Nutrition Comprehensive Final Exam questions and answers latest top score.

Nutrition Comprehensive Final Exam questions and answers latest top score. What is the caloric content (calories per g) of each of the six classes of nutrients? - correct anwsers.Carbohydrates=4 kcal/g Protein=4 kcal/g Fat=9 kcal/g Vitamins, Minerals, and Water don't yield/provide energy Of the 10 leading causes of death, which ones are directly linked to dietary habits? - correct disease, cancers, strokes, and diabetes mellitus According to DV, the system used on food labels, what is the daily recommended intake of fat in the diet? - correct anwsers.65 grams (30%) What is the daily recommended intake of saturated fat in the diet? - correct anwsers.20 grams (10%) What is the daily recommended intake of cholesterol in the diet? - correct anwsers.300 mg What is the daily recommended intake of carbohydrate (total) in the diet? - correct anwsers.300 g (60%) What is the daily recommended intake of protein in the diet? - correct anwsers.50 g (10%) What is the daily recommended intake of fiber in the diet? - correct anwsers.25 g What is the daily recommended intake of sodium in the diet? - correct anwsers.2400 mg What is the daily recommended intake of potassium in diet? - correct anwsers.3500 mg Describe saliva. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role. - correct anwsers.Made in the mouth. Made of water, electrolytes, and enzymes. Enzyme amylase is for carbohydrate digestion. Saliva begins chemical digestion and helps to moisten food so that it is easily swallowed. Describe HCl acid. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role? - correct anwsers.Made in stomach. Works in stomach. Kills bacteria, denatures protein, and activates pepsin. Describe pepsin. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role? - correct anwsers.Works in stomach. Digests proteins. Describe mucus. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role? - correct stomach. mucus protects muscles and the lining of the stomach. serves as a barrier between HCl and pepsin and the wall of the stomach. Describe sodium bicarbonate. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role? - correct in pancreas. works in small intestine. neutralizes acid by basic/alkaline sodium bicarbonate. Describe pancreatic enzymes. Where are they made? Where do they work? What is their composition. What is their role? - correct on all three energy nutrients (carbs, fats, and proteins) and the cells of the intestinal wall also possess digestive enzymes on their surfaces. made in pancreas. Describe bile. Where is it made? Where does it work? What is its composition. What is its role? - correct in the liver. concentrated in the gall bladder. works in the small intestine. composition: bile acids. role: bilirubin, emulsification, forms micelles Describe intestinal enzymes. Where are they made? Where do they work? What is their composition. What is its role? - correct in the small intestine. work in the small intestine. break down carbs, fats, and protein fragments. Describe circular folds. What are they? Where are they found? What is their role? - correct in small intestine and large intestine. increase surface area. promote nutrient absorption. Describe villi. What are they? Where are they found? What is their role? - correct rlike projections. found in small intestine. increase surface area. Describe microvilli. What are they? Where are they found? What is their role? - correct hair-like projections on each cell of every villus that traps nutrients and transports into cells. found in small intestine. increase SA. Describe the symptoms of lactose intolerance. - correct ing, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea. Identify the cause of lactose intolerance. - correct se activity commonly declines with age. lactase deficiency may also develop when the intestinal villi are damaged by disease, certain medicines, prolonged diarrhea, or malnutrition. intestinal damage may cause lactose malabsorption. rare cases-infant born with lactase deficiency, making feeding a challenge What is the prevalence of lactose intolerance among various ethnic groups? - correct low amongst Europeans and is highest among native North Americans and Southeast Asians. What are appropriate dietary changes for the treatment of lactose intolerance? - correct ase intake of milk products gradually, take them with other foods in meals, and spread their intake throughout the day. yogurt containing live bacteria seem to improve lactose intolerance. a change in number, type, and activity of GI bacteria. manage rather than restrict dairy products. Discuss the regulation of blood glucose throughout the day emphasizing key hormones and their effects. - correct ation of blood glucose: insulin and glucagon. insulin moves glucose from the blood into the cells. glucagon brings glucose out of storage when necessary. after a meal, blood glucose rises, special cells of the pancreas respond by secreting insulin into the body. when the blood glucose falls, other special cells of the pancreas respond by secreting glucagon into the blood. Glucagon raises blood glucose by signaling the liver to break down its glycogen stores and release glucose into the blood for use by all other body cells. Compare and contrast Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. - correct 1- less common, pancreas fails to produce insulin type 2-more common type of diabetes, the cells fail to respond to insulin (caused by obesity). Identify dietary sources of cholesterol. - correct l products and eggs Which foods contain triglycerides that are rich in saturated fatty acids? - correct at room temperature- butter, beef tallow, palm oil, lard, coconut oil Which foods contain triglycerides that are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids? - correct oil, peanuts, canola oil