SCCJA Pre-Academy Block 3- Prejudice and Personality, Report Writing, Interviewing, Vulnerable Adult, Officer Survival, Drug Enforcement, Crime Scene and Physical Evidence, Hazmat Questions & Answers

SCCJA Pre-Academy Block 3- Prejudice and Personality, Report Writing, Interviewing, Vulnerable Adult, Officer Survival, Drug Enforcement, Crime Scene and Physical Evidence, Hazmat Questions & Answers 2023 Culture - Correct Answer-a characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time; the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations, or the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group Characteristics of culture - Correct Answer-•learned •gives a range of acceptable behaviors •subject to change •can't remain in isolation Prejudice - Correct Answer-A preconceived judgment or opinion, or an adverse opinion or learning formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge; it can be favorable or unfavorable and shows a lack of tolerance Personal prejudice - Correct Answer-when members of another racial or ethnic group are perceived as a threat to one's own interests Group prejudice - Correct Answer-When a person conforms to group norms because it appears that is what is expected Stanford Prison Experiment - Correct Answer-study conducted to investigate the effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard and role playing Brown Eyes, Blue Eyes Experiment - Correct Answer-Study conducted to demonstrate his prejudicial attitudes and intolerance can affect even the youngest of people intolerance - Correct Answer-unwillingness to accept views, beliefs, or behavior that differ from one's own; based on ignorance, indifference, and limited perception ignorance - Correct Answer-lack of knowledge or information indifference - Correct Answer-lack of interest, concern, or sympathy Limited perception - Correct Answer-Perceiving others through a range of limited experiences which ultimately could create stereotyping of an entire group stereotype - Correct Answer-a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people 3 ways stereotypes change - Correct Answer-• Bookkeeping-slow adjustment as we learn and adapt to new information • Conversion-old stereotypes are thrown away, usually when there is signification contradictory evidence • Subtyping-new stereotype is created as a sub-classification of the original Hate crime - Correct Answer-criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation Wisconsin v. Mitchell - Correct Answer-court upheld statute providing for higher penalties if a criminal selects a victim because of their race, religion, or sexual orientation Arguments for hate crime legislation - Correct Answer-•a victim may suffer more psychological harm •victim may suffer more physical trauma •hate crimes have a wide impact •hate crimes may spark retaliation or community unrest Police response at the scene of a hate crime - Correct Answer-•secure the scene •stabilization the victim •preserve the crime scene •identify criminal evidence •1 officer interview the victim •report crime to supervisor •document thoroughly •determine if probable cause exists for arrest How to determine if a hate crime has been committed - Correct Answer-•perceptions of victim and witnesses •suspect's reflection of bias •any differences between victim and suspect •similar incidents in same or nearby location •whether victim was promoting group allegiance •whether incident was close or coincided with a significant holiday for victim •absence of other motive Reasons hate crime victims may not come forward - Correct Answer-•fear of retaliation •humiliation •lack of support •cultural or language barriers Interview techniques for victims of a hate crime - Correct Answer-•reassure them it is not their fault •try to ascertain why the victim feels this happened to them •create an open dialogue •hold neighborhood meetings to ensure community awareness Gold Personality - Correct Answer-•keeper of tradition •motivation is to belong •feel there is a right way to do everything •majority of police officers Green Personality - Correct Answer-•always questioning the status quo •motivation is a quest for power •knowledge is power •visionaries and careful planners Blue Personality - Correct Answer-•searching for meaning of life •motivation is to feel authentic •yearn for self-actualization •peacemakers and cooperative team players Orange Personality - Correct Answer-•wants to do things now •motivation is to be free •like variety and spontaneity •enjoy action and competition Baby Boomers - Correct Answer-•people born between 1946 and 1964 •work to live •motivated by people who tell them they are valued and needed Generation X - Correct Answer-•people born between 1965 and 1980 •self reliant •challenge authority •motivated by hands-off approach Generation Y (Millennials) - Correct Answer-•people both between •motivated by being surrounding with bright, creative people •change jobs frequently •value realism, confidence, and fun Who reads police reports - Correct Answer-•supervisors •investigators •attorneys •judges •backup officers •victims •civil courts •probation officers •advocates •the media Communication - Correct Answer-The exchange of information or the technique of expressing ideas effectively Report - Correct Answer-Any written or electronic communication on a departmental firm Report form - Correct Answer-A preprinted, standardized set of questions Common characteristics of a report - Correct Answer-•made at or about the time of an event and should be accurate to the best of the officer's knowledge •should also reflect what the officer heard at the time of the incident •reports serve as permanent records of events Operational reports - Correct Answer-Reports taken by individual officers in reference to crimes, incidents, arrests, and other daily activities Administrative reports - Correct Answer-Reports that affect the administration of a department When to initiate a report - Correct Answer-•whenever departmental policy prescribes •whenever police action is taken •when statutes require Elements of a good report - Correct Answer-•factual •clear •complete •concise •impartial •transition words •cardinal rule Steps to successful report writing - Correct Answer-•prewriting •organizing •revise for clarity •write in first person •proofread Objective information - Correct Answer-Verifiable facts such as a subject's address, the color of a vehicle, or the date and time of an incident; officers must ensure accuracy of their reports and never include information they have not verified Subjective facts - Correct Answer-Observations made by an officer at the scene of an incident such as suspect's demeanor, injuries of a crime victim; can convict criminals; witness credibility is key and officers can ensure this through accurate report writing field notes - Correct Answer-Personal observations recorded by the officer at the scene of an event or at the time information is first gathered Reasons for taking field notes - Correct Answer-•memory aid •key to other records •investigative aid •protection •evaluation •memorandum or official information Field Notebook - Correct Answer-•kept on the person of the officer •can be loose leaf or bound •can be entered into evidence •can be a valuable tool when used properly Report writing checklist - Correct Answer-•gather preliminary information-source of call, type of incident, location and weather condition •victim/witness/suspect statements-note what they tell you, use direct quotes •investigate the scene-describe condition of the scene, list your actions, take photographs, collect and document evidence •disposition-note particulars of arrest, note location of suspect, list recovery of any property or contraband, record any follow up activities SLED - Correct Answer-A copy of every report regarding