REHS exam With Correct Answers

REHS exam 1. A factor or agent which increases the risk of cancer is known as a a. teratogen b. mutagen c. carcinogen d. fomite - ANS carcinogen;2. The four major causes of death among all age groups of Americans include all of the following except. a. homicide b. accidents c. malignant neoplasms d. heart disease - ANS homicide;3. In recent years, the largest number of rabies cases were associated with a. skunks b. bats c. dogs d. raccons. - ANS skunks;4. Asbestosis is caused by fine silicate fibers retained in the a. kidneys b. lungs c. colon d. abdomen - ANS lungs;5. An illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic product which is transmitted from a reservoir to a susceptible host either directly or indirectly is called a. an infectious disease b. a communicable disease c. a genetic disease d. a noncommunicable disease - ANS a communicable disease;6. Rocky mountain spotted fever is spread by a. flies b. spiders c. cockroaches d. ticks - ANS ticks;7. Mycotoxins are poisonous chemicals produced by a. bacteria b. vertebrates c. viruses d. fungi - ANS fungi;8. The study of the occurrence, frequency, and distribution of disease is a. entomology b. biology c. endocrinology d. epidemiology - ANS epidemiology;9. Which of the following organisms are most resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions and indicate past or possibly intermittent pollution? a. fecal streptococci b. escherichia coli c. aerobacter aerogenes d. clostridium sporulates - ANS clostridium sporulates;10. Engineering controls are a. controls that isolate or remove hazards from the work place b. less effective than good training c. the last option that should be considered d. less effective than personal protection processes - ANS controls that isolate or remove hazards from the workplace;11. Which of the following is not considered a satisfactory solution to the problem of chemical contamination in Well systems? a. abandoning the well b. boiling the water c. building a new, properly constructed, drilled well - ANS boiling the water;12. Which of the following chemicals is most widely used to destroy microorganisms? a. chlorine b. copper sulfate c. chloramine d. hydrogen sulfate - ANS chlorine;13. Which of the following is not a practical method for removal of cadmium? a. ion exchange b. lime softening c. reverse osmosis d. iron coagulation - ANS reverse osmosis;14. Which of the following is not a commonly accepted method of device to prevent backsiphonage? a. vacuum breakers b. cross-connections c. air gap separation d. back pressure units - ANS cross-connections;15. This substance is the first product of the decomposition of organic matter. Its presence in water usually Indicates "fresh pollution" of sanitary significance. What is it? a. ammonia b. sugar c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogen sulfide - ANS ammonia;16. One of the most common reasons for the contamination of wells drilled through rock, clay, or hardpan is a. seepage of pollutants through soil b. failure to seal well casings properly c. porosity of the rock d. use of inferior quality well casings - ANS failure to seal well casings properly;17. In emergencies, small quantities of water can be disinfected by boiling or using a. aluminum salts b. tincture of iodine c. salt tablets d. direct exposure to sunlight for 22 hours - ANS tincture of iodine;18. Back flow of nonpotable materials into the potable water system may occur by a. back pressure b. backsiphonage c. vacuum in the volume d. a and b above - ANS a and b above;19. Which of the following statements should not be a consideration in locating a groundwater supply? a. the probable travel of pollution through the ground b. the well construction practices and standards c. the sanitary seal provided at the point where the pump lines pass out of the casing d. the distance that the water will need to travel - ANS the distance that the water will need to travel;20. It is known that some common pathogenic organisms found in wastewater will survive more than ____ of harsh temperature extremes a. 2 months b. 5 months c. 2 years d. 5 years - ANS 2 years;21. A storm sewer is used to a. remove rain or other standing surface water b. remove sewage and storm water c. remove household water waste and gutter drain water d. remove non-toxic, non-hazardous wastewater - ANS remove rain or other standing surface water;22. Stream pollution is sometimes apparent by a. increased levels of available oxygen in the water b. a zone of degradation c. large numbers of crayfish and cristivomer species d. large numbers of small fish - ANS a zone of degradation;23. If the septic tank will also have a garbage disposal unit feeding into it a. the size of the tank would be increased by 50 percent b. the tank should have an agiator c. the tank should not be equipped with a gas baffle d. the tank should not be constructed with precast concrete - ANS the size of the tank would be increased by 50 percent;24. How often should a septic tank for a private home be serviced? a. every year b. every 5 to 10 years c. every 3 to 5 years d. every 10 years - ANS every 3 to 5 years;25. Plants absorb certain constituents of wastewater, using wastewater for irrigation of consumable plant products may present a health hazard to humans if the water contains a. nitrates b. iron c. cadmium d. chlorides - ANS cadmium;26. A measure of the relativity constant rate at which clear water, maintained at a relatively constant depth, will seep out of a standard size test hole that has been previously saturated is the a. hydraulic conductivity b. soil permeability test c. soil percolation test d. Baird-Parker saturation test - ANS soil percolation test;27. The ability of a soil to absorb and allow water and air to pass through is related to all of the following except a. chemical composition b. texture c. cation exchange capacity d. granular structure - ANS cation exchange capacity;28. Bacteria that require oxygen for their growth are called a. anaerobic bacteria b. aerobic bacteria c. viruses d. fungi - ANS aerobic bacteria;29. The examination of the stool for cysts and/or ova is the common diagnosis for which food borne