Modern States Biology CLEP Study Guide 2023/2024

What type of bond joins oxygen to hydrogen within a single water molecule? - Answer-polar covalent bond The smallest unit of matter that has the properties of a particular element is a/n ____________. - Answer-atom A carbohydrate monomer is called a/n ______________. - Answer-monosaccharide Which of the following RNA sequences would bond to this DNA strand: AATAG? - Answer-UUAUC correct A covalent bond occurs when... - Answer-two atoms share an electron correct Which of the properties of water allow life to exist in a lake when the temperature is below freezing? - Answer-Solid is less dense than liquid correct The nearly universal nature of the genetic code supports the view that - Answer-all living organisms on Earth share a common ancestor correct Chromosomes are located in a nucleus in which of the following? - Answer- Eukaryotes What part of a cell membrane is fluid and can move from side to side, past other components of the membrane? - Answer-proteins and lipids If a cell is hypotonic in relation to its environment. Will this cell gain or lose water? - Answer-lose Which statement is FALSE about a cell's cytoskeleton? - Answer-microtubules grow from the centrosome, microfilaments support cellular projections like villi, intermediate filaments are stable and durable, microtubules are the largest of the 3 types of fibers ARE ALL FALSE Which of the following is critical in limiting the size to which an animal cell may grow? - Answer-The ratio of cell surface to cell volume correct Protein synthesis is the main function of which of the following structures? - Answer- Ribosome Neurotransmitters contained in vesicles enter the synapse through - Answer- exocytosis An enzyme-substrate complex is composed of which of the following? - Answer- enzyme and substrate All of the following statements about enzymes are true EXCEPT - Answer-Enzymes can function only within living cells. When a protein is heated, which of the following will most likely be disrupted? - Answer-The tertiary structure Which of the following best describes the primary function of chlorophyll in an organism? - Answer-it absorbs light energy to power oxygen production What do the light reactions produce that is used in the Calvin cycle? - Answer-ATP and NADPH correct If chlorophyll looks green, which wavelengths of light does it reflect? - Answer-green Which of the following is the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport system? - Answer-O2 In a eukaryotic cell, glycolysis occurs in which of the following parts of the cell? - Answer-Cytosol correct AMP is which type of molecule? - Answer-Nucleotide A typical photosynthetic eukaryotic cell contains which of the following? - Answer- Ribosomes, Chloroplasts, Mitochondria Which of the following is a function of ATP? - Answer-Transports energy Meiosis of a diploid cell results in - Answer-four haploid cells During what phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes? - Answer-prophase The process by which the nuclei of somatic(body) cells divide is known as - Answer- Mitosis The process by which haploid cells are formed from diploid cells is known as - Answer-Meiosis DNA is synthesized during - Answer-stage 2 / S phase What is meant by "redundancy" in gene expression? - Answer-each amino acid can have more than one codon A virus can transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another through which process? - Answer-transduction The codon for a particular amino acid is 5'CAU3'. The DNA sequence that complements this codon is - Answer-3'GTA5' Viral DNA would be most likely to contain genes that code for - Answer-viral-coat protein Which of the following is generally true about bacterial viruses? - Answer-They inject their nucleic acids into the cells that they infect. The terms "EcoRI," "HaeIII," and "HindIII" refer to which of the following? - Answer- The restriction enzymes used The patterns of bands in the different lanes result from which of the following? - Answer-Different sizes of fragments in the samples in different lanes Which of the following gives the correct sequence of events in the synthesis of a protein molecule? - Answer-DNA, mRNA, tRNA, formation of polypeptide Which of the following is the primary function of phloem? - Answer-sugar transport The sporophyte generation produces _____________. - Answer-spores via meiosis Which hormone is produced mostly in plant shoot tips and causes shoot elongation? - Answer-Auxin A disease of the adrenal glands will most likely affect which of the following processes? - Answer-osmoregulation Nitrogen-containing waste products are excreted as the result of the metabolism of which of the following? - Answer-proteins