criminal violations must be sent to what agency? Incident report - Correct Answer-Page 1 of a report, first page of any original documentation, never use more than one of this page Supplemental incident report - Correct Answer-Page 3 of a report, used for information that will not fit on page 1, such as additional victims, suspects, witnesses, stolen property, or narrative Supplementary report - Correct Answer-Page 2 of a report, used for any additional narrative space NCIC Section - Correct Answer-Part of the supplemental incident report, used to document property that, due to the nature of the offense, will be entered into NCIC Property types - Correct Answer-Groupings of items involved in an incident report based on categories defined by SLED Location/premise type - Correct Answer-Where an incident occurs; incidents involving parking lots need a secondary one of these listed in the report; motor vehicles do not count as these Types of miscellaneous report forms - Correct Answer-•vehicle tow sheets •suspect identity charts •FI cards •SLED missing person reports •Use of force reports interview - Correct Answer-A conversation with a purpose designed to obtain and evaluate information given to law enforcement officers by persons who have knowledge of the events or circumstances of a crime, accident, or other matter of police interest interrogation - Correct Answer-The process of asking questions of a person arrested or suspected of a crime Field Interview - Correct Answer-Street level encounters or contacts with individuals initiated by law enforcement officers in an effort to obtain information relating to an investigation into criminal activity, specific complaint or other matter of police interest; temporary detention based on information received from an outside source or personal knowledge of the officer; warrant check should be done Statement - Correct Answer-A single declaration or remark or an assertion; a report of facts or opinions; the act or process of stating or presenting orally or on paper People and things - Correct Answer-A police investigation involves the task of gathering and evaluating information from these 2 things Types of people interviewed - Correct Answer-•victims-as witness or otherwise, provide timeframe/timeline for crimes against people and property •witnesses-most are not dishonest but are easily susceptible to outside influences and prejudices, memory is fragile, rely on witnesses' 5 senses •suspects-usually possess the most significant information, establish probable cause for arrest, to uncover motive, one lie leads to another elderly and very young - Correct Answer-What 2 age groups will require special consideration in interviews? Detailed physical descriptions - Correct Answer-•build •complexion •hair •facial hair •hairstyle •scars •disfigurement •odor •demeanor •teeth •speech •clothing •vehicles •weapons •other items Interview classifications - Correct Answer-Formal (structured)-requires preparation, intelligence/background has been gathered, non-threatening environment, conducted on your ground Informal (casual)-normal conversation, not planned or structured Combination-used most often, less structured than formal but less casual than informal 80% - Correct Answer-What percentage of human communication is nonverbal Physiological response - Correct Answer-Unconscious and involuntary response that people show or say when they are under stress; can be verbal or nonverbal, usually occur in clusters Types of physical/physiological responses - Correct Answer-•loss of eye contact •adjusting clothes/jewelry •crossing of legs •gazing into distance •rubbing hands, back of head or neck •sweating/scratching •laughing/smiling Establishing a baseline - Correct Answer-Nonverbal indicators are useless without this Types of verbal responses - Correct Answer-•silence masked by cough •repeating question just asked •complaining of various issues Truth indicators - Correct Answer-•definitive answers •emphatic •angry and slow to cool •short time to answer •no specifics 3 integral questions to ask at the end of an interview - Correct Answer-•did you do it? •have you told me everything? •has everything you told me been the truth? Interview Considerations - Correct Answer-•status of interviewee-emotions and attitudes •personal data-age, race, sex, ethnic group, education •emotional state •attitude-cooperative, reluctant, hostile •attitude of interviewer •communication skills of interviewee-consider educational background, physical condition, emotional state, and ability to understand questions •communication skills of interviewer-simple questions are best, ABC's, listen •interview environment-no external distractions, barriers/furniture, private location, single officer interview, one note taker and one speaker if 2 •interviewer's behavior •types of questions-funnel approach •timing-ASAP after event, leave open to return to later •case background-know before you go Additional resources for interviewing - Correct Answer-•doctors •DSS •DJJ •PPP •records or ID section at your department •other officers •school officials and teachers •ministers/church personnel funnel approach - Correct Answer-Start with broad questions and progressively narrow the scope Interview Don'ts - Correct Answer-•prejudge •let prejudice or bias show •show anger •be sarcastic Interview Do's - Correct Answer-•be pleasant, polite, and interested in what the interviewee is saying •keep the parties informed •detain for as little time as possible Methods of taking statements - Correct Answer-•verbal-try to have a witness present •written-allows person to tell their story in their own words •taped-accurate account of person's mood and emotions First contact steps - Correct Answer-•identify yourself •create favorable atmosphere and build rapport •encourage interviewee to talk •get specific information, pin down and resolve inconsistencies •get all facts •use comparisons •separate facts from interference •verify and test •summarize and obtain descriptions •close Abuse - Correct Answer-Physical or psychological harm caregiver - Correct Answer-a person that provides care to a vulnerable adult, with or without compensation, on a temporary or permanent or full or part-time basis and included, but is not limited to, a relative, household member, day care personnel, adult foster home sponsor, and personnel of a public or private institution or facility Exploitation - Correct Answer-•causing or requiring a vulnerable adult to engage in activity or labor which is improper, unlawful, or against the reasonable and rational wishes of the vulnerable adult; does not include requiring a vulnerable adult to participate in an activity or labor which is a part of a written plan of care or which is prescribed or authorized by a licensed physician attending the patient •an improper, unlawful, or unauthorized use of funds, assets, property, power of attorney, guardianship, or conservatorship of a vulnerable adult by a person for the profit or advantage of that person or another person OR •causing a vulnerable adult to purchase goods or services for the profit or advantage of the seller or another person through -undue influence -harassment -duress -force -coercion OR -swindling by overreaching, cheating, or defrauding the vulnerable adult through cunning arts or devices that delude the vulnerable adult and cause him to lose money or other property Omnibus Adult Protection Act - Correct Answer-Title 43 Chapter 35, SC legislature on vulnerable adults facility - Correct Answer-A nursing care facility, community residential care facility, a psychiatric hospital, or any residential program operated or contracted for operation by the Department of Mental Health or the Department of Disabilities and Special Needs neglect - Correct Answer-The failure or omission of a caregiver to provide the