PORTAGE LEARNINGBIOD 151 EXAM 1/79 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+)

PORTAGE LEARNINGBIOD 151 EXAM 1/79 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+) What are the six levels of organization in the body? - √Answer>atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, system of organs, and organism Quiz: The necessary life function that protects our internal environment from our external environment is provided by what system? - √Answer>Integumentary system Quiz: The function of movement is provided by what system? - √Answer>Muscular system Quiz: The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? - √Answer>Nervous system Quiz: The function of digestion is provided by what system? - √Answer>Digestive system Quiz: What is anabolism? - √Answer>The building of muscle from obtained proteins and nutrients Quiz: What is catabolism? - √Answer>The process of breaking down molecules to form simpler ones for energy Quiz: Excretion involves what system? - √Answer>Urinary system Quiz: The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? - √Answer>The endocrine system Quiz: Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body? - √Answer>Epithelial tissue Quiz: What are the three steps in cellular respiration? - √Answer>Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Quiz: What is the purpose of ATP? - √Answer>ATP is a form of energy Quiz: Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? - √Answer>Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration Quiz: What are the four basic tissue types? - √Answer>Epithelial, Muscle, Connective, Nervous Quiz: Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? - √Answer>Superficial Quiz: Away from the body is what direction? - √Answer>Deep Quiz: Between a more medial and a more lateral structure is what orientation? - √Answer>Intermediate Quiz: Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? - √Answer>Medial Quiz: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body is what direction? - √Answer>Inferior/Caudal Quiz: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure is what direction? - √Answer>Superior Quiz: Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? - √Answer>Ventral Quiz: Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? - √Answer>Distal Quiz: Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? - √Answer>Proximal Quiz: Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? - √Answer>Dorsal/Posterior Quiz: Closing of a joint is which action? - √Answer>Flexion Quiz: Opening of a joint is which action? - √Answer>Extension Quiz: In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? - √Answer>Supination Quiz: Why are the hands supine in the anatomical position? - √Answer>Because there are two bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna which cross over one another but when they are supine, the bones are independent of one another Quiz: Define elevation - √Answer>The upward movement of a structure Quiz: Define depression - √Answer>The downward movement of a structure Quiz: Define retraction - √Answer>moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground Quiz: Define protraction - √Answer>moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground Quiz: This body division includes the head, neck, and trunk - √Answer>Axial division Quiz: This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts - √Answer>Sagittal plane Quiz: These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts - √Answer>Coronal plane and Horizontal plane Quiz: A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts - √Answer>Superior and inferior portions Quiz: These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes - √Answer>Diagonal cuts Quiz: This body cavity protects the nervous system - √Answer>Dorsal body cavity Quiz: This body cavity encases the brain - √Answer>Cranial cavity Quiz: This cavity encloses the spinal cord - √Answer>Spinal cavity Quiz: The frontal plane is also known as the what plane? - √Answer>Coronal plane Quiz: The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities - √Answer>Thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity Quiz: This cavity encloses the heart - √Answer>Pericardial Cavity Quiz: The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called the - √Answer>Serous membrane Quiz: What is pleurisy - √Answer>The inflammation of tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity Quiz: The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? - √Answer>LUQ, LLQ, RUQ, RLQ Quiz: This region surrounds the naval - √Answer>Umbilical region Quiz: This region houses the pelvis - √Answer>the Pelvic Cavity Quiz: This cavity houses the teeth and tongue - √Answer>The buccal cavity Quiz: This cavity houses the eyes - √Answer>Orbital cavity Quiz: Joints are lined with what? - √Answer>Synovial tissue Quiz: This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them. - √Answer>The tympanic cavity; ossicles, the malleus, incus, and the stapes Quiz: Explain why active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small - √Answer>The cell must be able to obtain nutrients and excrete waste at a speed fast enough to fulfill the cells needs. As the cell gets larger, the surface area decreases which leads the metabolism to be relatively limited Quiz: Explain the three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - √Answer>Prokaryotes: bacteria, smaller size, DNA not enclosed, do not contain membrane bound organelles Eukaryotes: human cells, much larger in size, contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Quiz: What is the function of the nucleus - √Answer>contains DNA and serves as the control centre Quiz: What is the function of ribosomes? - √Answer>responsible for assembling proteins Quiz: What is the function of smooth ER? - √Answer>responsible for lipid synthesis Quiz: What is the function of rough ER? - √Answer>responsible for lipid synthesis Quiz: What is the function of RNA? - √Answer>decode messenger RNA and synthesize the formation of peptide bonds Quiz: What is the function of endospores? - √Answer>allows bacteria to survive in dormant state and preserve DNA while enduring high stress conditions Quiz: What is the function of the Golgi complex? - √Answer>receives lipids and proteins from ER and alters the structures and ships them to other parts of the cell Quiz: What is the function of lysosomes? - √Answer>contain digestive enzymes to breakdown waste products and harmful materials Quiz: What is the function of mitochondria? - √Answer>convert chemical energy to ATP Quiz: What is the function of the plasma membrane? - √Answer>regulate the passage of materials that enter and exit the cell Quiz: What is the function of microtubules and microfilaments? - √Answer>Microtubules: involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division and in the structure if there is cilia or flagella Microfilaments: Two intertwined chains of actin that work together with myosin to cause the formation of two daughter cells Quiz: What is the function of the extracellular matrix? - √Answer>Binds together and regulates many cellular functions Quiz: Describe aerobic respiration and the purpose of ATP production - √Answer>Aerobic respiration is the process of using oxygen to create CO2 and ATP. The purpose of ATP production is to produce as much energy as possible Quiz: Explain what happens in Tay-Sachs disease - √Answer>One of the normally present digestive enzymes inside lysosomes is lacking. Thus, a toxic lipid in the brain cells cannot be broken down. The resulting build-up of lipids in these cells can cause intellectual disability and death. Quiz: Define Eukaryotic cells - √Answer>cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Quiz: Define Prokaryotic cells - √Answer>cells that do not contain a nucleus and do not contain membrane bound organelles or enclosed nuclei Quiz: Define membranes - √Answer>a thin layer of cells that act as a lining or boundary to protect the cell Quiz: Define diffusion - √Answer>the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a lower concentration Quiz: Define active transport - √Answer>when particles are moving against their concentration gradient and therefore require energy expenditure Quiz: Define endocytosis - √Answer>the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole Quiz: Define proteins - √Answer>large macromolecules that contain one or more long chains of amino acids Quiz: Define isotonic - √Answer>equal amounts of solutes inside and outside the cell Quiz: Define hypertonic - √Answer>higher solute concentration on the outside of the cell than on the inside Quiz: Define hypotonic - √Answer>lower solute concentration on the inside of the cell than the inside Quiz: Define cholesterol - √Answer>an organic molecule comprised of lipids Quiz: