MMSC 438 Exam 2

Most common STD - Answer- Chlamydia (1.7 mil cases) Skin normal biota is coagulase-negative staph, cornybacterium, and microbacterium smegmatis - Answer- males (all ages) Skin normal biota staph and corynbacterium - Answer- females (prepuberty and post-menopause) Normal biota of the skin for reproductive-age females in some cases- they carry it asymptomatically - Answer- GBS Normal biota of the skin for ___________ includes Enterobacteriaceae and anerobes, strep and staph, and LACTOBACILLI (predominant organism) - Answer- reproductive-age females A disadvantage of the first DNA probes and nucleic acid amplification tests were that - Answer- only one agent could be detected at a time Later, multiplex PCR assays were developed. This permited the identification of - Answer- several pathogens in one test (ex: FilmArrayTM (BioFire) gastrointestinal panel can detect 22 targets, that includes bacteria, parasites, and viruses, in about an hour. These types of assays are starting to replace standard cultures.) The most recent advancement in clinical microbiology is the use of _________________This technique has gained popularity for its accuracy, speed and the ability to batch specimens (run several specimens simultaneously) - Answer- MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) Real-time polymerase chain reaction (results obtained in real time) - Answer- Q-PCR the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction that utilizes RNA target - Answer- RT-PCR Amplification of target nucleic acid increased number of copies of target DNA or RNA - Answer- PCR (polymerase chain reaction) In PCR, DNA copies (__________) = determine presence or absence of Specific gene, specific sequence (1 to 100 bp differences) - Answer- amplicon