pathogen? A. Parasitic infections B. Viral infections C. Bacterial infections D. Non-infectious agents E. None of the above - ANS parasitic infections;30. If you are counseling a pregnant patient, what foods should she avoid to decrease her risk for listeriosis? A. Honey B. Fresh soft cheese C. Sauerkraut D. Cooked mushrooms E. Caffeine - ANS fresh soft cheese;31. Which scenario(s) may present a risk to immunocompromized patients. A. Animals in the Home Use B. Coming in contact with individuals after they have been given a live virus vaccine. C. Eating raw oysters D. Drinking non-pasteurized juices or unchlorinated water E. All of the above - ANS all of the above;32. What food borne illness may present with chocolate-brown colored blood? A. Nitrite poisoning B. Organophosphate poisoning C. Botulism D. Mercury poisoning E. Tin poisoning - ANS nitrite poisoning;33. Approximately how many people die per year in the U.S. of food-borne illness? A. 5,000 B. 100 C. 9,000 D. 100,000 E. 50 - ANS 5,000;34. In the U.S. the pioneering Pure Food and Drug Act was passed in 1906 stimulated by journalistic exposures of inferior conditions in the food industry and by Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel titled? A. Silent Spring B. The Coming Plague C. To Kill a Mockingbird D. The Jungle E. The Catcher in the Rye - ANS The Jungle;35. Which bacteria in large numbers can survive extended storage in cheddar cheese? a) Salmonella b) Brucella sp. c) Shigella d) Clostridium perfringens - ANS Salmonella;36. Which of the following is non-toxic to aquatic organisms, a good viricide, and adds oxygen to treated wastewater effluents? a. ozone b. calcium hypochlorine c. sulfur dioxide d. chlorine dioxide - ANS ozone;37. The typical limitation of use of the septic tank absorption field system is due to a. cost b. land use considerations c. soil type and size requirements d. appearance - ANS soil type and size requirements;38. Which of the following is true about disposal of animal wastes? a. If wet manure is plowed under, fly eggs present will not hatch. b. Composting of manure takes advantage of the inclination that larvae move out and away from moist manure in search of a dry place to pupate. c. Where a small number of animals are kept, the manure should be collected once a week. d. Odors associated with the handling and disposal of these wastes do not determine the disposal method or its location. - ANS composting of manure takes advantage of the inclination that larvae move out and away from moist manure in search of a dry place to pupate;39. Resource recovery and reduction of solid wastes should start a. at the point of generation b. at the sanitary landfill c. in the home d. at the transfer station - ANS at the point of generation;40. ______can be recovered from refuse by burning it in a refractory lined incineration or water-wall incinerator. a. glass b. aluminum c. ferrous metal d. energy - ANS energy;41. Incinerators are rated in terms of a. percent fuel capacity per day b. BTU's per day c. tons of burnable waste per day d. cubic feet of solid waste per day. - ANS tons of burnable waste per day;42. The three essentials for combustion in an incinerator are a. temperature, time and heat b. time, temperature and moisture c. temperature, heat and fuel d. time, temperature and turbulence - ANS time, temperature and turbulence;43. The second step of the combustion process in an incinerator requires a high temperature of at least a. 1500o to 1600oF b. 1500o to 1800o F c. 1900o to 2000o F d. 1800o to 1900o F - ANS 1500 to 1800 F;44. A landfill site should not a. be located near a major highway b. be given and attractive entrance and approach road c. house equipment on site d. be inexcessible during bad weather conditions - ANS be inexcessible during bad weather conditions;45. Determining what a landfill can be used for when completed should be planned a. when the landfill is half full b. before you build the landfill c. when the landfill is full d. any time during the operation of the landfill - ANS before you build the landfill;46. Hazardous waste is governed by the a. Clean Air Act b. Occupational Safety and Health Act c. Resource and Conservation and Recovery Act d. Food and Drug Act - ANS Resource and Conservation and Recovery Act;47. Which of the following is not a characteristic of hazardous waste? a. ignitability b. corrosivity c. reactivity d. combustibility - ANS combustibility;48. The EPA requires that dioxin-bearing wastes be ________ destroyed or reduced before disposal in a secure hazardous waste landfill. a. 99.99 percent b. 95.00 percent c. 99.9999 percent d. 0.05 percent - ANS 99.9999 percent;49. When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called? a. commensalism b. synergism c. magnification d. multiplication - ANS synergism;50. Air is vital to existence. In fact, humans breathe in a day's time an average of a. 3 to 4 pounds of air b. 35 pounds of air c. 37 pounds of air d. 1600 ft of air - ANS 1600 ft of air;51. Ozone reduces the useful life of all of the following except a. rubber b. textiles c. dyes d. nylon - ANS nylon;52. Major effects on humans are caused by Los Angeles and London type smog, along with what two pollutants? a. sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride b. sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide c. hydrogen sulfide and peroxacyl nitrates d. ozone and nitrogen dioxide - ANS sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride;53. Photochemical smog has been reported in congested areas with a. large industries b. chemical processing plants c. industries processing hazardous wastes d. high motor vehicle traffic - ANS high motor vehicle traffic;54. _________have been known to cause crippling skeletal damage to cattle through ingested contaminated vegetation. a. sulfides b. fluorides c. nitrates d. chlorides - ANS fluorides;55. What size particle can reach the lowest parts of the lung? a. 10 microns b. 25 microns c. 2.5 microns d. any size particle - ANS 2.5 microns;56. Street dust would be considered what type of pollution? a. paradox pollutant b. fugitive pollutant c. uncontrolled pollutant d. laps rate - ANS fugitive pollutant;57. A primary