, Mahan: Krause's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 13th Edition
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Minerals
d. Alcohol
ANS: D
The stomach is the site of digestion of small amounts of lipid and protein. Large proteins are
broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the stomach breaks down food into smaller particles and
passes it into the small intestine, where absorption of all nutrients EXCEPT alcohol takes place.
Alcohol is absorbed through the stomach.
REF: p. 2
2. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid.
d. peptidases.
ANS: C
Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form by the acid environment
of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush border of the small intestine in response to
presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is secreted by the pancreas and activated by enterokinase.
Various peptidases are secreted by either brush border or the pancreas.
REF: p. 5
3. What is the function of enterogastrone?
a. Inhibits carbohydrate digestion
b. Enhances carbohydrate digestion
c. Enhances protein digestion
d. Inhibits gastric secretion and motility
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank: Chapter 1 TB 1-2
ANS: D
Enterogastrone is the hormone secreted by duodenal mucosa cells when fat is present in the
duodenum, thus slowing the delivery of fat from the stomach and allowing time for fat digestion
and micelle formation. Carbohydrate digestion is enhanced or inhibited based on the form of the
carbohydrate (e.g., monosaccharide vs. fiber). Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a hormone secreted in
response to glucose intake, and it delays stomach emptying and promotes satiety. Gastrin and
cholecystokinin are hormones that promote protein digestion through the stimulation of secretion
of pepsinogen and pancreatic proteolytic enzymes, respectively.
REF: p 11
4. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin B6
d. Niacin
ANS: A
Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D may be
metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to ultraviolet light. The human body
can synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 must be obtained from dietary
sources such as meats, whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
REF: p. 9
5. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional complication is
most likely to develop?
a. Changes in dietary habits
b. Impaired digestion
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
d. Elimination of dietary residue
ANS: C
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of its large absorption
surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can still contribute to digestion
of intestinal contents. However, decreased absorption of nutrients and food components may
result in more intestinal remains and residue. A patient may change dietary habits as a result of
gastrointestinal discomfort experienced after intestinal resection, but this is not a functional
complication.
REF: p. 11
6. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa,
resulting in the increased production of what?
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank: Chapter 1 TB 1-3
a. Motilin
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: B
Parasympathetic innervation that causes release of hydrochloric acid helps prepare the stomach
for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is passed into the small intestine from the
stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and
bicarbonate. They also signal gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, all resulting in
reductions in stomach emptying and duodenal motility. Motilin is secreted from the duodenal
mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
REF: p. 5
7. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to produce
adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be improved?
a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
ANS: B
Medium-chain fatty acids of eight to 12 carbons can be absorbed directly by mucosal cells
without the presence of bile. The long-chain fatty acids require micelle formation for absorption.
Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates and
fibers. As bile is produced from cholesterol, dietary restriction of cholesterol is negligible in
regard to improvements in fat absorption.
REF: p. 18
8. What is the function of secretin?
a. Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility
b. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of bile
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate
d. Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin
ANS: C
Secretin is the hormone that works in opposition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates stomach
digestion activities, secretin decreases gastric output and promotes pancreatic secretions to
neutralize the acidity of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secreted when chyme enters the
duodenum, and it is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Test Bank
Chapter 1: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?
a. Vitamins
b. Carbohydrates
c. Minerals
d. Alcohol
ANS: D
The stomach is the site of digestion of small amounts of lipid and protein. Large proteins are
broken down into peptides. Otherwise, the stomach breaks down food into smaller particles and
passes it into the small intestine, where absorption of all nutrients EXCEPT alcohol takes place.
Alcohol is absorbed through the stomach.
REF: p. 2
2. Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with
a. enterokinase.
b. trypsinogen.
c. hydrochloric acid.
d. peptidases.
ANS: C
Pepsinogen is secreted in the stomach and converted to its active form by the acid environment
of the stomach. Enterokinase is secreted by the brush border of the small intestine in response to
presence of chyme. Trypsinogen is secreted by the pancreas and activated by enterokinase.
Various peptidases are secreted by either brush border or the pancreas.
REF: p. 5
3. What is the function of enterogastrone?
a. Inhibits carbohydrate digestion
b. Enhances carbohydrate digestion
c. Enhances protein digestion
d. Inhibits gastric secretion and motility
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank: Chapter 1 TB 1-2
ANS: D
Enterogastrone is the hormone secreted by duodenal mucosa cells when fat is present in the
duodenum, thus slowing the delivery of fat from the stomach and allowing time for fat digestion
and micelle formation. Carbohydrate digestion is enhanced or inhibited based on the form of the
carbohydrate (e.g., monosaccharide vs. fiber). Glucagon-like peptide 1 is a hormone secreted in
response to glucose intake, and it delays stomach emptying and promotes satiety. Gastrin and
cholecystokinin are hormones that promote protein digestion through the stimulation of secretion
of pepsinogen and pancreatic proteolytic enzymes, respectively.
REF: p 11
4. Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?
a. Vitamin K
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin B6
d. Niacin
ANS: A
Colonic bacteria produce vitamin K, vitamin B12, thiamin, and riboflavin. Vitamin D may be
metabolized by exposure of precursor vitamin D in the skin to ultraviolet light. The human body
can synthesize niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. Vitamin B6 must be obtained from dietary
sources such as meats, whole grains, vegetables, and nuts.
REF: p. 9
5. After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional complication is
most likely to develop?
a. Changes in dietary habits
b. Impaired digestion
c. Loss of absorptive tissue
d. Elimination of dietary residue
ANS: C
The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption because of its large absorption
surface area. Secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas can still contribute to digestion
of intestinal contents. However, decreased absorption of nutrients and food components may
result in more intestinal remains and residue. A patient may change dietary habits as a result of
gastrointestinal discomfort experienced after intestinal resection, but this is not a functional
complication.
REF: p. 11
6. The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa,
resulting in the increased production of what?
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
, Test Bank: Chapter 1 TB 1-3
a. Motilin
b. Hydrochloric acid
c. Cholecystokinin
d. Secretin
ANS: B
Parasympathetic innervation that causes release of hydrochloric acid helps prepare the stomach
for the potential of receiving food. After food chyme is passed into the small intestine from the
stomach, secretin and cholecystokinin are secreted to stimulate pancreatic secretion of water and
bicarbonate. They also signal gallbladder contractions and colonic motility, all resulting in
reductions in stomach emptying and duodenal motility. Motilin is secreted from the duodenal
mucosa during fasting to stimulate gastric emptying and intestinal motility.
REF: p. 5
7. If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to produce
adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be improved?
a. By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet
b. By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet
c. By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet
d. By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol
ANS: B
Medium-chain fatty acids of eight to 12 carbons can be absorbed directly by mucosal cells
without the presence of bile. The long-chain fatty acids require micelle formation for absorption.
Short-chain fatty acids result from bacterial fermentation of malabsorbed carbohydrates and
fibers. As bile is produced from cholesterol, dietary restriction of cholesterol is negligible in
regard to improvements in fat absorption.
REF: p. 18
8. What is the function of secretin?
a. Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility
b. Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of bile
c. Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate
d. Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin
ANS: C
Secretin is the hormone that works in opposition to gastrin. Whereas gastrin stimulates stomach
digestion activities, secretin decreases gastric output and promotes pancreatic secretions to
neutralize the acidity of chyme. Cholecystokinin is also secreted when chyme enters the
duodenum, and it is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2012, 2008, 2007 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