care, goods, or services necessary to maintain the health or safety of a vulnerable adult including, but not limited to, food, clothing, medicine, shelter, supervision, and medical services and the failure or omission has caused, or presents a substantial risk of causing, physical or mental injury to the vulnerable adult; noncompliance with regulatory standards alone does not constitute; includes the inability of a vulnerable adult, in the absence of a caretaker, to provide for his or her own health or safety which produces or could reasonably be expected to produce serious physical or psychological harm or substantial risk of death. physical abuse - Correct Answer-Intentionally inflicting or allowing to be inflicted physical injury on a vulnerable adult by an act or failure to act; includes, but is not limited to, slapping, hitting, kicking, biting, choking, pinching, burning, actual or attempted sexual battery, use of medication outside the standards of reasonable medical practice for the purpose of controlling behavior, and unreasonable confinement; also includes the use of a restrictive or physically intrusive procedure to control behavior for the purpose of punishment except that a therapeutic procedure prescribed by a licensed physician or other qualified professional or that is part of a written plan of care by a licensed physician or other qualified professional is not considered; does not include altercations or acts of assault between vulnerable adults psychological abuse - Correct Answer-deliberately subjecting a vulnerable adult to threats or harassment or other forms of intimidating behavior causing fear, humiliation, degradation, agitation, confusion, or other forms of serious emotional distress vulnerable adult - Correct Answer-a person eighteen years of age or older who has a physical or mental condition which substantially impairs the person from adequately providing for his or her own care or protection. This includes a person who is impaired in the ability to adequately provide for the person's own care or protection because of the infirmities of aging including, but not limited to, organic brain damage, advanced age, and physical, mental, or emotional dysfunction; a resident of a facility 4 Dynamics of Vulnerable Adult Victimization - Correct Answer-1. caregiver stress 2. perpetrator characteristics 3. intergenerational/transgenerational violence 4. self abuse/neglect Caregiver Stress - Correct Answer-occurs when caregivers become overwhelmed due to the emotional and financial burden of providing care to the vulnerable adult, elder, or incapacitated person; demands to the caregivers' time, finances, duties and other factors are often times not fully known when they agree to take on the role of a caregiver; is real but it's not a justification or excuse for vulnerable adult abuse, neglect or exploitation vulnerable adult abuse perpetrator characteristics - Correct Answer--many are the children of the vulnerable/elderly person -dependent on housing or financial assistance due to personal problems in the adult child's life caused by financial or mental health issues -often find many benefits to controlling a vulnerable adult or elderly person-access to the vulnerable adult's assets and medication can be easily obtained intergenerational violence - Correct Answer-violence that occurs within one's own generation transgenerational violence - Correct Answer-violence that occurs across multiple generations self abuse/neglect characteristics - Correct Answer-•isolation to not be a burden on others •depression •self destructive decisions •may not remember how to care for themselves Suspicion - Correct Answer-Grounds for opening a vulnerable adult abuse investigation, must be based on articulation, not personal opinion SLED Vulnerable Adult Unit - Correct Answer-Which agency do you contact for abuse occurring in facilities operated or contracted for operation by the Department of Mental Health or Department of Disabilities and Special Needs? Long Term Care Ombudsman - Correct Answer-Which agency do you contact for abuse occurring in facilities not connect to the Department of Mental Health or Department of Disabilities and Special Needs? Adult Protective Services of DSS - Correct Answer-Which agency do you contact for abuse occurring at all locations other than facilities, mostly residences? If the victim is a vulnerable adult according to SC law - Correct Answer-When can photos of an abuse victim be taken without their consent? When the investigating authority was the entity who requested them - Correct AnswerWhen must medical services release x-rays or medical exams results to law enforcement? Vulnerable Adult Misdemeanor Charges - Correct Answer-•Person who is required to report abuse, neglect, or exploitation knowingly and willfully fails to do so •Person who threatens, intimidates, or attempts to intimidate a vulnerable adult subject of a report, witness, or any other person cooperating with an investigation •Person who willfully and knowingly obstructs or in any way impedes an investigation Vulnerable Adult Felony Charges - Correct Answer-•Person knowingly and willfully abuses a vulnerable adult, physical or psychological •Person knowingly and willfully neglects a vulnerable adult •Person who knowingly and willfully exploits a vulnerable adult; activity or financial •Person who knowingly and willfully abuses or neglects a vulnerable adult resulting in great bodily injury •Person who knowingly and willfully abuses or neglects a vulnerable adult resulting in death great bodily injury - Correct Answer-bodily injury which creates a substantial risk of death or which causes serious, permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ Law Enforcement Responsibilities when Investigating Vulnerable Adult Cases - Correct Answer-•focus on victim safety as number one priority •secure crime scene •identify and document the victim, caregiver and care provided, and any forms of victimization or evidence observed •notify supervisor of a situation possibly involving felony charges •contact and advise investigator to handle interview/interrogation, contact an agency with those resources if investigator is not available •avoid assumptions •recognize offender tactics •work together with other agencies and entities Interviewing Vulnerable Adult Victim Tactics - Correct Answer-•cater to their needs as best possible •be sensitive to any difficulty seeing, hearing, or speaking •ask if they need anything to assist them with communication, comfort, or safety •keep them separated from any abusers or persons who may influence them Signs of a Possible Vulnerable Adult Abuse Environment - Correct Answer-•area not well kempt (neglect) •utilities not working (financial) •unpaid bills or stacks of mail (financial) •no food, water, or appropriate clothing for victim •victim does not have required medication or medical equipment (neglect/abuse) •victim is isolated in some way •victim does not have access to outside communication •unusual or foul odors present (neglect) Signs of Possible Vulnerable Adult Victim - Correct Answer-•restricted in some way •does not appear to be in good health •not dressed appropriately •skin in bad condition •hands and feet in bad condition •marks or injuries •wound or injuries Investigative Entities of Vulnerable Adult Abuse - Correct Answer-•Long Term Care Ombudsman •Adult Protective Services •SLED •Medicaid Fraud Unit of the Attorney General's Office Interviewing Vulnerable Adult Suspect/Abuser Tactics - Correct Answer-•consider the purpose of the communication-interviewing or interrogating •determine if the person is considered a suspect •use Miranda warning and waiver if interrogating •approach with an attitude of help rather than judgment •establish who they are and how they assisted the vulnerable adult Documentation Needed