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Samenvatting Hfdst 2 - Nieuwe generatie van sequencing technologieën

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Omvat het hoodstuk over sequencing technologieën in het vak moleculaire genetica deel I

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HOOFDSTUK 2 – NIEUWE GENERATIE SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIEËN

INLEIDING

Evolutie DNA sequencing

- Duur
Vroeger - Tijdrovend
- Eerder beperkt in haar toepassingen
 Introductie van # nieuwe evolutionair nieuwe technieken
1. MPS of massieve parallele DNA sequencing
2. NGS of next-generation sequencing
Tijd Vanaf
 sanger seq. = sterk verschillend
2005
Eig
-Gigantische toename in sequencing data per run
-Gepaarde dramatische reductie in sequencing kost per
megabase
 Snel & relatief goedkoop volledig genoom sequencen
Vandaag

technieken = Dideoxy DNA sequencing of Sanger sequencing

 Tot kort enige DNA sequencing methode
Fred Sanger, 1977  nobelprijs
<


- Vertrek  amplificatie van individuele DNA sequenties
 Opgezuiverd via PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
- Voor elk
geamplificeerd
DNA fragment (=
amplicon) 
Werking ‘nested sets’ van
gelabelde DNA
Dideoxy
kopijen
aangemaakt
DNA seq.
- Gescheiden
volgens grootte
adhv. Gel elektroforese

 Veel voordelen  nog steeds veel gebruikt
- Zeer hoge accuraatheid
Eig. - Genereerd seq. van 100-800 bp
Voordelen NGS : short-read sequencing (75-
300bp)

- Testen van specifieke DNA sequenties
- Testen van aanwezigheid van mutaties in bepaald gen
Toepassing - Bevestiging van een vermoedelijke mutatie




Massieve Of MPS

, = gebasserd op totaal verschillende technologieën

!MPS of NGS drastische toename in

- Sequencing capaciteit
parallel
- Snelheid
 Gepaard met daling kost (=running cost)
DNAseq.
Ipv. Sequencing van opgezuiverde DNA fragmenten  miljoen DNA
fragmeten aanwezig in complexe DNA sample
werking
 Simultaan gesequenced ZONDER nood aan gel
elektroforese
 Schaal van sequencing evolueren van exonen & genen 
- Genoom sequencing = volledig genoom
- Targeted DNA sequencing v. vooraf gedefinieerde subset van genoom
zoals exoom of alle genen in = ziekte pahtway gelegen
GEVOLG
! mens  telt 180,000 exomen  +/- 1% van humaan genoom
- Transcriptoom sequencing
nadat total RNA geconverteerd naar cDNA
- Methyl-seq. = DNA methylatie sites te identificeren doorheen het genoom



Sanger dideoxy sequencing MPS

Gel
Integraal deel van proces /
elektroforese

Read lengte Up to 800 nucleotide 35-14,000 nucleotide

Number of DNA 10,000den – biljoenen of DNA fragmenten
1
templates  sequenceren tegelijktijdig

Advensed machines  laten 96 sequencing
Sequencing
reacties toe per elektroforese run 80Mb-1000Gb/run
throughput
 Rond 80Mb van DNA /run
Sequencing
Heel laag Significant hoog  individuele fragmeten
error rates
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