Multiple Sclerosis Test Questions with Correct Answers

Multiple Sclerosis Test Questions with Correct Answers MS definition - Answer-Chronic, disabling disease that attacks the central nervous system MS mechanism - Answer-Autoimmune MS lifespan - Answer-Normal Cost of MS per person over lifetime - Answer-2 million 3 Pathalogical findings of MS - Answer-CNS inflammation and demyelination, Axon damage (mainly myelin), Gray and white matter damage What else is lost in MS (other than myelin) - Answer--Axonal damage. -connections between axons, -Gray matter with myelin Plaques in MS mechanical properties - Answer-Harder and stiffer than non affected tissues What happens to form plaques in MS? - Answer-Scarring of tissue Perivascular cuffing definition - Answer-Inflammation around axons that leads to demyelination Onset of age MS - Answer-15-45 years Gender MS - Answer-70% women Race incidence MS - Answer-Much more in Caucasians. Occurs in areas far from the equator where Scandinavians settle What causes MS? What are 3 possibilities? - Answer-Not totally understood. Genetics, environment, autoimmune are the 3 factors. Risk of MS if you have a twin - Answer-Increase drastically Genetic risk factors MS (name the gene, and give other factors) - Answer-HLA DR gene, Being a twin (30%), 15% of patients have a family history of MS What factor is most affected by genes in MS? - Answer-Autoimmune 4 Environmental risk factors MS - Answer-Epstein Barr virus, Smoking, Vitamin D deficiency, Obesity What happens to risk of MS 10 years after smoking? - Answer-Decreases Describe the study done in the military with serum vitamin D levels and MS incidence - Answer-4 million people. The people with low levels of vitamin D were much more at risk for developing MS What imaging technique is best for viewing MS? - Answer-MRI What is the big downfall of MRI for diagnosing MS? - Answer-It can look like there is pathology when there is not T1 MRI findings MS - Answer-Periventricular lesions that extend perpindicular from inferior sagittal sinus T2 MRI findings MS - Answer-Corpus callosum thinning, Black holes, Sub cortical lesions, Contrast enhancing lesions Which MRI technique gives information about how recent the damage is? How? - Answer-Contrast MRI. Serum is injected. If it gets into the brain it means the BBB has been broken It must be less than 3 weeks old because the BBB heals in 3 weeks Describe Relapse-remitting MS - Answer-There is always an isolated episode initially. they can recover, but not 100%. They fail to fully recover after each relapse. Clinically isolated syndrome - Answer-Single clinical episode that can be consistent with MS.