EAQ FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE QUIZ QUESTIONS 2023/2024

EAQ FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE QUIZ QUESTIONS 2023/2024 According to quality and safe education for nurses (QSEN) which defines patient centered care? A. understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care B. functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams to deliver quality care C. using data to evaluate outcomes of care processes and designing methods to improve health care D. minimizing the risk for harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Understanding that the client is the source of control when providing care The QSEN competency called patient-centered care requires the nurse to understand that the client is the source of control. The nurse would respect the values, beliefs, and preferences of the client to provide quality care. The QSEN competency called teamwork and collaboration states that the nurse would function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams to provide quality care. Quality improvement involves using data to evaluate the outcomes of care processes and design methods to improve the health care delivery system. Safety focuses on minimizing the risk for harm to clients and health care workers through improved professional performance. Which point is included in the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) document regarding core principles of care for transgender clients? A. Designating unisex or single-stall restrooms B. Seeking informed consent before providing treatment C. Posting the client's bill of rights and nondiscrimination policies visibly D. Reflecting the client's choice of terminology in communication and documentation - CORRECT ANSWER-B. Seeking informed consent before providing treatment One of the core principles of health care professionals who care for transgender clients as per the document published by WPATH. The Joint Commission recommends designating unisex/single stall restrooms, post the client's bill of rights and nondiscriminatory policies visibly, and use the client's choice of terminology in communication and documentation Which information is accurate regarding exemplary professional practice according to the revised magnet model? A. "Strong professional practice is established, and accomplishments of the practice are demonstrated." B. "A vision for the future and the systems and resources to achieve the vision are created by nursing leaders." C. "Focus is on structure and processes and demonstration of positive clinical, work force, and client and organizational outcomes." D. "Structures and processes provide an innovative environment in which staff are developed and empowered and professional practice flourishes." - CORRECT ANSWER-A. "Strong professional practice is established, and accomplishments of the practice are demonstrated." Exemplary professional practice is evident when a strong professional practice is established, and accomplishments of the practice are demonstrated. The characteristic of transformational leadership is a vision for the future in which the systems and resources to achieve the vision are created by nursing leaders. The characteristic of empirical quality outcomes is that the focus is on structure and processes and demonstration of positive clinical, work force, and client and organizational outcomes. The characteristic of structural empowerment includes structures and processes to provide an innovative environment in which staff are developed and empowered and professional practice flourishes. Which are the elements of discovery of a lawsuit? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Experts B. Medical errors C. Proof of negligence D. The depositions of witnesses E. petition-elements of the claim - CORRECT ANSWER-A. experts B. medical records D. the deposition of witnesses Experts, medical records, and the depositions of witnesses are elements of discovery of a lawsuit. Proof of negligence is a part of a trial. Petition and elements of the claim are a part of the pleadings phase. Which is the subset of clinical health care informatics? a. Clinical informatics b. Nursing informatics (NI) c. Public health informatics d. Clinical research informatics - CORRECT ANSWER-b. nursing informatics NI is the subset of clinical health care informatics. This is a specialty that integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice. Clinical health care informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics. Public health informatics is one of the major domains of informatics that uses computer science and technology to improve public health. Clinical research informatics is a subdomain of clinical informatics. Which is appropriate for the nurse to include in the education of the ethical principal of nonmaleficence to a group of nursing students? a. Treat all clients equitably and fairly. b. Act in ways to prevent harm to clients. c. Tell the client the truth about their health. d. Help the clients make informed choices. - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Act in ways to prevent harm to clients. Nonmaleficence means to act in ways that prevent client harm or even the risk of harm. Telling the truth to clients about their health refers to veracity. Helping clients make informed choices promotes autonomy. Justice involves treating all clients equitably and fairly. Which activity places a client at risk for hyperthermia? a. Snowmobiling b. Skiing in the winter c. Hiking Alaskan mountains d. Performing strenuous activity in high humidity - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Performing strenuous activity in high humidity When a client performs strenuous activity in high humidity, it reduces heat loss from the body and results in hyperthermia. Activities such as snowmobiling, skiing, and