pollutant is a. one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation, and photochemistry b. one that is found in the atmosphere due to natural reactions c. one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists - ANS one that is found in the atmosphere due to natural reactions;58. How are total suspended particles measured? a. flame photometry and weighing b. gas filtration c. flame ionization d. collection and weighing - ANS collection and weighing;59. Which of the following inversions develop at night under conditions of relatively clear skies and very light winds? a. subsidence inversion b. frontal inversion c. radiational inversion d. stack emission inversion - ANS radiational inversion;60. The pitch of a sound is determined primarily by a. frequency b. wavelengths c. sound pressure d. all of the above - ANS frequency;61. The distance that a sound wave travels in on cycle of period is the a. sound intensity b. wavelength of the sound c. sound pressure d. frequency - ANS wavelength of the sound;62. The speed with which sound travels through a particular medium is dependent on a. the compressibility of the medium b. the density of the medium c. the compressibility and density of the medium d. none of the above - ANS the density of the medium;63. A __________is a dimensionless unit to express physical intensity or sound pressure levels. a. noise level b. decibel c. hertz d. sound pressure level (SPL) - ANS decibel;64. If 10 decibels is 10 times more intense than one decibel, how many times more intense in 20 decibels than one decibel? a. 20 b. 30 c. 100 d. 1000 - ANS 100;65. The first Federal standards for occupational exposure to noise were issued by a. the Department of Transportation b. the Federal Aviation Administration c. the Department of Housing and Urban Development d. the Department of Labor - ANS the Department of Labor;66. The shorter the wave length a. the higher the frequency and lower the energy b. the lower the frequency and energy c. the lower the frequency and higher the energy d. the higher the frequency and energy - ANS the higher the frequency and energy;67. The roentgen is a measure of the ionization in air produced by exposure to a. x-rays or gamma rays b. alpha particles c. beta particles d. all of the above - ANS x-rays or gamma rays;68. The term "rad" means a. required administered dose b. radiation admitted dose c. roentgen absorbed dose d. radiation absorbed dose - ANS radiation absorbed dose;69. The term "half-value layer" (HVL) is used to designate the thickness of a particular material that will reduce by ½ the intensity of radiation passing through the material. Beta radiation is commonly eliminated by a. lead b. concrete c. glass of plastic d. aluminum - ANS glass of plastic;70. The annual cost attributable to foodborne illnesses in the US is estimated to be a. $1.2 million to $5 million per year b. $5 trillion per year c. $10 million to $15 million per year d. $1 billion to $10 billion per year - ANS $1 billion to $10 billion per year;71. In order to simplify cleanliness, window sills should be sloped toward the room and down at an angle of _______degrees. a. 30 b. 20 c. 80 d. 40 - ANS 30;72. Which would be the least effective method of controlling condensation of moisture in food prep areas? a. increase air temperature b. decrease humidity of air c. increase temperature of cold surfaces d. cool the air - ANS increase air temperature;73. Vegetative forms of Clostridium botulinum spores are killed in a. 10 to 15 minutes at 176oF b. 10 to 15 minutes at 80o F c. 1 minute at 250oF d. 10 to 15 minutes at 230oF - ANS 10 to 15 minutes at 176 F;74. Which bacteria in large numbers can survive extended storage in cheddar cheese? a. Salmonela b. Brucella sp. c. Shigella d. Clostridium perfringens - ANS Salmonella;75. A solution of malachite mixed with ground meat will turn ______ if sodium sulfite has been added to preserve or mask decomposition of the meat. a. pale green b. bright red c. bright yellow d. dark brown - ANS bright red;76. A primary responsibility of food service management is a. trust and delegation of responsibilities b. recognition of sanitary inspections c. approval and provisions for legal responsibilities d. education and supervision of employes - ANS education and supervision of employees;77. The quality of milk reaching the ultimate consumer is largely determined a. at the plant where processing and handling occurs b. at the farm where the milk is produced c. by the USDA through stringent testing and laboratory analysis d. by the FDA in accordance with federal regulations - ANS at the farm where the milk is produced;78. Dairy equipment can be disinfected with a chlorine solution of a. 20 mg/l b. 2 mg/l c. 200 mg/l d. 220 mg/l - ANS 200 mg/I;79. After milk is pasteurized, it should be rapidly cooled to below _____ so that _____. a. 45o F; any remaining bacteria will be killed by rapid temperature change b. 40o F; molecular activity in any remaining organisms will be stopped c. 40o F; lactic acid bacteria will be slowed in reproduction d. 45o F; the remaining bacteria will not materially increase - ANS 45 F; any remaining bacteria will be killed by rapid temperature change;80. Hot water for the sanitizing of assembled equipment is not to be cooler than _____ at the end of the system. a. 170o F for 5 minutes b. 180oF for 5 minutes c. 185o F for 5 minutes d. 187o F for 5 minutes - ANS 170 F for 5 minutes;81. Food inspection programs of the future will focus increasingly on a. hazard analysis and critical control point evaluations b. more frequent inspections c. more rigid enforcement of all rules d. increased food handler exams - ANS hazard analysis and critical control point evaluations;82. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was first identified as a pathogen during the investigation of two outbreaks in what two states? a. Washington and Illinois b. Minnesota and Kentucky c. Texas and Iowa d. Oregon and Michigan - ANS Oregon and Michigan;83. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 has become a. less of a problem due to antibiotics b. a particular problem for producers and users of ground beef c. a minor threat to children d. not a threat to the elderly - ANS a particular problem for producers and users of ground beef;84. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 can be found thriving in the a. intestines of man and animals b. water c. soil d. air - ANS intestines of man and animals;85. Listeriosis is a a. skin irritation caused by contact with cold products b. serious infection caused by food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes c. disease caused by exposure to lysolic agents d. disease that attacks people in their early 20's - ANS a serious infection caused by food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes;86. Stong emphasis is placed on the control of shellfish because a. shellfish can transmit a number of infectious diseases such as dysentery, infectious hepatitis, cholera and typhoid fever b. seafood is in popular demand c. the shellfish population is decreasing due to water pollution d. a great number of shellfish are bought and sold illegally - ANS shellfish can transmit a number of infectious diseases such as dysentery, infectious hepatitis, cholera and typhoid fever;87. Oysters grow best in water with a salinity of a. 0.42 to 0.72 b. 0.24 to 0.27 c. 2.5 percent d. greater than 0.31 - ANS 0.24 to 0.27;88. Oysters grow best at what pH and temperature? a. 6.2 to 6.4 and 37o F b. 6.2 to 6.8 and 41o F c. 6.4 to 7.0 and 45o F d. 6.0 to 6.9 and 32o F - ANS 6.2 to 6.8 and 41 F;89. Oyster shell stock or shucked oysters sampled at the source should not have MPNB of _________ or more fecal coliform per 100 grams of shellfish. a. 240 b. 230 c. 235 d. 250 - ANS 240;90. To prepare a solution of 100 mg per liter available chlorine, _____ of 5.25% bleach with one gallon of water should be used. a. 0.5 oz. b. 1.0 oz. c. 0.33 oz. d. 0.25 oz. - ANS 0.25 oz;91. Some studies indicate that swimmers have a higher over-all illness rate than do non-swimmers a. regardless of bathing water quality b. due to poor regulatory practice c. if they are over 50 years of age d. if they swim in pools - ANS regardless of bather water quality;92. Swimming pool water clarity is measured in terms of a. NTU b. Sacchi readings c. JTU d. Jackson Units - ANS NTU;93. A pool filtration system should filter the entire volume of water every __________. a. 2 to 3 hours b. 6 to 8 hours c. 10 to 12 hours d. 12 to 24 hours - ANS 6 to 8 hours;94. The rate of filtration should be _________ for a diatomite filter. a. 15 to 20 gpm/ft2 b. 3 to 5 gpm/ft2 c. 1 to 2 gpm/ft2 d. 3 gpm/ft2 - ANS 1 to 2 gpm/ft2;95. The gutters or skimmers receive a minimum of _________ of the total pool water due to the large quantity of organisms and materials which typically float. a. 95% b. 45% c. 60% d. 30% - ANS 60%;96. The recommended and most effective method of maintaining pool water quality is a. super-chlorination b. intermittent circulation, chlorination, and filtration c. continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration d. chlorination - dechlorination - ANS continuous recirculation, chlorination, and filtration;97. A pH between ____ and ____ is optimal pH control for eye irritation, but is not optimal for chlorine effectiveness. a. 7.5 - 7.6 b. 7.0 - 7.1 c. 7.2 - 7.3 d. 7.9 - 8.0 - ANS 7.9 to 8.0;98. To raise pH, add a. chlorine b. muriatic acid c. soda ash d. sulfuric acid - ANS soda ash;99. To mix acid and water always a. add water to acid b. add acid to water c. add soda ash to acid d. stir while pouring water into the acid - ANS add acid to water;100. "Swimmers itch" is also known as a. gastroenteritis b. trichinosis c. schistosomiasis d. leptospirosis - ANS schistosomiasis;101. Rodents are the primary reservoir/host of the hantavirus. In particular, _______ appears to be the primary Reservoir for the newly recognized (1993) hantavirus in the southeastern US. a. rat b. rabbit c. house mouse d. deer mouse - ANS deer mouse;102. Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as a. 1 week b. 3 months c. 4 weeks d. 2 days - ANS 4 weeks;103. Pediculosis is an infestation of a. chiggers b. mites c. lice d. roaches - ANS lice;104. ___________is an infectious disease of the skin caused by burrowing of the female mite into the skin where it deposits its eggs. a. tularemia b. scabies c. psittacosis d. pediculosis - ANS scabies;105. Rattus Rattus is also referred to as the a. house rat b. norway rat c. roof rat d. all of the above - ANS roof rat;106. Psittacosis/Ornithosis is spread by a. bats b. shellfish c. rodents d. pigeons - ANS pigeons;107. In general, there are three kinds of weeds. These are a. srads, clowds, and mullahs b. bronzes, slorles, and direals c. annuals, biennials, and perennials d. milkweeds, bindweeds, and perennials - ANS annuals, biennials, and perennials;108. A pollen count index of less than _____ pollen grains/m3 of air in a 24 hour period is considered practically free of ragweed contamination. a. 1 b. 5 c. 20 d. 40 - ANS 5;109. A minimum of _____ of sleeping area per person is required in the APHA appraisal method. a. 10ft2 b. 20ft2 c. 40 ft2 d. 60 ft2 - ANS 40 ft2;110. The ASHRAE recommended minimal thermal standard for dwellings is ___________ F at 40% humidity and an air circulation rate of 45 fpm. a. 57oF b. 60oF c. 68oF d. 76oF - ANS 76 F;111. The drain line of an ice machine should connect to the sewer system through a. a grease trap b. a direct connection below floor level c. an open receptacle with an air gap d. a backflow preventer properly vented - ANS an open receptacle with an air gap;112. Nosocomial infections are a recurring problem in a. food establishments b. hospitals c. swimming pools d. health spas - ANS hospitals;113. Minimum wash water temperature in a hospital laundry is a. 146 to 150oF b. 160 to 167oF c. 170 to 178oF d. 185 to 196oF - ANS 160 to 167 F;114. Lead levels exceeded 10ug/dL in ____ U.S. children aged 6 and under in 1990 a. 300,000 b. 3,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 3,000,000 - ANS 3,000,000;115. Most urban dwellers spend what percent of their total time indoors a. 10 to 20% b. 25 to 50% c. 80 to 90% d. 70 to 80% - ANS 80 to 90%;116. Which of the following is the primary cause of indoor air quality problems> a. inadequate ventilation b. contaminated outside air c. radon