for Vulnerable Adult Cases - Correct Answer-•incident report •statements •physical evidence •pictures •who law enforcement talked to, notified and when •justification for all actions Emergency Protective Custody for Vulnerable Adults - Correct Answer-•not for homeless or substance abusers •there is probable cause to believe that by reason of abuse, neglect, or exploitation there exists an imminent danger to the vulnerable adult's life or physical safety •the vulnerable adult or caregiver does not have to consent to protective custody •there is not time to apply for a court order •victim must not be taken to a detention facility •immediately notify the Adult Protective Services Program and the DSS in the county where the victim was at the during the abuse Information to Give to DSS When Placing a Vulnerable Adult in EPC - Correct Answer- •name of victim, if known; physical description if not known •address where the victim was removed •name and address of any person who was exercising temporary or permanent custody of or control over or who was the caregiver of the victim at the time of the EPC, if known •the address where the victim was taken by the officer •a description of the facts and circumstances resulting in the officer taking the victim into EPC 72 hours - Correct Answer-Family court should hold a hearing to determine whether there is probable cause for the protective custody within how many hours? 363 - Correct Answer-How many SC law enforcement officers have died in the line of duty between ? Law Enforcement Officers' Safety Act - Correct Answer-federal law that states qualified active law enforcement officers must carry the photographic identification issued by the agency for which they are employed Homicide by Gunshot While Attempting an Arrest - Correct Answer-What have the majority of SC in the line of duty deaths been from? 50,212 - Correct Answer-How many assaults against police officers occurred in 2015 according to the Department of Justice, most by personal weapons? Personal Weapons - Correct Answer-Part of the human body used defensively, such as hands, feet, knees, head, elbow, teeth, etc. Handguns - Correct Answer-The number one weapon used to kill police officers Traffic collisions - Correct Answer-The number one cause for accidental police deaths Tennessee v. Garner - Correct Answer-Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or others; established fleeing felon doctrine Graham v. Connor - Correct Answer-determined that the reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene would respond, rather than from the 20/20 perspective of hindsight; must be both reasonable and necessary Reasonable - Correct Answer-Using or showing reasons or sound judgment and not extreme or excessive force Necessary - Correct Answer-Must be done, is mandatory, or is compelled by circumstances Threat Level I - Correct Answer-Provides protection from .22, .25, and .32 caliber weapons Threat Level II - Correct Answer-Provides protection from lower velocity .38 and 9mm weapons Threat Level IIA - Correct Answer-Provides protection from higher velocity .357 magnum and .45 weapons Threat Level IIIA - Correct Answer-Provides protection from 44 magnum and sub machine guns, recommended by SCCJA with a shock plate 4 Considerations Concerning Selection and Wearing of a Ballistic Vest - Correct Answer-•threat level •concealability •wearability •body area coverage Extra Duty Equipment That Increases Survival - Correct Answer-•back-up firearm and ammunition •availability of a long gun-shotgun or patrol rifle •additional retraining devices to secure suspects-handcuffs, flex cuffs, leg chains, hobbles •primary and secondary flashlight Equipment and personal items to avoid - Correct Answer-•gloves that prevent utilization of equipment •unnecessary or excessive jewelry Reactionary Gap - Correct Answer-The distance an officer must keep between him- or herself and the subject in order to react effectively against a sudden threat; 6-8 feet Reasons and causes of officers killed in the line of duty - Correct Answer-•climate-high temperatures in the south during the summer •single uniformed officer patrol units for large areas •superman or lone ranger mentality by officers that think they do not need help or assistance •illegal immigration •gangs and drug dealing •lack of adequate training •officers driving too fast for conditions •not handcuffing and searching suspects properly Contact Officer Responsibilities - Correct Answer-•in charge of the encounter •communication with suspect and dispatch •handcuff suspect if necessary •search, pat down, or Terry frisk suspect •directing activities of other responding officers •determining if specialized assistance is needed at crime scenes Cover officer responsibilities - Correct Answer-•assistance and coordination with contact officer •coordination of tactics with contact officer and triangulation of suspect •establishing a force presence, prevention of escape, and intervening with appropriate force if necessary Reasons for role reversal - Correct Answer-•Special skill or ability in an area such as a foreign language •gender issue when interviewing a sexual assault victim Direct assault - Correct Answer-Suspect threatens violence, is visibly prepared to attack and the assault is straightforward Sniper assault - Correct Answer-Suspect assaults from a distance using cover and/or concealment Coordinated attack - Correct Answer-Multiple suspects attack at the same time; most dangerous due to the officer having to fend off multiple assailants who are working together Countermeasures to ambushes - Correct Answer-•fight back using one level of force above the suspect's •tactically withdraw from immediate threat and seek cover and/or concealment •seek assistance from backup officers •pacify through dialogue to deescalate the situation Deadly mistakes and tactical errors that decrease officer survivability - Correct Answer- •not maintaining a survival mindset and warrior mentality •not wearing ballistic body armor •not being clearly identifiable as a law enforcement officer •overreaching control capabilities-not handcuffing and searching suspect properly •getting careless and missing danger signs and pre-attack cues •not being proficient with equipment •failure to communicate changes in situation to dispatch •explain arrest actions to onlookers •failure to recognize and evaluate the threat •not requesting backup when the situation dictates one should •improper tactical positioning within suspect's easy reach or placing yourself at a disadvantage •allowing suspect to dictate and control the encounter •failure to use proper tactical contact and cover officer principles •failure to use cover vs. concealment property •failure to protect handgun while it is being attached whether in or out of holster •failure to use that force that is reasonable and necessary Countermeasures when attacked by assailant with edged weapon - Correct Answer- •recognize and avoid the knife attack if possible •create distance and seek cover and/or concealment •get your gun out, discharge gun at suspect if use of deadly force is reasonable necessary •if unable to disengage or avoid the attack, as last resort engage suspect with empty hand disarming techniques Section 44-53-370 - Correct Answer-(a) Except as authorized by this article it shall be unlawful for any person: (1) to manufacture, distribute, dispense, deliver, purchase, aid, abet, attempt, or conspire to manufacture, distribute, dispense, deliver, or purchase, or possess with the intent to manufacture, distribute, dispense, deliver, or purchase a controlled substance or a controlled substance analogue; (2) to create, distribute, dispense, deliver, or purchase, or aid, abet, attempt, or conspire to create, distribute, dispense, deliver, or purchase, or possess with intent to