hiking in cold weather may cause hypothermia because they occur in cold temperatures and may lower the body temperature. The nurse finds the orders from the primary health care provider inappropriate. Clarification from the health care provider does not resolve the nurse's doubts. Whom would the nurse contact and inform next? a. Risk manager b. Nursing student c. Supervising nurse d. Nurse administrator - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Supervising nurse The nurse would go to the supervising nurse or follow the established chain of command if he or she finds any discrepancies in the primary health care provider's orders. All nurses must act as risk managers, depending upon the situation. The nurse in question would follow the established chain of command to address his or her doubts. A nursing student is still a novice and is too inexperienced to handle such matters. The nurse administrator manages client care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency; the nurse administrator is not the appropriate person to ask for help in solving the problem at hand. Which organization has a publication that includes the objective, "Aiming to develop a system to identify clients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ)"? a. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) b. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) c. The Joint Commission (TJC) d. The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) - CORRECT ANSWER-a. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) Developing a system to identify clients who are LGBTQ is a goal stated in the USDHHS's Healthy People 2020. The CDC's publications have goals that differ from this one. TJC's field guide lists recommendations for health care agencies for designing a safe environment for LGBT client care. WPATH summarizes core principles that nurses and other health care providers should follow when caring for transgender clients. Which explanation regarding the term "just culture" is accurate? a. Agreement to keep promises b. Taking positive actions to help others c. Ability to answer for one's actions d. Promoting open discussion whenever error occurs without fear of recrimination - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Promoting open discussion whenever error occurs without fear of recrimination The term just culture refers to the promotion of open discussion whenever errors occur without fear of recrimination. Fidelity refers to the agreement to keep promises. Beneficence refers to taking positive actions to help others. Accountability refers to the ability to answer for one's actions. The nurse asks an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to provide an ice pack to a client. Which nursing function does this represent? a. Delegation b. Implementation c. Case management d. Interprofessional teamwork - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Delegation Delegation is the assignment of a nursing task to someone else who is able or qualified to perform the task. Implementation is a part of the nursing process where the nurse carries out the care plan for a client. Case management is the collaborative effort of care planning and advocacy to make sure that a client's and family's needs are met. The interprofessional team is made up of professionals from several different disciplines who work together in the provision of care to the client. Which definition of assault would the nurse include in teaching a group of parents about child abuse? a. Threat to do bodily harm to another person b. An unintentional act committed by one person against another person c. A legal wrong committed against the public that is punishable by federal law d. The application of force to another person without lawful justification - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Threat to do bodily harm to another person Assault is a threat or an attempt to do violence to another. Assault implies harm to persons rather than property. A legal wrong committed against the public that is punishable by federal law is too broad to describe assault. Application of force to another person without lawful justification is the definition of battery. Assault is not defined as an unintentional act committed by one person against another. Which is an example of private indemnity health insurance? a. Medicare b. Medicaid c. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association d. State Children's Health Insurance Program - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Blue Cross Blue Shield Association Private indemnity health insurance is purchased as a group policy by an employer for its employees or by individuals themselves. The Blue Cross Blue Shield Association is an example of a private indemnity health insurance provider. Medicare is a federally funded program. Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program are state programs. A pharmacy technician arrives on the nursing unit to deliver opioids and, following hospital protocol, asks the nurse to receive the medications. The nurse is assisting a confused and unsteady client back to the client's room. How would the nurse respond to the technician? a. "I can't receive them right now. Please wait a few minutes or come back." b. "Please leave the medications and sign-out sheet in a location where I can see them." c. "Please bring them to me, and I will be sure to put them away in a couple of minutes." d. "I am busy right now. Please give them to the unlicensed health care worker." - CORRECT ANSWER-a. "I can't receive them right now. Please wait a few minutes or come back." The transfer of controlled substances from one authorized person to another must occur according to protocol. In this situation the controlled substance must be returned to the pharmacy and delivered at a