Chapter 11: Renal System Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition

Martin Caon Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology Third Edition Chapter 11: Renal System 11.1 Renal Anatomy 1. What is the name for the entry point to the kidney for nerves, blood vessels, ureters and lymphatics? a. Calyx b. Hilus c. Pelvis d. Pyramid Answer is B: Hilum is the name of the point of attachment between an organ and its supply services. 2. Where are all of the glomeruli of the kidney located? a. In the medulla b. In the columns c. In the pyramids d. In the cortex Answer is D: The tubules and collecting ducts extend into the medulla, but all glomeruli are in the cortex. 3. What structure does the blood from the afferent arteriole enter? a. The peritubular capillaries b. The vasa recta c. The glomerulus d. Bowman’s capsule Answer is C: Afferent (incoming) arteriole enters the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole leaves the glomerulus. 4. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? a. Proximal convoluted tubule b. Distal convoluted tubule in the presence of ADH c. Ascending limb of the loop of Henle d. Descending limb of the loop of Henle Answer is C: The ascending limb. Hence, volume of filtrate does not change as it passes through the ascending limb. 5. How are cortical nephrons different from juxtamedullary nephrons? a. Cortical nephrons lie almost entirely outside the renal medulla. b. Cortical nephrons have an associated vasa recta. c. Cortical nephrons have a longer tubule. d. There are fewer cortical nephrons. Answer is A: Cortical nephrons are situated almost entirely within the cortex, while the far less numerous juxtamedullary nephrons have their glomeruli adjacent to the medulla and extend their loop of Henle into the medulla. 6. What is the entry point to the kidney for the renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics and nerves called? a. Renal pyramid b. Renal hilus c. Renal capsule d. Renal column Answer is B: Hilus is a general term referring to the entry point (e.g. hilus of the lung). 7. In what part of the kidney are the glomeruli located? a. In the cortex b. In the medulla c. In the hilus d. In the minor calyces Answer is A: Only the cortex contains glomeruli. 8. Four sections of the vasculature of the kidney tubule are listed below. Which one lists them in correct order of blood flow from left to right? a. Efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries b. Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries c. Peritubular capillaries, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole d. Glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries, efferent venule Answer is B: The afferent arteriole carries blood into the glomerulus so must be first. 9. What is the collective term applied to the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, the loop of Henle (i.e. the nephron loop) and the glomerular capsule? a. The renal corpuscle b. The renal tubule c. The nephron d. The renal capsule Answer is B: The nephron includes the glomerulus, whereas the tubule does not. 10. Which list of structures is presented in the correct order in which urine passes through them on the way to the bladder? a. Ureter, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, papilla b. Renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx, papilla, ureter c. Papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter d. Minor calyx, major calyx, papilla, renal pelvis, ureter Answer is C: Collecting ducts empty into the papilla, so the papilla must be first. 11. What part of the nephron performs the majority of the reabsorption of materials from the filtrate? a. The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus b. The loop of Henle (the nephron loop) c. The distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct d. The proximal convoluted tubule Answer is D: The proximal convoluted tubule (the first part or the renal tubule) absorbs most of the required materials.