resistance (R): V = I * R.
Topic 1: Basics of Electrical Circuits
1. Definition of an Electrical Circuit:
• An electrical circuit is a closed loop through which an electric current
can flow.
2. Components of a Circuit:
• Voltage Source: Provides the electrical energy (e.g., batteries, power
supplies).
• Conductors: Materials that allow the flow of electric current (e.g.,
copper wires).
* Load/Resistor: Consumes electrical energy, converting it to other forms
(e.g. light bulbs, motors).
• Switches: Control the flow of current by opening or closing the circuit.
3. Ohm's Law
• Describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (0, and
resistance (R): V = I* R.
Topic 2: Series and Parallel Circuits
1. Series Circuits:
• Components are connected in a single path.
• The same current flows through each component.
• Total resistance (R_total) is the sum of individual resistances.
2. Parallel Circuits:
• Components are connected in multiple paths.
• Voltage across each component is the same.
• The reciprocal of total resistance (1/_tojal) is the sum of reciprocals of
individual resistances
2. Parallel Circuits:
• Components are connected in multiple paths.