distribute, dispense, deliver, or purchase a counterfeit substance. prima facie - Correct Answer-based on the first impression; accepted as correct until proved otherwise Section 44-53-375-Methamphetamine "Ice, Crank" and Cocaine Base "Crack" statute - Correct Answer-Covers possession, distribution, possession with intent to distribute (PWID) and trafficking Crack (smokeable form of cocaine base), Methamphetamine, "Crank," or "Ice" (smokeable form). Section 44-53-445-Distribution of controlled substance within proximity of school - Correct Answer-(A) It is a separate criminal offense for a person to distribute, sell, purchase, manufacture, or to unlawfully possess with intent to distribute, a controlled substance while in, on, or within a one-half mile radius of the grounds of a public or private elementary, middle, or secondary school; a public playground or park; a public vocational or trade school or technical educational center; or a public or private college or university. Drugs are placed into schedules I - V depending upon: - Correct Answer-•medical use •potential for abuse •safety or dependence liability narcotic - Correct Answer-Refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes Effects include drowsiness, inability to concentrate, apathy, lessened physical activity, construction of the pupils, dilation of the subcutaneous blood vessels causing flushing of the face and neck, constipation, nausea, vomiting and mist significantly, respiratory depression poppy plant - Correct Answer-Source for non-synthetic narcotics Opium - Correct Answer-true narcotic The milky fluid that seeps from incisions in the unripe seed pod of a poppy plant Generally abused by smoking Heroin - Correct Answer-true narcotic Sold in multi-gram quantities packaged in grams and sold in small plastic bags, bindles, and ballons vary in color from white to black mostly used through injection and intravenously Synthesized from morphine Schedule I Oxycodone - Correct Answer-true narcotic Schedule II abused orally or tablets are crushed and sniffed or dissolved in water and injected Sold in milligram controlled-release tablets Fentanyl/Carfentanil - Correct Answer-true narcotic Schedule II Synthetic opioid that is stronger than morphine Generally abused transdermally, sublingually, orally, and injected Medically used for people in chronic pain As little as 2mg can be lethal Protection must be worn when handling transdermal - Correct Answer-Crossing through the skin Narcan - Correct Answer-Temporarily interrupts effects of opioids Must be trained properly to administer and must follow up with emergency medical treatment Depressants - Correct Answer-referred to as downers, sedatives, minor tranquilizers, and anti-anxiety medications Alcohol - Correct Answer-depressant one of the oldest, most universal, and widely abused drugs A central nervous system depressant rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream Heavy use can cause serious damage to the body and affects the liver, nervous system, muscles, lungs, and heart A factor in approximately 41% of deaths from motor vehicle crashes Benzodiazepines - Correct Answer-depressant Used therapeutically to produce sedation, induce sleep, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and to prevent seizures Among the most widely prescribed medications Examples include Xanax, Librium, and Valium Schedule I - Correct Answer-drugs with no accepted medical use, a high potential for abuse, and lacking safety measures Flunitrazepam - Correct Answer-depressant Not legally marketed in the US, smuggled in by traffickers Known as rophies, roofies, and roach Party and date rape drug Stimulants - Correct Answer-Produce a sense of exhilaration, enhance self esteem, improve mental and physical performance, increase activity, reduce appetite, produce prolonged wakefulness, produces a high referred to as uppers Cocaine/Crack - Correct Answer-stimulant most powerful of natural origin extracted from coca plant usually distributed as a crystalline powder or off white rocks generally snorted or dissolved in water and injected commonly packaged and sold in small plastic bags sold in gram increments often diluted with a variety of substances Schedule II pharmaceutical diversion - Correct Answer-maintaining drug supply by getting prescriptions from several doctors, forging prescriptions, or buying diverted pharmaceutical products on the illicit market amphetamines/methamphetamine - Correct Answer-stimulant generally taken orally or injected ice form is smoked most frequently encountered clandestine labs OTC drugs - Correct Answer-over the counter drugs clandestine - Correct Answer-secret, concealed, underhanded Bath Salts - Correct Answer-stimulant synthetic crystalline powder white to yellow in color usually ingested by sniffing/snorting, taken orally, smoked, or injected Effects include reported agitation, insomnia, irritability, dizziness, depression, paranoia, delusions, suicidal thoughts, seizures, and panic attacks Marijuana (Cannabis) - Correct Answer-most frequently encountered illicit drug worldwide Schedule I a drug, often smoked, whose effects include euphoria, impairment of judgment and concentration and occasionally hallucinations varies significantly in potency Effects include increased heart rate, dry mouth, reddening in eyes, impaired motor skills and concentration, and hunger with an increased desire for sweets Extended use increased risk to the lungs and reproductive system, as well as suppression of the immune system Spice/K2 - Correct Answer-A mixture of herbs and spices that is typically sprayed with a synthetic compound chemically similar to THC Often marketed as incense or fake weed Typically sold in small, silvery plastic bags or bindles of dried leaves and marketed as incense that can be smoked or made into a tea Psychological effects are similar to those of marijuana including paranoia, panic attacks, and giddiness Physiological effects include increased heart rate and increase of blood pressure 5 are Schedule I THC - Correct Answer-psychoactive substance present in marijuana Marijuana Concentrates - Correct Answer-Highly potent THC concentrated mass Similar in appearance to either honey or butter Generally smoked Hallucinogens - Correct Answer-Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell, and touch LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) - Correct Answer-Most potent hallucinogen known to science Effects include impaired depth, size, shape, and time perception Schedule II drugs - Correct Answer-a type of drug with medicinal uses that is highly addictive and only available with a prescription Psilocybin - Correct Answer-natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms Michigan v. Long - Correct Answer-The court held that if the police have lawfully stopped a motor vehicle then the LEOs are permitted to conduct a limited search of the passenger compartment and any containers located therein for weapons if they reasonably believe the suspects may be armed Carroll v. US - Correct Answer-police may stop and search a vehicle without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle is carrying individuals or articles that offend the law, and the vehicle is now or is about to be moved Schneckloth v. Bustamonte - Correct Answer-A person doesn't have to know that they don't need to give consent for a vehicle search Florida v. Jimeno - Correct Answer-The scope of a suspect's consent is that of "objective reasonableness" based on the conversation between the officer and the suspect Illinois v. Caballes - Correct Answer-The Constitution did not require police to have reasonable suspicion to use a drug-detection dog on a car during a legal traffic stop Arizona v. Gant - Correct Answer-Police may only search a vehicle incident to arrest if the arrestee might access the vehicle at the