d. ragweed - ANS inadequate ventilation;117. Radon is detected in a home through the use of instrumentation that measures a. geiger rays b. beta particles c. alpha particles d. UV rays - ANS alpha particles;118. To prevent chimney backdrafts, the chimney must be constructed ___ inches above the highest point of the roof at a minimum a. 4 inches b. 8 inches c. 24 inches d. 48 inches - ANS 24 inches;119. A biohazard is a. any material that negatively impacts a biological organism b. a material of biological composition, especially if ineffective, that constitutes a threat to man or his environment c. a chemical that constitutes a threat to man or his environment d. any virus that causes fatal disease - ANS any material that negatively impacts a biological organism;120. The control of bloodborne pathogens is regulated by a. OSHA b. USDA c. NIH d. CDC - ANS OSHA;121. Muerto Canyon Virus (MCV) is a hantavirus mainly carried by a. woodchucks b. beavers c. deer mice d. skunks - ANS deer mice;122. The Muerto Canyon Virus causes disease of the _____ in humans. a. lungs b. kidneys c. intestine d. brain - ANS lungs;123. Universal precautions refer to a. specific respiratory protection used in hospitals b. an infection control measure in which all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious c. procedures used when handling hazardous wastes d. none of the above - ANS an infection control measure in which all humans blood and certain body fluids are treated as infectious;124. Herpesvirus simiae (B-virus) is naturally occurring in certain species of monkeys namely the macaque. The highest risk of humans acquiring this virus is from a. primary cell cultures b. the bite of a macaque c. aerosol exposure to saliva and urine d. mouth pipetting in the laboratory - ANS the bite of a macaque;125. The purpose of the National Environmental Policy Act is to a. encourage productive and enjoyable interaction between humans and the environment b. encourage measures that prevent or eliminate damage to the environment c. encourage greater understanding of the environment d. all of the above - ANS all of the above;126. An "environmental assessment" developed under NEPA is a. an environmental evaluation dealing with fish b. a concise public document for which a Federal agency is responsible c. a public document of environmental concern dealing with acid rain only d. an environmental evaluation dealing with air pollution control - ANS a concise public document for which a Federal agency is responsible;127. An environmental impact statement should contain all of the following except a. project description and land use relationships b. probable impact of the proposed action on the environment c. probable adverse environmental effects which can be avoided d. relationship between local short term uses of the environment and enhancement of long term productivity - ANS probable adverse environmental effects which can be avoided;128. Sanitarians, environmental health scientists, and other environmental specialists must obtain which of the following minimum educational requirements? a. an associate degree in environmental health b. an associate degree in science c. a baccalaureate degree d. a master's degree - ANS a baccalaureate degree;129. The random inspection approach a. averages out in the end b. fails to focus on recurring problem establishments c. is the most comprehensive d. alleviates staff shortage - ANS fails to focus on recurring problem establishments;130. Natural disaster victims should be provided with _____ of water per day. a. 1 to 3 gallons b. 3 to 6 gallons c. 6 to 9 gallons d. water is not necessary for this population - ANS 3 to 6 gallons;131. A quantity of _____ liquid bleach (household) can be used to treat 1000 gallons of water for drinking. a. 2 quarts b. 2 pints c. 1 pint d. 0.5 quarts - ANS 2 pints;132. When treating water with chlorine in emergency situation, the chlorine dosage should be _____ when the water is turbid of colored. a. tripled b. discontinued c. decreased d. doubled - ANS doubled;133. HAZWOPER requirements apply to a. voluntary clean ups at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites b. routine sanitary sewer operations c. small quantity generators of hazardous waste d. water treatment plant operators - ANS voluntary clean ups at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites;134. OSHA regulations other than HAZWOPER apply to emergency response and hazardous waste operations if they are a. less stringent b. more stringent c. endorsed by FDA d. known by the site supervisor - ANS more stringent;135. Those who work on uncontrolled hazardous waste sites are required to receive a minimum of _____ training. a. 20 hours b. 4 hours c. 40 hours d. 100 hours - ANS 40 hours;136. A medical surveillance program must be provided to workers at hazardous waste sites by the a. workers health insurance b. OSHA c. Federal government d. employer - ANS employer;137. Emergency shelters should provide a minimum of ____ per person. a. 30 sq. ft2 per person b. 20 sq. ft2 per person c. overcrowding will not be a concern during a disaster d. none of the above - ANS 30 sq. ft2 per person;138. The provisions of the CFR Part 1910 of Title 29 "Bloodborne Pathogens" are under the authority of a. United States Public Health Service b. Department of Health and Human Services c. Justice Department d. Department of Labor - ANS Department of Labor;139. Soil moisture of about 30% to 45% of saturation is the best for survival of pathogens. - ANS False;140. Coliform, on soil surfaces, may survive up to 38 days. - ANS True;141. Ascaris ova may survive up to 7 hours in moist, warm soil. - ANS False;142. It is believed that the ingestion of one virus particle can cause infection in humans - ANS True;143. Toxins that attack nerves are referred to as enterotoxin. - ANS False;144. Urine is usually sterile, except for urinary schistosomiasis, typhoid, and leptospirosis carriers - ANS True;145. Onchocerciasis is a rare illness found in some third world countries - ANS False;146. Food poisoning from Staphylococcus aureus can be prevented by thoroughly cooking foods that have been properly handled and then through appropriate