later time. The controlled substances cannot be left unattended. The nurse cannot delay the securing of controlled substances; if time is not available when the medications are delivered, they must be returned to the pharmacy. The unlicensed health care worker does not have the authority to receive controlled substances. Which point listed by the nursing student is accurate regarding the loss of a client's medication records? a. "Loss of medical records may lead to libel charges." b. "The registered nurse would maintain accurate nursing records." c. "There is an assumption that the care provided to the client was negligent." d. "The health care facility needs to demonstrate why the medical records were lost." - CORRECT ANSWER-c. "There is an assumption that the care provided to the client was negligent." In case a client's medical record is lost, there is an assumption that the care provided to the client was negligent. Loss of medical records may lead to a malpractice claim. The entire institution is responsible for maintaining medical records. Primary health care providers need to demonstrate why the medical records were lost. Which describes the rationale for not discussing a client's condition with another individual not directly involved in the client's care? a. Libel b. Negligence c. Breach of confidentiality d. Defamation of character - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Breach of confidentiality The release of information to an unauthorized person or gossiping about a client's activities constitutes a breach of confidentiality and an invasion of privacy. Libel occurs when a person writes false statements about another that may injure the individual's reputation. Negligence is a careless act of omission or commission that results in injury to another. Defamation of character is the publication of false statements that injure a person's reputation. Why would organizations promote transparency in health care? a. Creates effective insurance policies b. Helps determine whether medications are being diverted c. Facilitates recruitment of competent team members d. Allows continuous feedback for improving client outcomes - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Allows continuous feedback for improving client outcomes Transparency means to be clear and unambiguous in the daily operations of a health care organization. Transparency allows continuous feedback for the consumers, which helps improve the clinical outcomes of the clients. Transparency is not related to the diversion of medications for a nontherapeutic purpose. Transparency may not contribute to better recruitment in the organization. Transparency in a health care organization is unrelated to insurance policies. Which describes a living will? a. A legal document that allows registered nurses to offer special skills to the public b. An order that directs primary health care providers to refrain from reviving clients c. A written document that directs treatment according to the client's wishes, in case of a terminal illness or condition d. A legal document that designates a person or persons chosen by a client to make health care decisions on his or her behalf - CORRECT ANSWER-c. A written document that directs treatment according to the client's wishes, in case of a terminal illness or condition A living will is a written document that directs treatment on the basis of the client's wishes if he or she has a terminal illness or condition. A license allows registered nurses to offer special skills to the public. A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order prevents primary health care providers from reviving clients or performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A durable power of attorney is a legal document that designates a person or persons chosen by a client to make health care decisions on his or her behalf when the client is unable to do so. Which statement indicates that the nurse is in the advanced beginner stage of Benner? a. Learns about the profession through a specific set of rules and procedures b. Identifies the basic principles of nursing care through careful observation c. Understands the organization and specific care required by certain clients d. Assesses the entire situation and transfers knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Identifies the basic principles of nursing care through careful observation According to the levels of proficiency set forth by Benner, the nurse in the advanced beginner stage is able to identify basic principles of nursing care through careful observation. The nurse in the novice stage learns about the profession through a specific set of rules and procedures. After reaching the competent stage, the nurse will be able to understand the organization and specific care required by certain clients. The nurse who has reached the proficient stage is able to assess an entire situation and transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student regarding quasi-intentional torts need correction? