CSP Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Graded A

CSP Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Graded A Absolute Filename Includes the entire directory pathway to get to the specified file, as opposed to the relative filename that is specified only from the current working directory. Absolute Path Representation of the location of a resource on a hard disk with respect to the root or the location of a web resource using a full URL. Abstraction A generalization with loss of detail. A model hides many details, often by reducing several factors into a single parameter. Accumulator Variable Maintains a running total. Aggregator Variable Stores a list of values built up over time and remembers separate individual values. Agile Design A method of software development that emphasizes frequent client input to produce better end products. Algorithm A step-by-step procedure, like a recipe, but often involving decisions. Alpha channel Part of a pixel's data that tells how opaque or transparent that color should appear when the graphics card calculates how to render the image on screen. Application A program run by the operating system to meet particular needs of a user. Arguments The values that the programmer provides in the function call. Array An ordered collection of elements of the same type. Assignment Operator The '=' character causes the compiler or interpreter to evaluate to the expression on its right and store the result in the variable(s) on its left. Best-so-far Variable Keeps track of a record best or worst and updates when a new record best or worst has been reached. Binary The binary number system is base 2, using only bits 0 and 1. Bit A single unit of binary consisting of only one place whose value can be 0 or 1. Browser A piece of software that renders web pages and allows users to view resources on a network. Built-in Function The set of functions available to the programmer without the need to use any "import" or "include" statements. Byte Eight bits, able to represent 256 distinct values. Abbreviated "b". Central Processing Unit (CPU, or core) The part of the computer that executes one instruction at a time. computer and information technology A group of computing careers focusing on the use of computers to store and manipulate data. Concatenation Attaching two things side-by-side, frequently strings of text. Conditional The Boolean expression in an if-structure that is evaluated to determine which branch of code to execute. Current working directory A location in the file system used as a point of reference for any command in a particular window or in a particular shell's command line. Digital Data which can only take on discrete values. Opposite of analog. Event Handler A piece of code that responds to an event. Fixed Variable Stores a value that will not change over the course of the entire program. Float A native type representing rational numbers to limited precision. Hexadecimal The hexadecimal number system is base 16, using only digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F. Human-Computer Interaction The study of how humans give input to and receive output from a computer. If-structure Evaluates a Boolean expression and executes some code if the expression is true (and possibly other code if it is false). Import In Python import is a key word for using one module of code from inside another module. Int A native type representing the integers, which are positive whole numbers and their opposites. Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Provides a developer with a way to create a program, run the program, and debug the program all within one application. Linux Linux is a free, open source operating system in the UNIX family of operating systems. Memory The parts of computer that can store data or instruction, including volatile memory (lost when the computer is turned off) and non-volatile memory (retained when the computer is turned off). Multi-line Comment Denoted by either ''', or """ these can generate docstrings and allow the programmer to leave notes in code that span several lines without having to type '#' at the beginning of each line. Output The effect that a program has on its environment. Pseudocode An outline of the basic ideas behind how algorithms will work. Quadratic Function A function like f(x) = y = 5x2 + 7x +3 that has an x2 term but no power higher than two. Scrum The most common framework for Agile Development. String A native type in Python representing a sequence of characters. Strings are both iterable and immutable. Variable Roles Describe why a variable is being used in a program. Version Control A process to keep track of what changes were made to what files so that a specific version can be referred to and improvements in multiple versions can be merged together. Walker Variable Stores one item from a list at a time during iteration. Working Directory The directory in the file system you are currently "in". BASH Bourne Again Shell -- Command Line Interface for Linux. Traceback A list of function calls that were made before an exception stopped the program. API An Application Programming Interface is a way programmers share their code with other programmers. In object-oriented libraries, an API specifies the methods of each class. Object-oriented A paradigm for programming in which code describes a class with methods, including a method for creating an object in the class. Method A set of instructions grouped together to do something to or with an object. Class An abstraction defining a type of object, with methods (instructions that can be executed) and attributes (variables to store data).