time temperature control of the finished product. - ANS True;147. Some of the prime sources of Giardia lamblia cysts are humans, beavers, muskrats and domestic animals - ANS True;148. The disease caused by Legionella pneumophila was found to originate in the tanks or water closets in older hotels. - ANS False;149. Harsh Miasma is another name for the disease known as Legionella. - ANS False;150. House mice may carry the disease lymphocytic choriomeningitis. - ANS True;151. Tularemia is often transmitted to humans by dogs. - ANS False;152. Rats are one of the seven animals most likely to carry rabies. - ANS False;153. A vaccinated dog or cat bitten by or exposed to a rabid bat should be confined for 4 months or destroyed. - ANS False;154. Household hazardous waste is regulated like any other hazardous waste. - ANS False;155. PCB waste collected from households is exempt from disposal regulations. - ANS False;156. Support of household hazardous waste management is an avenue for industries to paint themselves as community leaders and defenders of the environment. - ANS True;157. Funding for the collection, storage and disposal of household hazardous waste always comes directly from the individuals who generate waste. - ANS False;158. Household hazardous waste is not exempt from DOT regulations when shipped to a disposal facility - ANS True;159. Household hazardous waste disposal bids should be evaluated solely on the basis of price. - ANS False;160. The state or federal regulatory agency with jurisdiction should never be consulted when conducting a suitability audit of a waste disposal company - ANS False;161. Well placed, existing solid waste collection areas are good choices for household hazardous waste collection sites. - ANS True;162. A permanent facility for collecting and storing household waste should be located away from residential areas and places of public gathering. - ANS True;163. A household hazardous waste management program draws much of its strength from informed and concerned citizens - ANS True;164. The precise levels at which specific pollutants become a health hazard are relatively easy to establish by existing surveillance systems. - ANS False;165. A deterioration in the ozone layer of the stratosphere can cause an increase in ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth. - ANS True;166. Chlorofluorocarbons increase the amount of ozone in the atmosphere. - ANS False;167. Pollutants may be in the form of microorganisms - ANS True;168. Particulates larger than 10 microns can penetrate easily into the respiratory tract. - ANS False;169. Transportation is the largest source of air pollution. - ANS True;170. Sounds with a frequency of 30 hertz (Hz) are considered very low pitch - ANS True;171. The frequency of a sound determines its pitch. - ANS True;172. In general terms, it is safe to assume that any two identical sound levels will have the effect of increasing the overall level by 10 dB - ANS False;173. Almost all sound contains multiple frequencies. - ANS True;174. Bacteria and spores are considered a natural source of air pollution. - ANS True;175. Any person bitten by a bat should receive antirabies therapy unless the bat is caught and found to be negative for the rabies virus. - ANS True;176. Malaria carrying mosquitoes lead to approximately how many deaths per year worldwide? A. 100,000 B. 1 million C. 6 million D. 17 million - ANS 1 million;177. In 1850 he was appointed chairman of a committee to study Massachusetts' sanitary problems. The committee prepared a paper titled "Report of the Sanitary Commission of Massachusetts" which was revolutionary and still bear's relevance today. Who was he? A. Lemuel Shattuck B. Edwin Chadwick C. Joseph Lister D. Edward Jenner E. Anton Van Leeuwehoek - ANS Lemuel Shattuck;178. Which of the following provides important clues to the possible etiology of a food associated illness? A. Incubation B. Duration of illness C. Predominant clinical signs and symptoms (i.e. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain) D. Travel history E. All of the above - ANS All of the above;179. Who developed a matrix in 1968 that can be used to analyze an injury event? A. William Haddon B. Hugh de Haven C. Hans Selye D. Bernadino Ramazzini E. Percevil Potts - ANS William Haddon;180. With respect to injury, which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Lower socioeconomic groups are less likely to be injured B. Farming is an extremely dangerous occupation C. Automobile crashes are the leading cause of death in 16-25 year olds D. Alcohol is involved in approximately 50% of automobile crashes E. Teenage males have a higher risk of injury than teenage females - ANS Lower socioeconomic groups are less likely to be injured;181. What specific temperature considerations must be taken by a restaurant concerning hot and cold foods? A. Above 98 degrees F for hot and below 40 degrees for cold B. Just above boiling for hot and below freezing for cold C. Above 135 degrees F for hot and below 41 degrees F for cold D. Above 160 degrees F for hot and below 30 degrees F for cold E. None of the above - ANS above 135 degrees F for hot and below 41 degrees for cold;182. If a food borne illness is suspected, which of the following should be considered? A. Submit appropriate specimens for laboratory testing B. Contact the state or local health department C. Initiate oral rehydration therapy D. Collect a detailed history of food consumption for the past 72 hours Especially the past 12 hours. E. All of the Above - ANS all of the above;183. The number of persons developing a condition (i.e. injury, disease) divided by the total number of persons at risk per unit of time is the: A. Prevalence rate B. Incidence rate C. Attribute risk ratio D. Case fatality ratio E. Odds ratio - ANS incidence rate;184. The Aedes Aegypti mosquito transmits this disease. Walter Reed and Carlos Findlay are credited with identifying the mode of transmission. A. Yellow Fever B. Malaria C. Lyme disease D. African Sleeping Sickness E. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - ANS yellow fever;186. What is the most likely food or water associated agent associated with persistent diarrhea (i.e., lasting >14 DAYS)? A. Giardia lamblia B. Shigella species C. Campylobacter jejuni D. Vibrio cholerae E. E Coli - ANS giardia lamblia;187. Who was the person who believed that cholera was transmitted through contaminated water? He carried out what we call "shoe leather epidemiology" going house-to-house counting all deaths from cholera. He demonstrated the mode of transmission about 30 years before Koch isolated and identified the cholera vibrio. A. James Lind B. Edward Jenner C. Joseph Lister D. John Snow E. C.E. Koop - ANS John Snow;188. The cancer responsible for the greatest number of deaths in the United States is: A. Breast B. Colon C. Skin D. prostate E. Lung - ANS lung;189. Which of the following food-associated diseases and conditions is NOT designated as notifiable at the national level? A. Botulism B. Staphylococcal food poisoning C. Trichinosis D. Hepatitis A E. Suspected bioterrorism using food as a vehicle - ANS Suspected bioterrorism using food as a vehicle;190. A tragic example of a chronic carrier state is Mary Mallon, a cook in New York City, circa 1900. She is remembered for transmitting what organism? A. Salmonella typhi B. Legionella pneumonphilia C. Shigella dysentariae D. Hemophilius influenzae E. Clostridium botulinum - ANS salmonelle typhi;Psittacosis - ANS Birds;Listeria infection, especially a problem for pregnant women - ANS Soft cheese;Toxoplasmosis, especially a problem for pregnant women - ANS Cats;Brucellosis - ANS Cows;Vibrio Vulnificus - ANS Shellfish;196. In the end, the majority of health policies and/or health laws are developed and finalized on the basis of: A. Basic scientific research data B. Cost effectiveness and ease and administration C. The U.S. Surgeon General D. Primarily the public opinion of the majority E. Compromise through the political process - ANS Compromise the political process;197. Of the following, the most effective way of understanding the pathway of health policy development is to: A. Ask your personal health care provider B. Track the political entities that are backing the policy and have jurisdiction over establishing the policy C. Read the newspaper, Newsweek, Time, etc. D. Pick out a good news commentator and follow their analysis E. Call the Republican, Democratic, and other political parties and ask for their analysis of the policy development. - ANS Track the political entities that are backing the policy and have jurisdiction over establishing the policy;198. Diseases that can be transmitted by animals to humans are referred to as _____________diseases. A. Veterinarian B. Virulent C. Hydrophobic D. Zoonotic E. Aquatic - ANS Zoonotic;199. Infections acquired in the hospital are referred to as__________infections. A. Community B. Nosocomial C. Resistant D. Idiopathic E. Pyrogenic - ANS nosocomial;200. Five persons had the following five different diseases. Which one was least likely to transmit the disease to someone else? A. Person with influenza B. Person with scarlet fever C. Person with gonorrhea D. Person with trichinosis E. Person with bacillary dysentery - ANS person with trichinosis;201. A long latency period does which of the following? A. Make it easier to determine risk factors B. Obscure the link between exposure and disease C. Provide more time for investigation D. Make the resulting disease very mild E. Are typically single exposures - ANS obscure the link between exposure and disease;202. What is the most dangerous organism to humans, which is harbored in the intestine of bovines? A. Salmonella B. Neisseria C. Trichinella D. E. Coli 0157:H7 E. Shigella - ANS E. Coli 0157:H7;203. In 1962 which author published the book Silent Spring? (Hint: This person was a biologist and the book Silent Spring focused on the detrimental effects of DDT, especially on birds of prey). A. Joseph Lister B. Rachel Carson C. Charles Darwin D. William Haddon E. Gale Ann Norton - ANS Rachel Carson;204. Which of the food borne pathogens can be prevented by vaccination? A. Cyclospora cayetanesis B. Campylobacter jejuni C. Hepatitis A virus D. E. Coli 0157:H7 E. Clostridium Botulinum - ANS Hepatitis A virus;211. Legionnaire's disease is caused by A. A Gram-negative bacterium B. Sexual activities of Legionnaires C. Noise pollution D. A spirochete E. A fungus - ANS A gram-negative bacterium;212. What is the leading disease cause of lost school days among children in the U.S.? A. Diabetes B. Pneumonia/Influenza C. Unintentional injuries D. Diarrhea E. Asthma - ANS Asthma;213. Three members of a family became ill over the course of several hours. History and physical examination suggest a diagnosis of botulism. Which of the following statements reflects our epidemiological knowledge? A. Botulism results from the ingestion of the microorganism Clostridium botulinum (CL.), which can be found in many meat products prior to heating. B. CL. Botulinum is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and man. C. The aerobic requirements of CL. Botulinum for production of toxin is high. D. CL. Botulinum can be found in many virgin soil specimens and can be transferred from soil to certain food products. - ANS CL. Botulinum can be found in many virgin soil specimens and can transferred from soil to certain food products;214. The two principle public health agencies in Utah are: A. Natural Resources Department, Utah Department of Health B. Utah Department of Health, Public Safety Department C. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Utah Department of Health D. