PHLEBOTOMY NATIONAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE-228 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024.

What vaccination does OSHA require all health care personnel get? OSHA requires that all health care personnel exposed to blood and other bodily fluids must receive a vaccination against Hepatitis B Pulmonary Edema Fluid in the lungs How much blood can a person donate in a session? 500 mL Patients have the right to what? Under the Patient Bill Of Rights they always have the option to decline medical treatment and to know what tests are being performed on them. What can you NOT give a patient? Results or a diagnosis. Because you are not medically qualified to do so. Negligence is? Failure to give appropriate care. DON'T BE NEGLIGENT! PPE stands for? Personal Protective Equipment One of the most important practices is? Hand Washing is one of the most important (and easiest) practices used to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens Needles should never be recapped Sharps containers must be what? puncture-resistent, leak proof on the sides and bottom and must be labeled or color-coded Types of Hazards Biologic - Infectious agents that can cause bacterial, viral, fungal or parasitic infections Sharps - Needles, lancets and broken glass can puncture and cut, causing blood-borne pathogen exposure Chemical - Preservatives and chemicals used in the laboratory. Exposure to Toxin, Carcinogenic or caustic substances Fire or explosive - bunsen burners, oxygen and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment Physical - wet floors, heavy lifting ance cause falls, sprains and strains ALLERGIC reaction * - Latex sensitivity is a PHYSICAL reaction to care worker allergic reation to the patient In infection control WHO is the agent? Person In infection control WHAT is portal of exit? Needle In infection control WHAT can we control? Mode Of Transmission OR exit of infection In infection control WHAT is a portal of entry? Mucas membrane In infection control WHO is a susceptible host? Person Mode of Transmission Specific ways in which microorganisms travel from the reservoir to the suseptible host Five main types or mode of transmission contact - direct and indirect (fomite) Droplet - Cold, Flu and sneezing Airborne - viral - breath in common vehicle - person, fomite and not handwashing vector borne - illness that is transmitted through an invertebrate, such as an insect Mode of infection the point in the infection chain where we aim at preventing the spread of infectious disease Standard precautions do what? Infection control method designed to prevent direct contact with blood and other body fluids and tissues by using a barrier of protection and work control practices. What do we assume all patients to be? Patients are presumed to be infective for blood-borne pathogens Standard precautions consist of what itmes? Gloves - when collecting and handling body fluids, or tissue specimen Face shield - when danger of splashing on mucous membranes Disposal - dispose of all needles and sharp objests in punture-proof containers, WITH OUT RECAPPING Disinfectants - clean fluid spills, thus killing pathogenic organisms Medical Asepsis This condition is best defined as "the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms after they leave the body". It also involves enviromental hygien measures such as equipment cleaning and disinfection procedures. Methods of medical asepsis are Standard Precautions and Transmission-based Precautions What are barrier protections? Masks Gloves Face Shields Resirator Gloves How do you remove PPE equipment? 1st - Gloves 2nd - Gown 3rd - Shield What type of soap should be used? Non-abrasive, antibacterial soap. What do you do if blood splashes in the eye or mucous membane? Flush with warm water (hotter the better) for 15 minutes Report incident exposure to your supervisor ASAP! Who cannot be identified in an incident report? a minor Bedside manner includes? introduce yourself, ask patient name and b-day. Explain what you will be doing. Chat with patient to keep mind off poke. ADVISE them WHEN you are poking! Speak to them on a first name basis What phase is best practice "pleasant with the patient and professional with the poke". If patient has an I.V. where do you draw blood? Downstream from the I.V. Double Mastectomy patients should ONLY have blood drawn from what? Hands Left Mastectomy patients should have blood drawn from what side? Right side What is a Fistula? artificial connections of veins What is a Graft? artificial artery connection to vein Sclerosis is? Hard and cord like veins For obese patients what vein is used? Cephalic Vein is most likely to be the one you can palpate and draw blood from in an obese patient Cephalic means what? Head Most common complication in Phlebotomy Hematoma To prevent a Hematoma prevented if pressure is placed on the venipuncture site until bleeding stops If a patient faints what is the 1st thing to do? GET the needle out of the arm Vasovagal Syncope is fainting, dizziness before, during or after venipuncture Circulatory System funtion is todeliver oxyge, nutrients, hormones and enzymes to the cells. Transport cellular waste such as carbon dioxide and urea to the organs where they can be expelled from the body. Circulatory exchange is done where? capillary level 45% of blood is formed elements - Erythrocytes (red blood cells) = 99% of formed elements. Leukocytes (white blood cells) and Thrombocytes (platelets) All blood cells originate from stem cells in the bone marrow The heart acts as what? two pumps (right and left sides) Left and right sides of heart are connected by two circulations, with each pump equipped with two valves the function of which is to maintain a one way flow of blood Pulmonary circulations carries deoxygentated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs. (alveoli) and return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium Oxygenation takes place at the alveoli - sacks in the lungs Systemic circulation carries oxygentated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body