CBIS Exam Prep(Terms and other important info from The Essential Brain Injury Guide, Edition 5.0)Solved To Pass!!

lost productivity - Answer one measure of the cost to society due to injury or disease; includes the loss of wages a person would have earned if they had not become unemployable due to disability, loss of taxes contributing to economy, costs to the government of supporting the individual, etc.; lost productivity costs DO NOT include cost of treatment and support post-injury or illness acquired brain injury (ABI) - Answer An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma traumatic brain injury (TBI) - Answer an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force traumatic impact - Answer injuries resulting from contact (when head is struck by or against an object) traumatic intertial injuries - Answer injury to the brain not caused by impact but as a result of inertial forces, such as acceleration-deceleration forces closed injuries - Answer injury to the brain resulting in brain lacerations, contusions or intracerebral hemorrhage open injuries - Answer injury to the head in which there is a breach of the skull or a breach of the meninges penetrating brain injury - Answer any injury that involves the penetration of a foreign object, munitions, fragment, bone chip, etc. through the dura mater non-traumatic brain injury - Answer damage to the brain caused by internal factors, such as oxygen or nutrient deprivation to brain cells, exposure to toxins, pressure from a tumor or blockage, or other neurological disorder coup-contrecoup injury - Answer Coup injury: head injury that results from impact of a moving object--occurs at the site of impact Contrecoup effect: impact injury resulting from the moving head striking a stationary object--injury occurs at the side of the head opposite the point of impact primary injury - Answer initial cause of damage to the brain, from which injury severity ratings are obtainedsecondary injury - Answer pathophysiological events that occur following the initial primary injury to the brain loss of consciousness (LOC) - Answer temporary altered state, unlike sleep, when a person is unresponsive to stimuli; usually due to trauma, stroke, or other injury risk factors for brain injury - Answer injury severity age at injury alcohol misuse domestic violence service in the military participation in sports history of prior brain injury chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) - Answer a condition, diagnosed after death, relative to multiple concussions caused by significant force. A progressive degenerative disease, CTE is most often sustained by athletes participating in contact sports; may also be observed in domestic violence victims or abused children who have sustained numerous blows to the head neurogenic bladder - Answer a secondary condition caused when a TBI affects the cerebral structures controlling bladder storage and emptying functions spasticity - Answer involuntary, abnormal motor patterns; may interfere with a person's general functioning, self-care, and mobility activities of daily living (ADLs) - Answer dressing, eating, showering, toileting, walking post-traumatic immune paralysis - Answer acute period after sustaining significant bodily trauma, when the immune response is significantly impaired; frequently associated with the high prevalence of potentially life-threatening infections postinjury computed tomography (CT) - Answer a cross-sectional series of X-rays used to view body organs, allowing medical professionals to view the scans in multiple individual layers; some scans can be reconstructed into a 3D image magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Answer a technique that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues within the body diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) - Answer an MRI method that maps the diffusion of molecules, primarily water, in a person's body non-invasively acceleration-deceleration forces - Answer sudden impact following a high velocity of speed, frequently resulting in brain injury intracranial pressure (ICP) - Answer Pressure inside the skull from the brain and CSF. Pressure may vary due to production and absorption of CSF following ral hematoma (SDH) - Answer bleeding into the space between the dura mater and the arachnoid layers of the meninges hydrocephalus - Answer Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain diffuse axonal injury (DAI) - Answer brain injury occurring when the white matter tracts are stretched and broken, resulting in extensive, widespread damage hypoxia/anoxia - Answer decrease in/absence of oxygen getting to the brain; results in cell death major descending nerve tracts - Answer -anterior corticospinal tract -lateral corticospinal tract -rubrospinal tract -tectospinal tract major ascending nerve tracts - Answer -fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis -Lissauer's tract -anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts -spinothalamic tracts -spinoreticular tract -spinotectal tract neuroprotection - Answer preservation of neuronal functioning and structure; reducing the rate of neuronal loss over time; refers to the ability of a drug or biological agent to prevent brain cells from dying neuroplasticity - Answer the ability of the brain to change its structure or function due to the environment; refers to the ability of the nervous system to regenerate and reorganize itself, and to form new connections in order to compensate for injury or adapt to changes in the environment secondary injury cascad