Cognitive neuroscience Midterm Exam with complete solutions

Cognitive neuroscience Midterm Exam with complete solutions A patient who makes no pronunciation errors when singing but many errors when speaking is an example of a(n) A. double dissociation B. association C. classical single dissociation D. strong single dissociation - answerClassical Single Dissociation A situation in which a patient is impaired on a particular task (task a) but relatively spared on another task (task b). - answerSingle Dissociation Patient performs normally on Task B, but is impaired on Task A. - answerClassical Single Dissociation Patient is impaired on both tasks, but is significantly impaired on one task. - answerStrong Single Dissociation A patient comes in for a cognitive assessment, but you discover that she stayed up until 4 am the night before playing World of Warcraft. You suspect that the test result will not be valid because the patient's performance will likely reflect a A. task demand artefact B. response resource artefact C. response bias artefact D. task resource artefact - answerTask Demand Artifact If two tests share the same neural/cognitive resource but one task uses it more, then damage to this resource will affect one task more than the other. - answerTask Resource Artifact One task is performed sub-optimally (but not because some aspect of the task is compromised). - answerTask Demand Artifact Two single dissociations that have a complementary profile of abilities. - answerDouble Dissociation What is the most likely conclusion one might make from observing a double dissociation between two patients on two tasks? A. The two tasks don't share any of the same neural/cognitive resources. B. The two tasks utilize some different neural/cognitive resources. C. The two tasks utilize the same neural and cognitive resources. D. One task is harder than the other. - answerB. The two tasks utilize some different neural/cognitive resources. You are a budding Neuropsychologist. While treating some patients with traumatic brain injury, you discover that some patients exhibit a rare behavior of speaking only in rhymes. Which of the following would be a better method to discover what region of the brain is responsible for the impairment in these patients? a. Conduct a group study b. Conduct a study using transcranial magnetic stimulation c. Conduct a study using transcranial direct current stimulation d. Conduct a case study - answera. Conduct a group study Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by a rapidly changing electrical current in a coil held over the scalp, producing "virtual lesions." - answerTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Non-invasive stimulation of the brain caused by passing a weak electrical current through it, providing a "virtual lesion." Also used to boost cognitive function which has important implications for rehabilitation. - answerTranscranial Direct current Stimulation (tDCS) (TMS/tDCS) has better temporal and spatial resolution than (TMS/tDCS). (TMS/tDCS) facilitate cognitive function, whereas (TMS/tDCS) typically is used to disrupt cognitive function. - answerTMS; tDCS; tDCS; TMS What are the two different types of structural imaging? - answerComputerized Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Measures of the spatial configuration of different types of tissue in the brain (principally CT and MRI); based on the different physical properties of different types of tissue. - answerStructural Imagi