Bonent Review Test Questions with Correct Solutions

During pre-treatment patients evaluation what is the best question for the PCT to ask? - How have you been since your last dialysis treatment? During the set- up of a machine the alarm test for conductivity fails. Which action would be best for the pct to take - Contact the biomed equipment tech The dialysis industry strives to improve the quality of patient outcomes. One way this is done is through continuous quality improvement (CQI) process. What is a model of the CQI process? - plan, do, check, and act Nephron - The functional unit of the kidney is called the Diabetes - The number one reason for chronic kidney failure is the united states is? What is the acid-base imbalance commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure? - Metabolic acidosis What are the functions of the kidney? - Fluid balance Electrolyte balance Elminates metabolic waste Approximately what percent of the cardiac output is received by the kidney's? - 23% What is considered an elevated serum potassium level for a dialysis patient? - 5.5 mEq/L Hormones made by the kidney are? - Erythropoietin Calcitriol Renin Hyperkalemia may cause - Serious or even deadly changes in the heart rhythm What is the PCT's role in patient teaching? - Reinforce teaching the patient may have received from the nurse, physician, dietitian, or other teammates What type of vascular access has fewest complications? - The a/v fistula Risks associated with a deionization (D.I) water treatment system? - Once a DI system is exhausted it releases all of the ions it once held. DI has caused most of the water treatment related deaths in patients. DI does not remove bacteria The absence of pathogens - Asepsis What organization establishes dialysis water quality standards? - Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) To make public drinking water safe municipal water supplies commonly treat water with chemical additives. These same additives must be removed from the water supply used for hemodialysis. Common drinking water additives are? - Chlorine and Ammonia Fluorine Alum Hemolysis - Bursting of red blood cells Hemodialysis infection control precautions are? - Dispose of needles in a puncture resistant color coded box. Always wear a protective gown where there is potential for contact with blood or body fluids. Promptly clean blood spills/splashes with appropriate disinfecting agent For patient or equipment contact. When troubleshooting the vascular access. Handling blood/body fluid samples. - Gloves must be worn The heparin sodium concentration commonly used in hemodialysis is - 1ml 1,000 units When should the PCT verify the absence of residual sterilant? - Immediately before initiating treatment If the extracorporeal circuit clots, it would be most important to monitor the patients? - Hemoglobin level One reason normal saline is used to prime the extracorporeal circuit prior to initiating treatment is to - Remove air What is the name of the instrument used to measure blood pressure? - Sphygmomanometer What would improve the adequacy of the dialysis treatment - Increase the treatment time During a hemodialysis treatment a patient goes into cardiac arrest. What should the PCT do first? - Call for help Prior to cannulation the technician notices the patient's a/v fistula is red and warm to the touch. These symptoms are most likely due to - Clotting Lab results indicate the patient's pre-treatment BUN value was lower than the post treatment BUN value. A potential cause could be - The pre-dialysis sample was taken from the venous line after the treatment started Half way through a treatment the technician notices a significant increase in transmembrane pressure. This is most likely due to - Clotting of the dialyzer A technician notices a drop of blood on the surface of a patient's hemodialysis machine. The best action is to - Clean the machine surface immediately When the technician accidentally spills undiluted bleach on the floor which resource will provide the PCT with the appropriate safety information and guidance on how to clean the spill? - The MSDS Osmosis - The movement of fluid from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration What is the most accurate measure of dialysis adequacy? - KT/V Diffusion - Solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration