ATI Fundamentals for Nursing ATI Exam Questions and Answers

ATI Fundamentals for Nursing ATI Exam Questions and Answers Preventive health care -Answer-focuses on educating and equipping clients to reduce and control risk factors of disease. Examples include immunizations, stress management programs, and seat belt use Primary health care -Answer-emphasizes health promotion, and includes prenatal and well-baby care, nutrition counseling, and disease control. is based on a sustained partnership between client and provider. examples include office or clinic visits and scheduled school/work centered screenings (vision, hearing, obesity) Secondary health care -Answer-includes the diagnosis and treatment of emergency, acute illness, or injury. examples include care given in hospital settings (inpatient and EDs), diagnostic centers, or emergent care centers Tertiary health care -Answer-involves the provision of specialized highly technical care. examples include oncology centers and burn centers Restorative health care -Answer-involves intermediate follow-up care for restoring health. examples include home health care, rehab centers, and skilled nursing facilities Continuing health care -Answer-designed to address long-term or chronic health care needs. examples include hospice, adult day care, and in-home respite care Health care regulatory agencies include: -Answer--US Dept of Health and Human Srvcs -US FDA -State and local public health agencies -State licensing boards (to ensure providers & agencies comply with state regulations) -the Joint Commission/JCAHO (set quality standards for accreditation of health care facilities) -Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) -Utilization review committees (monitor for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of hospitalized clients) Morals are: -Answer-the values and beliefs held by people that guide their behaviors and decision making Ethical theory examines: -Answer-the different principles, ideas, systems, and philosophies used to make judgments about what is right/wrong and good/bad Ethical principles -Answer-standards of what is right/wrong with regard to important social values and norms Autonomy -Answer-ability of client to make personal decisions, even when those decisions may not be in the client's best interest Beneficence -Answer-agreement that the care given is in the best interest of the client; taking positive actions to help others Fidelity -Answer-agreement to keep one's promise to the client about care that was offered Justice -Answer-fair treatment in matters related to physical and psychosocial care and use of resources Nonmaleficence -Answer-avoidance of harm or pain as much as possible when giving treatments Ethical dilemmas are: -Answer-problems about which more than one choice can be made and the choice made is influenced by the values and beliefs of the decision makers A problem is an ethical dilemma if: -Answer--it cannot be solved solely by a review of scientific data -it involves a conflict between two moral imperatives -the answer will have a profound effect on the situation/client Steps in ethical decision making -Answer--identify whether or not the issue is indeed an ethical dilemma -state the ethical dilemma including all surrounding issues and individuals involved -list and analyze all possible options for resolving the dilemma and review implications of each option -select option that is in concert with the ethical principle applicable to this situation, the decision maker's values and beliefs, and the profession's values set forth for client care; justify why chosen over other options -apply this decision to the dilemma and evaluate the outcomes Advocacy -Answer-support of the cause of the client regarding health, safety, and personal rights Responsibility -Answer-willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises Accountability -Answer-ability to answer for one's own actions Confidentiality -Answer-protection of privacy without diminishing access to quality care According to the UDDA, death is determined by one of two criteria: -Answer--an irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions -irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem A determination of death must be made: -Answer-in accordance with accordance with accepted medical standards Nurse's roles in ethical decision making include: -Answer--agent for client facing an ethical decision: adolescent child debating on abortion; parent contemplating blood transfusion even when against religious beliefs -decision maker in regard to nursing practice: increasing staff load due to shift cuts; witnessing a surgeon discussion only surgical options without informing client of more conservative options Entities with codes of ethics that may be used to guide nursing practice include: - Answer--the American Nurses Association (ANA) -the International Council of Nurses (ICN) -the National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services, Inc. By practicing nursing within the confines of the law, nurses are able to: -Answer--shield oneself from liability -advocate for client's rights -provide care that is within the nurse's scope of practice -discern the responsibilities of nursing in relationship to the responsibilities of other members of the health care team -provide safe, competent care that is consistent with standards of care Federal laws impacting nursing practice include: -Answer--HIPAA