MTTC Integrated Science Compulsory Revision Questions and Correct Answers

# of Animal species - over 1 million species and about 30 divisions # of insects - 800,000 species, half of animal kingdom Characteristics of animal kingdom - muliticellular, heterotrophic, reproduce sexually, do not have cell walls or chloroplasts, can move at some stage of life, can rapidly respond to environment due to specialized tissues like nerve and muscle Heterotrophic - method of getting energy by eating food that has energy releasing substances Mendel - Father of genetics, experimented with pea plants to observe inherited traits McClintock - Created the first genetic map for maize, demonstrated recombination, how transposition flips the switch for traits. Watson and Crick - Discovered the structure of DNA double helix and helped explain how DNA replicates. Leeuwenhoek - First to observe single celled organisms with homemade magnifying glass. Observed bacteria, yeast, plants and other microscopic organisms. Linnaeus - Created a method of classifying plants and animals, a way to organize and study large amounts of data, called Linnaean taxonomy. Darwin - natural selection, survival of the fittest by observing finches. Also discovered fossils, noted stratification, dissected marine animals and interacted with indigenous peoples. Scientific fact - an objective and verifiable observation Scientific theory - greater body of accepted knowledge, principles, relationships that might explain a fact. Hypothesis - Educated guess that is not yet proven. Used to predict the outcome of an experiment Law - An explanation of events that always leads to the same outcome. Model - Used to explain something on a smaller scale or in simpler terms. Scientific Method - Identify a problem Formulate a hypothesis Conduct experiments Observe results Draw conclusions Peer review Random errors in data - Sometimes called noise, wildly different from the rest of the data. Does not affect average Systematic errors in data - Shows up consistently across a data set, may be the result of a flaw in experimental design. Affects average, also known as bias. Mean - Average Median - Middle number Mode - Value that appears most frequently