Pesticide Applicator License Exam 100%accurate

What types of pesticide uses require the Ag Basic license -ANSWER -Use of general-use pesticides to produce plants or plant products intended for human consumption as food, where the person applying the pesticides or the employer of the person applying the pesticides derives $1,000 or more in annual gross income from the sale of those commodities -Food production applications include - Seed treatment through post harvest treatment or washing with disinfectants prior to sale What is a pesticide? -ANSWER Any substance or mixture of substances intended for: -preventing, -destroying, -repelling, or -mitigating any pest OR Any plant regulator, defoliant or desiccant. -Does not include fertilizers or nutrients -Does not include beneficial organisms -Does not include traps or mechanical means Disinfectants (peroxides & bleaches) Herbicides &Growth Regulators Rat & mouse baits Fungicides Insecticides Botanicals Biological controls Deer and rabbit repellents Insect repellents Plant incorporated protectants -Bt corn has one or more Bacillus thuringiensis crystalline proteins engineered into it What is a pest? -ANSWER -Bacteria, viruses (germs) -Fungi, plant diseases -Weeds -Insects, mites, etc. -Birds -Deer, rodents, etc. Using products not labeled as pesticides -ANSWER Home chemistry is not recommended by the BPC -Many of the materials used seem "safe" because we eat them or use them on our skin -Exposure routes may be different - ie What we eat may not be safe to breathe Use of products not labeled as pesticides -Anyone applying products to commercial food crops that have not been properly evaluated runs the risk of a food safety incident, illegal residues, and an embargoed crop What products are NOT pesticides? -ANSWER -Insect parasitic nematodes -Rodent or insect traps =Beneficial insects or mites Benefits of Pesticides -ANSWER •Aesthetics •Healthy saleable plants •Bountiful harvest •Nuisance or public heath pest control Concerns with Pesticide Dependence Past, Present and Future -ANSWER -Pest resistance -Environmental persistence -Bioaccumulation: when a chemical accumulates in animal tissues -Biomagnification: when an organism accumulates residues at higher concentrations than the organisms they consume -Misuse -Secondary pest outbreaks -Non-target/Beneficial organism effects Pest Resurgence However, during the 1970's it became obvious that relying completely on pesticides for pest management could have some negative impacts. It was noticed that when certain pesticides were used repeatedly, some pests were no longer controlled by the pesticide. The pests had developed resistance to the chemical. Since the 1970's, pest resistance has surfaced in weed species, plant pathogens and insect pests. A prime example is the Colorado potato beetle which has developed resistance to every major group of insecticides, making the older chemical compounds nearly useless as pest management tools for Colorado potato beetle. In her book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson discussed environmental concerns about the stability and persistence of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. DDT and its relative compounds were also found to be stored in fat cells of insects, fish, birds, rodents and other animals. DDT didn't break down in fat cells. This is known as bioaccumulation. Some organisms accumulate chemical residues in higher concentrations than those found in their food source. This process is called biomagnification. For example, i