Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Scholar Overview Exam with 130 Questions and Indisputable Answers

Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Scholar Overview Exam with 130 Questions and Indisputable Answers Additive Effect ANSWER drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone (1+1=2) Adverse Drug Event ANSWER any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication. Adverse Drug Reaction ANSWER any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (not an overdose) Adverse Effects ANSWER a general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs Agonist ANSWER a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Allergic Reaction ANSWER an immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event. Antagonistic Effects ANSWER Drug interaction which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given alone (1 + 1 = less than 2); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or reducing) effect of one drug on another Bioavailability ANSWER A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route (from 0% to 100%) Biotransformation ANSWER One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is either inactive or active. Also known as a metabolism. Blood-Brain Barrier ANSWER The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g. bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen.