IBCLC A-D Test Questions & Answers Latest Updated

What structures in the nipple and areola cause the nipple to become erect and help in the discharge of milk? - Answer Rings of smooth muscle are located in the areola and nipple areas of the breast. When this muscle tissue constricts, the nipple becomes erect, and during lactation, this results in the discharge of milk. This region has an abundance of nerve endings, which are in close approximation to the arterioles that supply blood to the nipple and areola. Stimulation of the nipple by temperature change, touch, or sexual contact produces an increase in blood supply, which, in conjunction with the constriction of the smooth muscles, results in nipple erection. Cooper's ligaments provide support for the breast and aid in maintaining the breast's shape. ______ are the fiberous bands of tissues that connect the bones of the skull/ - Answer Cranial Sutures __________ changes during lactation due to increase in blood and lymph flow and because the milk ducts fill and empty many times a day - Answer breast texture __________ protect an infant by destroying cell walls of viruses in a process called cell-mediated immunity - Answer lymphocytes (83% are T cells) ____________ engulf and absorb pathogens and release IgA - Answer phagocytes _____________ promotes enlargement of the lobes, lobules, and alveoli - Answer progesterone 10-100 alveoli - Answer Each lobe contains from ____________ in an intricate system of ductules that branch out from the lobes to converge into lactiferous ducts behind the nipple 15-18 weeks gestation - Answer swallowing 15-20 lobes - Answer The breast contains ________ that carry milk through the ductules from the alveoli to the nipple 24 weeks - Answer gestational age that the swallowing reflex first appears 26 weeks gestation - Answer disorganized, random suckling 27-28 weeks gestation - Answer mouthing, single suck with long pause 32 weeks - Answer At what gestational age would an infant exhibit a sucking pattern with repeated bursts of more than 10 suckles 32 weeks gestation - Answer suck, with repeated bursts 34 weeks gestation - Answer more stable suck, burst and pause pattern 36-37 weeks gestation - Answer mature suck, stable suck with rythmic pattern 62.5°C for 30 minutes - Answer standard temperature and time for Holder pasteurization used in donor human milk banks is 70% of these cases are Graves Disease - Answer Hyperthyroidism A 9-day-old infant with cleft palate defects should NOT be positioned for feedings with its body: - Answer prone a baby's tongue is pressing on his mother's nipple against his hard palate. What is the nerve most responsible for this tongue movement - Answer the hypoglossal is the primary motor nerve of the tongue. a breast pump - Answer reduces resistance to milk outflow from the alveoli, allowing the internal pressure of the breast to push out the milk A chronic inflammatory condition with autoimmune and genetic disposition. During BF this might go into remission. - Answer Rheumatoid Arthritis a common side effect of rifampin - Answer is to turn BrM orange. It is a antibiotic for bacteria A genetic disease that causes secretion of thick gluey mucus that clogs the bronchial tubes, interfering with breathing, and blocks digestive enzymes from leaving the pancreas, causing incomplete digestion - Answer Cystic Fibrosis a milk-filled lacteal cyst - Answer galactocele A mother comes to you for help with breastfeeding her 3-week-old baby, stating, "He just doesn't seem to be able to get it right." When you observe the baby breastfeeding, you note that the baby has a highly erratic suck-swallow pattern and that he never develops a good rhythmic suckling action. Most likely to explain his sucking behavior. - Answer The baby's head is still quite molded. A mother complains of raw, inflamed skin on both areolas. Her infant is teething, has recently started solid foods and is taking an antibiotic for strep throat. The most likely cause of this areolar irritation is - Answer a bacterial infection of the nipple skin. A mother is found to be HIV positive as a result of artificial insemination. She breastfed her baby, who is now 6 months old, for the first 6 weeks. The child will MOST likely have: - Answer no symptoms of AIDS but may have HIV antibodies. a mother is uncertain about providing her own milk for her preterm baby and was tol d that her milk helps nerve development. Which sensory system is most compromised by the absence of human milk? - Answer the visual system is the last sensory system to develops during gestation and is therefore the most affected by preterm nutrition. Human milk makes the most difference in visual development because of fatty acid profiles A mother was given high doses of pain-relieving drugs during labor. When the baby's cord blood is tested for the presence of drugs, none is found. The most likely explanation is: - Answer Pain-relieving drugs are lipid soluble and concentrate in the infant brain. A mother who is becoming ill with influenza should continue breastfeeding her 5-month-old, exclusively breastfed child for all of the following reasons - Answer Her milk will quickly obtain specific antibodies to reduce the chance that her child will get this infection. Her milk contains white cells that will help her baby fight this infection. She will recover quicker without the additional burden of preparing artificial feeds. a mother who tests positive for TB can - Answer pump and feed for 2 weeks until it is safe for her to be in contact with her baby. A mother, 4 months postpartum, has a large lump at the 12:00 position on the areola. She can express a yellowish, thick fluid from the corresponding nipple pore. The LEAST likely cause of this lump is: - Answer a neoplasm a palpable lump of well defined margins and occurs close to the surface of the skin or deeper in the breast - Answer plugged milk duct A poor latch causes - Answer nipple damage a red tender spot in the breast that is warm to the touch characterizes a - Answer plugged milk duct a red, tender spot in the breast accompanied by a flulike muscular aching - Answer mastitis A seizure disorder that affects about 1.1 million women of child bearing age - Answer epilepsy a smooth round lump that moves easily when palpated and is harmless - Answer cyst or fibroadenoma. Needle aspiration will confirm diagnosis A walled off area of pus in the breast wit no opening for drainage. Surgical incisions, aspiration, and drainage are necessary to treat before it ruptures and allowing it to heal. It occurs when mastitis is left untreated, treatment is delayed or treated ineffectively. Ultrasound is used to identify. Breastfeeding can continue, but mother will need adjustments. - Answer Breast Abscess A woman with this condition will more than likely not be able to breastfeed, they will need close monitoring and assessment. There is no way to determine lactation success by looking at a mother's breast. - Answer Insufficient glandular tissue abducens - Answer innervates the alteral rectus muscle of the eyebal and abducts the eye, Cranial Nerve VI Acinus - Answer Any of the small sacs or alveoli that terminate the ducts and are lined with secretory cells. acinus - Answer smallest division of a gland; a group of secretory cells arrayed around a central cavity. secretes milk in the BR. Acitve Immunity - Answer is when the immune system formulates a longterm memory of exposure to a certain antigen. Later exposure to the same antigen will produce an immune response Acrocyanosis - Answer Bluish discoloration of the hands and feet in the newborn; peripheral cyanosis. Should not persist beyond 24 hours after birth. Active immunity - Answer Immunity conferred by the production of antibodies by one's own immune system. Active transport - Answer Passage of drug into breastmilk assisted by components in breastmilk. Active Tuberculosis - Answer Active TB: Do not breastfeed until treatment has been established for 14 days. Infant should be seperated from mother during this time. Mother may pump. No seperation necessary if baby is already infected.