time of search, or the vehicle contains evidence of the offense he was arrested for Drug Interdiction Techniques - Correct Answer-•be aware of criminal activity involving drugs •collect and preserve evidence and personal property at crime scenes •conduct community presentations on the danger of unlawful drugs Initial responding officer evidence collection material include: - Correct Answer-•paper bags or boxes •biohazard bags •camera •take measure and scales •consent/search forms •crime scene/barricade tape •flashlight and extra batteries •evidence markers/tags •PPE and gloves APC - Correct Answer-Approach, position, and control Types of crime scene locations - Correct Answer-•indoors •outside •conveyances (things that move) •on the victim/suspect or their environment advantageous position - Correct Answer-A position of cover, whether natural or manmade, that will protect an officer Balance at a crime scene - Correct Answer-Maintaining officer safety while also maintaining the crime scene integrity 4th Amendment - Correct Answer-Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure Flippo v. West Virginia - Correct Answer-Officers may enter without a warrant to search for other victims or suspects, or for people that need immediate aid, but beyond that, they must secure a warrant Mincey v. Arizona - Correct Answer-a trial in which the verdict affirmed that search warrants must be obtained if there is reasonable time to obtain them Plain Sight Doctrine - Correct Answer-officials can search/seize if they see illegal items/activities Conditions that must exist for lawful search for an individual - Correct Answer-•search warrant •arrest warrant for the suspect and the address is the suspect's residence along with the reasonable belief that the subject is there •an arrest warrant and a search warrant for the address if not the suspect's residence •with consent, providing the one giving consent has the authority to do so, can be revoked at any time •when exigent circumstances exist Immediate warrantless entry is justified when there is compelling need for official action and there is no time to obtain a warrant and: - Correct Answer-•to protect life and safety •to arrest a fugitive in hot pursuit •to preserve evidence being destroyed or removed Duties of the first responder at a crime scene - Correct Answer-•officer safety •mentally note vehicles and persons exiting the area •medical attention to anyone who needs it •render aid as needed crime scene - Correct Answer-•a physical location where a crime has allegedly occurred •a place where potential evidence has been brought to and taken from the scene •the starting point for an investigation Court issued search warrant - Correct Answer-The best way to search any crime scene is with a: Primary crime scene - Correct Answer-Site of original activity Typically, but not always, more evidence is yielded Secondary crime scenes - Correct Answer-Any subsequent crime scenes Physical evidence - Correct Answer-Any material, however microscopic, solid, liquid, or gaseous that may aid in the determination of the truth during the investigation of a crime Identification characteristics - Correct Answer-Evidence which can positively identified with an individual or source, whenever sufficient quantities or identifiable markings are present, to the exclusion of all other sources Class characteristics - Correct Answer-Evidence that has the possibility of more than one source of the questioned material such as soil, paint chips, fibers, glass, hair, footwear, and tire impressions Sources of evidence - Correct Answer-•the scene •victim •suspect and their environment Types of evidence encountered frequently - Correct Answer-•prints •blood and body fluids •trace evidence •footwear impressions •tire impressions •transient victim injuries •weapons Evidence awareness - Correct Answer-a. Be aware that anything on or around the victim may be considered evidence. b. Whenever in doubt, save or treat an object as evidence. c. Record only the facts at the scene of a crime, and record them accurately. evaluating physical evidence possibilities - Correct Answer-a. Begins as soon as you arrive b. Ensure everyone considers the wide variety of possible evidence c. Prepare for the future d. Focus first on transient evidence value of physical evidence - Correct Answer-a. Can prove that a crime has or has not been committed. b. Can place suspect in contact with the victim or crime scene. c. Can establish identity of person associated with a crime. d. Can corroborate the victim's testimony. e. Cause suspects confronted with physical evidence to make admissions or even confess. f. Can be more reliable than eyewitnesses to a crime (pertinent negatives). g. The absence of physical evidence may provide useful information. h. Can assist in the development of MOs or show similar MOs. i. Can exonerate the innocent. Modus Operandi (MO) - Correct Answer-the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; a crime scene can provide insight into this organized crime scene - Correct Answer-Reflects a methodical, well-organized subject who leaves little physical evidence behind. The crime appears to be well thought-out. The subject is very comfortable with the location and surroundings. disorganized crime scene - Correct Answer-Reflects an opportunist, who happened upon the scene. The subject is usually very sloppy and leaves the scene in disarray with some physical evidence apparent. Although the crime might have been planned, the perpetrator did not plan well. The subject is not comfortable with the location or the surroundings. physical evidence is only useful if it is properly: - Correct Answer-a. Collected b. Protected c. Submitted evidence preservation - Correct Answer-•Respond to scene mentally prepared to use correct crime scene procedures •Secure the scene/Cordon off the area •Start a crime scene log •Investigate within your capability •Separate witnesses and suspects •Contact supervisor to request additional personnel as needed for back up, crowd control or specialized assistance, coroner, HazMat, EMS, etc. •If you are going to video the scene, be conscious of comments or turn off the audio. •Do not delete photos, even if they are of poor quality •Keep a photo log •Evidence must be in its original state upon arrival, a true and accurate representation of the scene, to be admitted in court •Get into the habit of entering doorways by touching areas that are less likely to be touched during the normal use of that door •Before entering, look to see what might be stepped on, but remember officer safety. •In order to make those impressions visible you place your light source at a 45 degree angle to the surface, a technique called "cross-lighting". Doing this allows you to observe possible evidence to avoid contaminating •Footwear evidence occurs most often as either footwear impressions left in a soft surface such as mud or dust deposits, which are difficult for the human eye to detect. Footwear evidence is one of the most overlooked forms of evidence. It seems difficult to understand why this is the case because subjects have to be walking at the scenes we encounter and subject tend to discard clothing following an incident, but keep their footwear. At least, footwear evidence can result in a class characteristic which could lead to additional circumstantial evidence •If you have no choice? Hug the walls like the tactical L approach, but for the purpose of protecting possible evidence on the floor without having to divert your attention. The purpose for this is to protect potential footwear evidence that has yet to be observed because of the nature of the incident. Once any concern for officer safety has diminished the officer can divert their attention to potential evidence on the floor documenting a crime scene - Correct Answer-a. Conduct