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Assault b. Battery c. Malpractice d. Invasion of privacy e. Defamation of character - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Assault b. Battery c. Malpractice All willful acts that violate the rights of other people are called intentional torts. Assault and battery are intentional torts. Malpractice is an example of an unintentional tort. Invasion of privacy and defamation of character are example of quasi-intentional torts. These torts are characterized by acts of violation that directly cause harm to the clients. Which role does the nurse play when helping clients identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems? a. Educator b. Counselor c. Change agent d. Case manager - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Counselor As a counselor, the nurse helps clients identify and clarify health problems and choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems. As an educator, the nurse teaches clients and their families to assume responsibility for their own health care. The nurse acts as a change agent within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a client's community; this involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problems. As a case manager, the nurse establishes an appropriate plan of care on the basis of assessment findings and coordinates needed resources and services for the client's well-being along a continuum of care. Which statement demonstrates understanding of a computer-based client information system? a. "More medication errors are made when this system is used." b. "It is disappointing that nurses are not allowed to use this system." c. "Client information is immediately available when this system is used." d. "I will have less time to provide direct care to my clients with this system." - CORRECT ANSWER-c. "Client information is immediately available when this system is used." The intent of these systems is to streamline documentation and recordkeeping for all appropriate health team members, including nurses. There is a reduction in medication errors with this type of system. Data are immediately available to appropriate health team members without the need to depend on record or chart availability. By streamlining documentation and recordkeeping, these systems increase opportunities for more direct client care by nurses. Under which health care services pyramid level would the nursing student include family planning? a. Primary care b. Continuing care c. Restorative care d. Secondary acute care - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Primary care The nursing student would include family planning under primary care. Family planning is not a part of continuing care, restorative care, or secondary acute care services. Which basic health care ethic does the nurse follow when signing the client's consent form as a witness? a. Justice b. Autonomy c. Beneficence d. Nonmaleficence - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Autonomy Autonomy refers to the commitment to include clients in decisions about all aspects of care as a way of acknowledging and protecting their independence. In the given situation, the nurse ensures that the client has thoroughly understood the new treatment plan before gaining written consent. This ensures that the client is involved in the decision-making process appropriately. Justice refers to fairness. The given situation does not deal with fairness. Beneficence refers to taking positive actions to help others. This involves keeping the interests of the client before self-interest. Nonmaleficence is the avoidance of harm or hurt. Weighing the pros and cons of the new treatment plan would involve nonmaleficence. Which refers to the professional obligation of the nurse to assume responsibility for actions? a. Accountability b. Individuality c. Responsibility d. Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Accountability Nurses have an obligation to uphold the highest standards of practice, assume full responsibility for actions, and maintain quality in the knowledge base and skill of the profession; this is referred to as accountability. Individuality and responsibility are positive characteristics of the nurse but are not necessarily professional obligations. Bioethics is a field of study concerned with the ethics and philosophical implications of certain biological and medical procedures and treatments. Identify factors associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Acute illness b. Pregnancy c. Drug abuse d. Chronic illness e. Sexual orientation - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Pregnancy c. Drug abuse e. Sexual orientation Pregnancy, drug abuse, and sexual orientation are associated with an increased incidence of abuse within a family. Acute and chronic illness may place stress on the family, but these factors are not specifically linked to a higher incidence of violence. Which is the goal of Healthy People 2020? a. To ensure the well-being of clients cared for in a hospital setting b. To encourage the nurse to do good for the client c. To have the nurse act as an advocate for clients who are not capable of selfdetermination d. To eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status - CORRECT ANSWER-d. To eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status The primary goal of Healthy People 2020 is to eliminate health disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. This helps increase the quality of health care and help people live longer. Nonmaleficence is the ethical concept that emphasizes the importance of preventing harm and ensuring the client's well-being. Beneficence is the ethical concept that encourages the nurse to do good for the client. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2010), if the client is not capable of self-determination, the nurse is ethically obligated to protect the client as an advocate within the professional scope of nursing practice. The nurse notes that a client has mild hypothermia based on which body temperature? a. 29°C b. 30°C c. 33°C d. 35°C - CORRECT ANSWER-d. 35°C Hypothermia occurs when the body temperature falls below 36.2°C. Based on the severity, it is classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Mild hypothermia refers to a body temperature of 34°C to 36°C (93.2°F-96.8°F). In this case, the client's body temperature is 35°C, which indicates mild hypothermia. Moderate hypothermia refers to a body temperature of 30°C to 34°C (86°F-93°F), and severe hypothermia refers to a body temperature below 30°C (86°F). The client does not have severe hypothermia; therefore, the