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Department of Human Services E. Utah Department of Health, Department of Human Services - ANS Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Utah Department of Health;215. The correct order of size, starting with the largest and going to the smallest cause of infection is. A. Protozoa, bacteria, metazoan, rickettsia, fungus, virus. B. Metazoa, protozoa, fungus, rickettsia, bacteria, virus. C. Metazoa, fungus, protozoa, bacteria, rickettsia, virus D. Metozoa, fungus, protozoa, bacteria, virus, rickettsia - ANS Metazoa, fungus, protozoa, bacteria, rickettsia, virus;216. The person responsible for Central Park in New York City and for showing how important public green areas are was: A. Dwight D. Eisenhower B. Edward Koch C. Dorothea Dix D. Frederick Olmstead E. Mayor Laguardia - ANS Frederick Olmstead;217. Which of the following items if ingested by a child age 5 would probably be the most toxic. A. 1 oz. of Jim Beam Whiskey B. 4 oz. of Maalox/Mylanta C. 2 oz. of Vanilla flavoring D. Part of a bottle of Flintstones Vitamins with iron E. 1 oz. of Mr. Bubble bubble bath liquid - ANS Part of a bottle of Flinstones Vitamins with iron;218. The majority of the known cases of Hantavirus transmission have occurred by which mode in the United States? A. Laboratory exposure B. Fecal-oral C. Inhalation of aerosols D. Intimate contact E. Arthropod bites - ANS Arthropod bites;219. An injury is defined as A. An accident B. An act of God C. Damage or harm D. Unexpected mishap E. Natural disaster - ANS Damage or harm;220. The leading cause of injury deaths in the United States is A. Suffocation B. Motor vehicle crashes C. Drowning D. Firearm E. Suicide - ANS Suicide;221. The objectives of water pollution control legislation: A. Protect human health and the environment B. Maintain safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies C. Proper disposal of wastewater and solid wastes D. Control pollution E. All of the above - ANS All of the above;222. Which of the following diseases is not typically spread by a mosquito vector? A. West Nile Virus B. Yellow Fever C. Malaria D. Dengue Fever E. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - from ticks - ANS Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - from ticks;223. What is the minimal time water must be boiled (full boil) at sea level to kill disease producing pathogens? (To kill viruses and bacterial organisms at altitudes > 2,000 m (6,562 feet), water should be boiled for a longer period). A. 60 seconds B. 5 minutes C. 10 minutes D. 30 minutes E. One hour - ANS 60 seconds;224. Visiral and cutaneous leishmeniasis are transmitted by the bite of an infected: A. Mosquito B. Camel spider C. Sand fly D. Tick E. Flea - ANS Sand fly;225. What congressional act is the basis national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, set goals, and provides means for carrying out the policy. A. Hill Burton Act of 1946 B. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 C. The Clean Air Act D. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act E. the Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act - ANS National Environmental Policy Act of 1969;226. Environmental Public Health encompasses: A. Infectious Agents in the Environment B. Occupational Health C. Hazardous Waste Management D. Toxic agents in the environment E. Environmental Public Health includes all of the above - ANS Environmental Public Health includes all of the above;227. Which method is not an environmental route of entry into the human body: A. Ingestion B. Inhalation C. Dermal Absorption D. Injection E. Sublingual Tabled - ANS Sublingual Tabled;228. The objectives of water pollution control legislation; A. Protect human health and the environment B. Maintain safe, palatable, and ample public water supplies C. Proper disposal of wastewater and solid wastes D. control pollution E. All of the above - ANS All of the above;229. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) began as the: A. Office of Malaria B. Internal Revenue Service C. Public Health Service D. Office of Management and Budget E. Atlanta Department of Health - ANS Office of Malaria;230. This area is associated with increased mercury toxicity due to industrial environmental contamination. A. Minamata Bay, Japan B. Times Beach, Missouri C. Chernobyl, Ukraine D. Bhopal, India E. Love Canal, New York - ANS Minamata Bay, Japan;231. How many cases of food borne illnesses do we have in the U.S. each day? A. 200,000 B. 20,000 C. 2,000 D. 200 E. 20 - ANS 200,000;232. Rodent urine carries this organism. Whenever flooding occurs this organism can enter the water supply and create the potential for epidemic infection. (Flooding in Ghana in 2002 produced such an epidemic). A. Lactobacillus B. Listeria C. HIV D. Leptosporidium E. Gonorrhea - ANS Leptosporidium;233. On 26 April 1986, reactor #4 at a nuclear power station blew up during a routine daily operation. What city did this occur? A. Stockholm, Sweden B. Chernobyl, Ukraine C. Moscow, Russia D. Sidney, Australia E. Cannes, France - ANS Chernobyl, Ukraine;234. Workers in the petroleum refining rubber making and printing industries are at increased risk of Acute Myeloid Leukemia from exposure to? A. Asbestos B. Benzene C. Carotene D. Lead E. Mercury - ANS Benzene;235. Why do children in comparison with adults represent a group that is especially vulnerable to environmental hazards? Choose the incorrect answer. a. Their immune systems are still developing. b. They may be exposed more often to toxins in the outdoor air. c. They may be exposed more often to toxins in the soil. d. They spend more time indoors. e. None of the above - ANS They spend more time indoors;236. Reasons for the potential spread of avian influenza include: a. Intensive animal husbandry practices b. Restriction of international travel c. Demonstrated person-to-person transmission d. B & C e. All of the above - ANS Intensive animal husbandry practices;237. Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease (the epidemiologic triangle). What statement below is true about the triangle? a) Agent factors can include particles, toxic chemicals, and pesticides. b) The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist. c) The host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent. d) Disease causality includes three major factors: agent, host, and environment. e) All of the above are true. - ANS all of the above are true;238. Which of the following is best to use when sanitizing food equipment? a) phenols b) copper c)zinc d) none of the above - ANS none of the above;239. A healthy milk heard is expected to be free of which disease? a) mastitis b) brucellosis c) tuberculosis d) all of the above - ANS all of the above;240. Which food has the highest acceptable plate count of E. coli? a) cheese b) unfrozen beef c) chicken d) fish - ANS cheese;