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OCR A-Level Biology Cell Cycle Summary

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Handwritten Summary of all the A* content needed for Cell Cycle at Biology OCR A-Level.

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Mitosis The process of one
growing and dividing
to produce two identical
parent daughter cens
:


can


Interphase Periods of cen growth and normal
resting conditions
:




DNA is replicated and checked Normal cell function occurs and divide
:


Mitochondria
· ·




grow
↳ is split into G S G2
, ,




G : Proteins are produced and
organelles replicate
G , checkpoint : Cell size nutrients , ,
growth factors , DNA
damage
S :

DNA is replicated
G2 Cen continues to stores increase DNA is cheered for errors
grow energy
:

, ,




G : Checkpoint :
Cen size, DNA replication and damage
Go The cen leaves : the cen
cycle due to differentiation age ,
or
damage
/
centrioles
1 .
Chromatin fibers form Chromosomes , nuclear envelope breans down
++I17
/
chromosomes
2.
Spindle fibers form and attach to centromeres. on the chromosome it
C
+
.



X
microtubules
.
3
Prophase Centrioles move to poles


*** centrosome
·


Spindle fibers line the chromosomes up on the metaphase plate
Metaphase


axxx sistgromatios
+x separate
Centromeres divide
1

Anaphase 2 .



Spindle fibers contract chromatids , are pulled to the poles
⑩2 :
Chromosome pairs reassemble at the
in pole

W
nucleolus

nuclear
2 Nuclear envelope reforms
:
.
envolope

a

Telophase 3 .
Chromosome uncoil
forming a nucleolus




Animal (eus :
Plants :

⑭ III III I ill sinils 11I I

.
Cleavage furrow forms in the middle 1 .

Vesides form a cel plate in the middle

2
Cytoskeleton fuses the membrane 2 Cel wan forms along the cen plate
.

.




meiosis The two divisions of :

one parent cen to produce four haploid gamete ceus
meiosis 1 first division of
·



homologous chromosomes
:




↳ independent Assortment (metaphase 1) Random orientation of chromosome pairs
: -> variation

Crossing Over (Anaphase 1) Chromatic loci become tangled bream off and rejoin at chiasmata s variation
:


,




·

Meiosis 2 A :
reduction division forming haploid gamete
a

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October 9, 2023
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