Exploring Social Psychology 8th Edition By David Myers - Test Bank

1. Assuming that everyone else is staring at the pimple on your chin is an example of the A. transparency effect. B. audience effect. C. spotlight effect. D. headlight effect. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2. A study by Lawson (2010) had college students wear an "American Eagle" sweatshirt to a meeting with a group of peers. While _____ of these students were sure people would notice and remember the shirt, _____ did. A. 10 percent; 40 percent B. 20 percent; 60 percent C. 40 percent; 10 percent D. 60 percent; 20 percent Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3. A study by Gilovich et al. (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Which of the following concepts did this study explore? A. the transparency effect B. the audience effect C. the spotlight effect D. the headlight effect Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 4. A study by Gilovich et al. (2000) had undergraduate students enter a room wearing Barry Manilow T-shirts. Those wearing the T-shirts A. thought no one would notice them. B. overestimated how many peers would notice them. C. underestimated how many peers would notice them. D. were correct about how many peers would notice them. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5. Claire assumes that everyone in her class is able to notice her hate for her math teacher. She assumes that her emotions are easily detectable by everyone in her class. This is an example of A. the illusion of transparency. B. in-group bias. C. impact bias. D. the bandwagon effect. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6. Vincent assumes that everyone in his class is staring at his untidy shirt even though no one actually looked at it. This is an example of the A. bandwagon effect. B. contrast effect. C. spotlight effect. D. modality effect. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7. People belonging to individualistic cultures are most likely to A. respect and identify with the group to which they belong. B. be self-critical. C. have an identity that is self-contained. D. focus on establishing social connections with other people. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8. A person's completion of the phrase "I am _____" comprises his or her A. personality. B. self-schema. 3-1 Module 03 Self-Concept: Who Am I? C. self-esteem. D. self-concept. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9. _____ is defined as the beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. A. Personality B. Self-schema C. Self-esteem D. Self-concept Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10. _____ are mental templates by which we organize our worlds. A. Concepts B. Heuristics C. Schemas D. Perspectives Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11. The concept of giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications is A. high self-esteem. B. low self-esteem. C. individuality. D. individualism. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12. Which of the following maxims best represents the concept of individualism? A. Two heads are better than one. B. To thine own self be true. C. Father knows best. D. It takes a village to raise a child. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13. Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called A. cooperation. B. communality. C. collectivism. D. groupthink. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14. A person from a(n) _____ culture is most likely to say, "Went to the movies," and a person from a(n) _____ culture is most likely to say, "I went to the movies." A. individualistic; collectivistic B. collectivistic; individualistic C. self-centered; other-centered D. other-centered; self-centered Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15. In the United States, those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _____ than those living in the western mountain states. A. individualism B. collectivism C. self-esteem D. self awareness Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16. Political conservatives tend to be economic _____ and moral _____. A. individualists; collectivists B. collectivists; individualists C. progressives; traditionalists 3-2 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. D. traditionalists; progressives Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17. Political liberals tend to be economic _____ and moral _____. A. individualists; collectivists B. collectivists; individualists C. progressives; traditionalists D. traditionalists; progressives Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18. You overhear a neighbor say that she believes that gay marriage should be illegal, and that she favors tax cuts for the wealthy. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political A. liberal. B. conservative. C. independent. D. None of the answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19. You overhear a neighbor say that she believes that gay marriage should be legal, and that she opposes tax cuts for the wealthy. Knowing what you do about individualism and collectivism, you can conclude that your neighbor is likely to be a political A. liberal. B. conservative. C. independent. D. None of the answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20. Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) _____ culture. A. individualistic B. collectivistic C. self-centered D. other-centered Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21. Self-esteem is more personal and less relational in a(n) _____ culture. A. individualistic B. collectivistic C. self-centered D. other-centered Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22. In what type of culture would a threat to our personal identity (such as having someone tell us we are dumb or weird) cause us to be more upset than a threat to our collective identity (such as having someone ridicule students)? A. individualistic culture B. collectivistic culture C. self-centered culture D. other-centered culture Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23. Kitayama and Markus (2000) found that for American students, happiness comes from feeling A. close, friendly, and respectful. B. effective, superior, and proud. C. like part of a successful group. D. included and wanted. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24. Which of the following statements is true about predicting your own behaviors or relationships? A. You are the best predictor of your own behaviors. B. You can predict the fate of your relationships but not your behaviors. C. The people who know you can probably predict your behaviors better than you. 3-3 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. D. Neither you nor the people who know you can predict your behaviors or the fates of your relationships. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25. According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _____ of their emotions. A. the intensity B. the duration C. both the intensity and the duration D. neither the intensity nor the duration Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26. According to Woodzicka and LaFrance (2001), women reported that they would feel angry if asked sexually harassing questions during a job interview. When actually asked such questions, women more often experienced A. anger. B. rage. C. fear. D. submission. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27. When it comes to predicting the intensity and duration of our future emotions, research indicates that most people A. excel. B. experience great difficulty. C. perform moderately well. D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 28. Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future A. school performance. B. family situation. C. income. D. emotions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 29. You just broke up with someone that you had been dating for a few months. You are surprised at how upset you are over the breakup given that the relationship was not that serious. This is an example of how people have difficulty predicting the A. type of their future emotions. B. duration of their future emotions. C. frequency of their future emotions. D. intensity of their future emotions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 30. People belonging to collectivistic cultures are most likely to A. focus on personal spiritual growth and self-betterment. B. be critical of people in the group to which they belong. C. focus less on positive self-views. D. be self-reliant. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 31. Nigel assumed that it would take him two weeks to complete his college project. However, it took him two months to complete his project. Nigel admits that he underestimated the time required to complete the project. This is an example of A. the planning fallacy. B. the bandwagon effect. C. omission bias. D. the false consensus effect. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 32. The state of a "dual attitude system" exists when we have differing _____ and _____ attitudes. A. conscious; unconscious B. internal; external C. explicit: implicit D. positive; negative Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 33. Education and persuasion tend to change what type of attitudes? A. internal attitudes B. external attitudes C. implicit attitudes D. explicit attitudes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 34. Practice that forms new habits, albeit slowly, tends to change what type of attitudes? A. internal attitudes B. external attitudes C. implicit attitudes D. explicit attitudes Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 35. Which of the following statements represents the use of implicit attitude in an individual's decision-making process? A. Sharon says that she followed her instincts in her decision to buy her new car. B. Kenneth says that he browsed various internet forums to buy a book. C. John says that he took the decision to buy a particular stock based on the input he received from his stockbroker. D. Ramesh says that he took the decision to buy a piece of furniture based on the advice given by his father. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 36. When asked to describe himself, Joe says he is part of a fraternity on campus, the son of Barbara and Kevin, and Sally's boyfriend. Kitayama and Markus would label Joe as displaying a(n) A. transparent self. B. independent self. C. interdependent self. D. construed self. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 37. Collectivistic culture differs from individualistic culture in that in collectivistic culture A. conversation is less direct and more polite. B. people focus on making independent choices. C. people approve of egotism. D. self-esteem is more personal and less relational. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 38. What is the spotlight effect? Provide an example. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 39. How is the spotlight effect related to the illusion of transparency? Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 40. Compare and contrast individualistic and collectivist cultures. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 41. How is self-esteem different in individualistic and collectivist cultures? Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 42. Describe the dual attitude system.