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15/15 - To what extent are the 2 chambers equal in Congress? £4.99
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  5. Politics And Economics
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  7. A2 Edexcel Government and Politics - US Politics

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15/15 - To what extent are the 2 chambers equal in Congress?

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15/15 marker, marked by long-standing examiner. Includes 2014/2015 examples with flair points for full marks. Received 190/200 for A2 and Politics award for my year-group! Reviews appreciated :)

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  • February 26, 2018
  • 2
  • 2014/2015
  • Essay
  • Unknown
  • A*

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To what extent are the 2 chambers of Congress equal in power? (15):

Are equal  Role of legislation:
 The main role of both chambers of congress is to legislate.
 For a bill to be passed, both chambers need to agree on the same bill and vote.
 The equality of their legislative roles EX: Government shutdown in 2013 was due to the House
Speaker not allowing a Senate-amended bill to be debated as it did not hold provisions to defund
ObamaCare. Shows how BOTH chambers need to agree.
 As both are equal in legislative power, not having 1 party controlling both chambers leads to
gridlock as increased partisanship and polarization has occurred.
 Both chambers also need to reach a supermajority (2/3) in order to override a presidential veto.
Veto on Obama’s Keystone Pipeline XL passed the House but fell short in the Senate
 Other concurrent powers include both chambers’ ability to impeach and both chambers need to
agree to declare war, although the last time this happened was in 1941.
 Both chambers also receive the same salaries.


Are not equal – Both chambers’ exclusive powers:
House:
 Power to initiate money bills – House can threaten to not pass spending bills that leads to
government shutdowns.
 They also have the power to impeach members of executive/judicial branches.
o Has happened 19 times since 1789, House impeached President Clinton.
 Also have the power to elect the president in the event of an Electoral College deadlock where no
candidate receives a majority.
Senate:
 Have the power to ratify treaties & nominate public officials, ambassadors and judges.
 Any nomination that the President makes needs to be confirmed by senate, showing that the
Senate may be stronger than the house as they confirm respected positions in the 2 other branches
 Flair: Senate has become more powerful in influencing the president’s nomination due to the
decrease in presidential deference by the Senate.
 EX: Robert Bork did not get confirmed by the Senate for having extreme views and therefore,
Reagan had to nominate a more moderate Anthony Kennedy.
 EX: The Senate also rejected the Treaty of Versailles twice.
 The senate also has the ability to decide whether or not the person in question for impeachment is
guilty  need 2/3rd majority in Senate to remove them from office.




Senate has more power – Individual senator power:
 Senators serve a longer term (6 years vs 2 years)  get more done and are less influenced about re-
incumbency every 2 years.

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