Summary Renewable Energy Lecture notes

CONTENT Sl. No Content Page No 1 Sources of energy, Classification, energy from Biomass 1 2 Properties of different types of renewable energy sources 8 3 Types of biogas plants, constructional details, biogas production and it 10 utilization-problems 4 Agricultural wastes, principles of combustion, pyrolysis and 23 gasification 5 Types of gasifiers, producer gas and its utilization 28 6 Briquettes, types of Briquetting, uses of briquettes, shredders 35 7 Solar energy, solar flat plate and focussing plate collectors 40 8 Solar air heaters, solar space heating and cooling 47 9 Solar energy applications/solar energy gadgets, solar cookers, solar 50 water heating systems 10 Solar grain dryers, solar refrigeration system, solar ponds 57 11 Solar photovoltaic systems, solar lantern, solar street lights, solar 65 fencing 12 Solar pumping systems 72 13 Wind energy, types of wind mills 74 14 Construction details and application of wind mills 82 15 Liquid bio fuels, types 85 16 Bio diesel and ethanol from agricultural produce 88 17 Production of bio diesel 90 18 Applied use of different types of renewable energy sources from the 95 practical stand point Renewable Energy Lecture No.1 Sources of energy, classification Introduction Energy plays a very important role in our lives, providing comfort, increasing productivity and allowing us to live the way we want to. Since the beginning of mankind, we have made use of wood, water, and fossil fuels as a means of heating and making machines work. Almost for all types of activities, we rely on one or another form of energy. Amount of energy used by a society is an indicator of its economic growth and development. Without energy even our body would be unable to perform basic functions like respiratory, circulatory, or digestive functions to name a few. Plants would also be unable to complete the process of converting Carbon dioxide, water and minerals into food without the light from the Sun. Almost all the machines used for the production and manufacture of different types of items would be unable to operate without the use of a source of electrical energy. Almost everything we see around us, the clothes we wear, the food we eat, the houses we live in, the paper we write on, the vehicles we drive, all need energy to be created or transformed from some natural resource to the final product. Nowadays, the electrical energy has become so important that almost in all walks of life electricity is required. For example all electrical appliances in our homes and at our workplace require electricity. All the industries and factories run on electricity. 1.1.Sources of Energy In simple terms we can say that anything out of which usable energy can be extracted is a source of energy. There is a variety of sources that provide us energy for different purposes. You must be familiar with coal, petrol, diesel kerosene and natural gas. Similarly you must have also heard about hydroelectric power, wind mills, solar panels, biomass etc.