MEDICAL SURGICAL COMBINATION EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

3. A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas results of several clients. Which client's arterial blood gas result indicates metabolic acidosis? A. pH: 7.32 PaCO2: 32 HCO3: 16 B. pH: 7.34 PaCO2: 50 HCO3: 27 C. pH: 7.46 PaCO2: 33 HCO3: 18 D. pH: 7.48 PaCO2: 48 HCO3: 29 - A. pH: 7.32 PaCO2: 32 HCO3: 16 5. What condition does the nurse suspect? -Irregular heart rhythm -BP: 180/100 -Client reports: nausea, diarrhea, abd pain, muscle weakness -Lab results: K+ = 5.8, Na+ = 140, Ca = 9.0 A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypouricemia D. Hypercalcemia - A. Hyperkalemia 6. A nurse teaches a client with chronic renal failure that salt substitutes cannot be used in the diet because: A. A person's body tends to retain fluid when a salt substitute is included in the diet. B. Limiting salt substitutes in the diet prevents a buildup of waste products in the blood. C. Salt substitutes contain potassium, which must be limited to prevent abnormal heartbeats. D. A substance in the salt substitute interferes with the transfer of fluid across capillary membranes, resulting in anasarca. - C. Salt substitutes contain potassium, which must be limited to prevent abnormal heartbeats 7. List clinical manifestations of anemia and evidence of anemia on the complete blood count results. - Clinical manifestations of anemia a. Skin: Pale, cool, cold intolerance, brittle nails. b. Cardiovascular :Tachycardia, activity intolerance c. Respiratory: DOE, activity intolerance, Decreased oxygen saturation (with severe anemia) d. Neurologic: Increased fatigue, headache, increased somnolence Chronic anemia common clinical manifestations include pallor, hypotension, weakness, depressed mood, impaired cognitive function, fatigue. A 48-year-old man is newly diagnosed with hypertension and Stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD). His primary health care provider has prescribed a thiazide diuretic. The client reports that he has increased his activity and changed his diet, which resulted in a 10-lb (4.5-kg) weight loss in the past 2 months. The client says he feels well and does not want to take any drugs. What is the nurse's best response? A. "Reducing your blood pressure may slow or prevent progression of your chronic kidney disease." B. "Your primary health care provider prescribed the diuretic because it will reverse the damage caused by kidney disease." C. "Taking medications is a personal decision, and you have the right to decline this prescription." D. "Because your lifestyle changes have resulted in weight loss, this intervention is all that is needed to reduce your risk for progression of kidney di