your initial walk-through or with the individuals responsible for processing the scene. b. Document factual observations not opinions. Document your initial observations by utilizing all of your senses. What do you see, hear, feel, and smell? Make written notes and do not rely on your memory. c. Obtain information that may account for things in the scene, i.e., footwear impressions from first responders, discarded EMS equipment d. Note the environment, time, weather, etc. and any items moved or changed, by whom and why moved e. Determine if you need additional resources/assistance, either additional personnel, or assistance from other agency f. Remember the golden rule of crime scene management Fill the Frame - Correct Answer-the object you are photographing should completely fill the frame of your viewfinder including any scale eye level - Correct Answer-you should take photographs of a scene from: theory of transfer - Correct Answer-states that no one can enter a location without bringing something into the area and leaving some trace (evidence) behind and no one can exit a location without taking some trace (evidence) away golden rule of crime scene management - Correct Answer-you do not move or touch anything unless it is absolutely necessary exceptions to the golden rule of crime scene management - Correct Answer-(1) Officer safety and safety of others (2) If there is a chance that evidence may be destroyed if not moved immediately, i.e., if weather dictates removal or if there is a safety issue, the best way to search a scene is with a search warrant (3) Once all evidence has been documented, photographed, tagged and noted in an evidence log and on the crime scene sketch and it is ready for collection special notes to take about a crime scene - Correct Answer-a. Doors - open, closed or locked? On which side was the key? b. Windows - open or closed? Were they locked? c. Lights - On or off? Which lights were on? d. Shades, shutters, or blinds - Open or closed? e. Odors - odor of cigarette smoke, gas, powder, perfume, etc.? f. Signs of activity - Meal preparation, dishes in sink, toilet, house clean or dirty, etc.? g. Date and time indicators - mail, newspapers, dates on milk cartons, calendars, stopped clocks, spoiled food, Items that should have been hot or cold, but are at room temperature. general photos - Correct Answer-overall photos, for the outside and inside mid-range photos - Correct Answer-photographs of evidence with respect to other landmarks or evidence to show relationship. close up photos - Correct Answer-photographs of all evidence photographing evidence procedures - Correct Answer-(1) Photograph ASAP (2) Start Photo Log - first frame, settings, lens, etc. (3) DO NOT DELETE (out of focus etc.) (4) In its original place as you find it (5) To show relationship (6) Without a scale (7) With a scale, case number, date (8) Photograph clothing, personal items, etc. (9) Photograph things that look out of place (10) Do not hesitate to photograph something which has no apparent significance grid search - Correct Answer-two parallel searches offset by 90 degrees, performed one after the other; this type of search pattern can be used to accommodate most any size scene inward spiral search - Correct Answer-starts at the perimeter of the scene and works toward the center parallel search - Correct Answer-members of the team form a line at one end of the search area; they walk in a straight line, at the same speed, from one end of the crime scene to the other strip/line search - Correct Answer-dividing the crime scene into a series of lanes in which personnel search up and down the lanes until the scene is completely searched zone/sector search - Correct Answer-the crime scene team leader divides the crime scene into sectors or zones and each team member takes one sector; team members search their sector by the method most appropriate for that area progression of scene sketches - Correct Answer-(1) Lay out the basic perimeter. (2) Set forth fixed objects, furniture, etc. (3) Insert evidence as it is recovered. (4) Record the appropriate measurements. (5) Then mark the key, legend, compass orientation, etc. overview/bird's eye sketch - Correct Answer-simplest and most common sketch used in diagramming crime scenes; can be used in all crime scene situations where items of interest are located in one plane elevation sketch - Correct Answer-used when the vertical rather than the horizontal plane is of interest exploded/cross projection sketch - Correct Answer-similar to the floor plan sketch, except the walls have been folded down into the same plane as the floor; allows objects to be shown on the walls and floor in the same drawing necessary elements all sketches should contain - Correct Answer-(1) Legend. (2) All evidence marked with corresponding number or letter (3) Items with no evidentiary value labeled (4) Measurements to show relationship of the evidence. (5) Case information includes the case number, date of offense, type of crime (homicide, burglary, suicide, etc.), and it must also include the exact location such as the street address with the location like the SW corner of the vacant lot at 1234 Main Street, the GPS coordinates, etc. and the city or town, and state (to show jurisdiction). (6) NOT TO SCALE disclaimer (7) Directional North arrow indicator. (8) The name or initials of the person drawing the sketch. reasons to sketch a crime scene - Correct Answer-(1) To refresh the memories of personnel who investigated the scene. (2) To record the precise location of objects and potential evidence and their relative position to each other. (3) To create a mental picture for the prosecutor, judge and jury. (4) To help corroborate witnesses' testimony or statements. (5) To provide a permanent record of the scene as viewed by police personnel. (6) To supplement photographs. (7) To assist in the questioning of witnesses and suspects. qualified witness's testimony - Correct Answer-legally, for a sketch or diagram to be admissible in court, it must first be part of a: An accurate representation of the scene and the testimony before the court must be given by a competent witness, who has firsthand knowledge of the scene of the crime from the date/time the diagram was drawn - Correct Answer-in order for a sketch to be legally submitted as evidence in a court of law, it first must meet 2 basic qualifications: triangulation plotting method - Correct Answer-most common type of plotting method used; can be employed anywhere, indoors or outdoors. The method requires two fixed reference points to locate the position of objects rectangular coordinates plotting method - Correct Answer-requires two reference points at right angles to each other and is often used to locate objects in a room; two walls of the room serve as the lines and the distances are then measured from the object to each of the walls along a line perpendicular to the wall baseline plotting method - Correct Answer-requires measurements to be taken along and from a single reference line called the baseline; should be established by the use of a string, chalk line or some convenient means prior to any measurements being made. transient - Correct Answer-lasting only for a short time; impermanent What should be included when photographing injuries? - Correct Answer-(1) Full body (2) Body part (3) Specific area w/o scale (4) Specific area with scale special notes to take on victims at a crime scene - Correct Answer-(1) It's important to note any non-verbal ques the individuals do most often without even realizing what they are doing. (2) Condition of clothing (3) Visible injuries (4) Victim's hands for any defensive wounds or broken nails (5) Holding or rubbing their injuries (6) Complaints of pain (7) Difference in voice (8) Acting out what happened often mirrors the incident itself (9) People often do and say things for a reason (10) Get as much information from the victim as soon as possiblein case of debilitating non-visible injuries Impression Evidence - Correct Answer-Objects or materials that have retained the characteristics of other objects through direct contact Pattern injuries - Correct Answer-injuries that can tell a story and can often indicate the type of weapon used What should all photographs of vehicles include? - Correct Answer-(a) Vehicle location and surrounding landmarks (General) (b) All four sides (Midrange) (c) Vehicle license plate (Close up) (d) VIN (Close up) Fingerprint Evidence - Correct Answer-most positive form of ID; possible to leave at a scene even if wearing latex gloves Things to remember when collecting evidence - Correct Answer-a. Identify evidence to be collected and prioritize b. Collect evidence in the order of most to least transient c. Focus on easily accessible first d. Select search pattern and instruct others as needed e. Be aware of possible multiple scenes f. Determine appropriate packaging needs and ask the lab if unsure g. Maintain Chain of Custody h. Items in water MUST be kept in the same water and transported to lab in a water tight container DNA evidence - Correct Answer-biological evidence used to connect an offender conclusively to a crime; should be collected on the end of a swab footwear evidence - Correct Answer-evidence either left behind by shoes or feet tire evidence - Correct Answer-evidence left behind by or picked up by a driven vehicle How to package physical evidence - Correct Answer-a. Package most evidence separately (not necessary for latent prints) b. Collect evidence in the order of most to least transient c. ALWAYS keep victim, witness, and suspect DNA separate. Air dry swabs prior to packaging in paper. d. Package fired projectiles and casings so they won't get scratched (not in metal container) e. If wet clothing, put in paper bag inside an open bio bag, transport, and hang to dry. Keep transport bag and submit. f. Seal with tape not staples. Label, date and initial. g. Always use gloves, never touch your weapon if you are collecting GSR (Gun Shot Residue). h. Contact your lab if unsure how to collect. i. Preferably very carefully unload weapons, but may package in bag with weapon if lab allows. If not for some reason, clearly mark package "LOADED WEAPON" chain of custody - Correct Answer-the documented and unbroken transfer of evidence Basic Principles of Crime Scene Documentation, Collection, and Preservation - Correct Answer-a. Make sure that you are there lawfully. b. Properly secure the scene. c. Gather information and take detailed notes d. Photograph the scene as you saw it upon arrival e. Draw a sketch of the incident if applicable noting items of interest. f. Collect any evidence What to do when conducting a final scene survey - Correct Answer-a. Visually inspect the area and collect any remaining evidence b. Remove all equipment and trash generated during the investigation c. Secure any hazardous materials or conditions before leaving d. Release the scene according to your SOP (Standard Operating Procedure), IF you need to return you MUST get a WARRANT! e. Generate incident report/case file 6 primary law enforcement responsibilities at a HAZMAT scene - Correct Answer-1. Protect yourself. 2. Identify the problem. 3. Identify the material involved (if possible). 4. Determine the hazards. 5. Evacuate and secure the area. 6. Set up communications. Upwind; Uphill; Upstream - Correct Answer-how to approach a HAZMAT scene if possible class 1 HAZMAT - Correct Answer-explosives class 2 hazmat - Correct Answer-gases class 3 hazmat - Correct Answer-flammable liquids class 4 hazmat - Correct Answer-flammable solids class 5 hazmat - Correct Answer-oxidizers and organic peroxide class 6 hazmat - Correct Answer-toxic and infectious substances class 7 hazmat - Correct Answer-radioactive materials class 8 hazmat - Correct Answer-corrosives class 9 hazmat - Correct Answer-miscellaneous hazardous material - Correct Answer-any substance or material in any form or quantity that poses an unreasonable risk to safety, health, and property when transported in commerce blue hazmat diamond - Correct Answer-health hazards red hazmat diamond - Correct Answer-flammability hazards yellow hazmat diamond - Correct Answer-reactivity hazards white hazmat diamond - Correct Answer-special precautions/information Yellow section of DOT emergency response guidebook - Correct Answer-UN ID numbers listed numerically blue section of DOT emergency response guidebook - Correct Answer-chemical names listed alphabetically Orange section of DOT emergency response guidebook - Correct Answer-guide pages with precautionary information Green section of DOT emergency response guidebook - Correct Answer-table of evacuation/isolation distances and water reactive substances white section of DOT emergency response guidebook - Correct Answer-resources information Hazmat rule of thumb - Correct Answer-Extend one arm out and hold up your thumb, much like a hitchhiker would. Look down your outstretched arm towards the incident. Close one eye and look at your thumb. If any part of the incident scene can be seen around your thumb, you are too close to the incident and should back out. Shipping papers are required documents during the transportation of hazardous materials on: - Correct Answer-a. Highways. b. Railways. c. Waterways. d. Airways. NFPA 704 system - Correct Answer-used at fixed facilities or on free-standing structures such as stationary storage tanks 0 - Correct Answer-indicates a minor hazard in NFPA 704 system 4 - Correct Answer-indicates a major or severe hazard in NFPA 704 system shipping papers are required to document: - Correct Answer-a. Four digit United Nations (UN) number. b. Proper shipping name. c. DOT hazard Class. d. Packing group. e. Emergency contact number in top left-hand corner. f. Information describing the hazards of the material. where shipping papers can be located - Correct Answer-a. During highway transport, the shipping papers will be in the possession of the vehicle operator, or in a marked envelope in the cab. b. During railway transport, the shipping papers will be in the possession of the engineer of the train, or in a marked envelope in the engine. If the train has multiple engines pulling it, the shipping papers will be located in the engine closest to the freight cars. c. During waterway transport, the shipping papers will be in the wheelhouse or in the possession of a designee of the captain. d. During air transport, the shipping papers will be in the cockpit with the pilot. material safety data sheets - Correct Answer-fixed facility information sheets on specific chemicals that are stored or used at a facility PPE fit test procedures - Correct Answer-1. Invert the head harness straps backwards over the front of the facepiece. 2. Place the facepiece against your face, centering your chin in the chin cup. 3. Ensure that no hair comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and your skin. 4. Flip the head harness over your head. 5. Starting with the straps closest to your chin, tighten the facepiece straps evenly and simultaneously to the rear, working your way up to the strap on the top of the mask. 6. Once the mask has been tightened and fits securely on your face, place the palm of your hand over the bottom of the filter or filter port. 7. Inhale deeply to test the seal of the mask. 8. The mask should feel as if it is vacuum-sealed to your face and there is no air left in the mask for you to breath. 9. Release the pressure by removing your hand from the filter or filter port. 10. To remove the PPE mask, follow steps 1-5 in reverse order. Guide 111 - Correct Answer-HAZMAT Guide for when you have no information on a substance or mixed loads CHEMT