client does not have a body temperature of 29°C. The client does not have moderate hypothermia; therefore, the client does not have a body temperature of 30°C or 33°C. Which member of the interprofessional team is appropriate for the nurse to ask for support in informing and consoling the family of a terminally ill client who has died? a. Primary health care provider b. Pharmacist c. Social worker d. Occupational therapist - CORRECT ANSWER-c. Social worker The social worker on the interprofessional team helps the family members prepare for the client's death and during the grief and bereavement process. The nurse involves the social worker in consoling the family members in this situation. The primary health care provider and pharmacist may not be involved in consoling the family members after the client's death, nor may the occupational therapist be involved at this stage Which instructions would the nurse provide an individual about the role an individual plays in health and wellness and its effect? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Using passive strategies for health promotion enables one to benefit from the activities of others. b. Lifestyle choices affect his or her quality of life and well-being. c. Individuals should take responsibility for health and wellness by making proper lifestyle choices. d. Individuals should realize that illness prevention has a positive economic effect on their lives. e. Individuals should understand that it is enough to make positive lifestyle choices to prevent illness. - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Lifestyle choices affect his or her quality of life and well-being. c. Individuals should take responsibility for health and wellness by making proper lifestyle choices. d. Individuals should realize that illness prevention has a positive economic effect on their lives. A client would understand that making appropriate lifestyle choices can affect his or her quality of life and well-being. An individual would take responsibility for his or her health and wellness by making proper lifestyle choices. The client would also realize that illness prevention has a positive economic effect by decreasing health care costs. Passive health promotion strategies enable people to benefit from the activities of others. These strategies do not require the involvement of the clients. The client would understand that making positive lifestyle choices and discarding negative lifestyle choices contribute to illness prevention. Which statement is a characteristic of the concrete operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? a. A child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. b. A child faces difficulty in conceptualizing time. c. A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. d. A child believes that his or her actions and appearance are constantly being scrutinized. - CORRECT ANSWER-a. A child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. In the concrete operations stage, a child is able to perform mental operations and describe a process without actually doing it. In the preoperational stage, a child faces difficulty in conceptualizing time, and he or she believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. In the formal operations stage, an individual believes that his or her actions and appearances are scrutinized constantly. Which step in the nursing process would involve promoting a safe environment for the client? a. Planning b. Diagnosis c. Assessment d. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Implementation The nurse promotes a safe environment during the implementation stage of the nursing process. During the planning stage, the nurse develops an individualized care plan for the client. The plan contains strategies and alternatives to achieve specific outcomes. During the diagnosis stage, the nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the health care issues. The nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the client's health and situation during the assessment stage. According to Freud's developmental theory, which age is considered the phallic stage? a. Birth to 18 months old b. 18 months to 3 years old c. 3 to 6 years old d. 6 to 12 years old - CORRECT ANSWER-c. 3 to 6 years old According to Freud's developmental theory, 3 to 6 years of age is considered the phallic stage. Birth to 18 months of age is considered the oral stage. Eighteen months to 3 years of age is the anal stage. Six to 12 years of age is the latent stage. Which is the correct order of the phases of the nursing process? 1. Diagnosis 2. Planning 3. Evaluation 4. Assessment 5. Implementation - CORRECT ANSWER-Assessment- Diagnosis- PlanningImplementing- Evaluation The first phase of the nursing process is assessment of the client data. During this phase, the nurse collects the biological data of the client. Next, during the nursing diagnosis phase, the nurse makes a diagnosis on the basis of the client data, and then the nurse makes plans to address the issues and evaluates the expected outcomes. These plans are carried out in the implementation phase. Finally, in the evaluation phase, the outcomes are evaluated and shared with others. Which basic human needs belongs to the fourth level as per Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. a. Self-worth b. Achievement c. Security needs d. Belonging needs e. Self-actualization - CORRECT ANSWER-a. Self-worth b. Achievement The fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs encompasses self-esteem needs, which involve self-confidence, usefulness, self-worth, and achievement. Security needs are included in the second level. Belonging needs such as friendship, social relationships, and sexual love come under the third level. Self-actualization is the basic human need, which belongs to the final level.