NAS Exam 2 Questions with All Correct Answers

NAS Exam 2 Questions with All Correct Answers why is chemical energy needed by cells? - Answer-to maintain homeostasis Define cell respiration - Answer-the mechanism for harvesting energy from fuel molecules; the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP what is the function of the reduced coenzymes? - Answer-They are used to transfer energy to another compound Describe the function of oxidation-reduction reactions in the synthesis of ATP. - Answer-The reaction that transports energy to reduced coenzymes for synthesis of ATP How are hydrogen atoms involved the redox reactions? - Answer-When redox reactions take place they usually involve the loss of hydrogen atoms. What happens to the energy stored within the newly formed reduced coenzyme? Why is this referred to as phosphorylation? - Answer-Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. Name the four steps in cell respiration - Answer-1. Glycolysis, 2. Formation of acetyl coenzyme A, 3. Krebs cycle, 4. Electron transport chain Why is glycolysis "anaerobic" while the other three pathways are "aerobic." - Answer-Because oxygen is not required to generate ATP during glycolysis. Where does glycolysis occur? - Answer-in the cytosol Two ATP molecules are used to split a glucose molecule. ATP is actually gained through glycolysis, however. How much ATP is produced by this process and what is the net gain? - Answer-4 ATP gross, 2 net How many reduced coenzyme molecules are produced by glycolysis? - Answer-2 Two molecules are produced by glycolysis. Identify them. - Answer-Pyruvic acid & NADH + H+ Describe the conditions that result in lactic acid production - Answer-anaerobic, not enough oxygen