BUS 395 Final Exam Questions & Answers Latest Updated

What is the Test Team's job? - Answer Test/quality control (risk mgmt and quality assessment) , quality assurance (test/QC mgmt and ensuring quality throughout the process) , and to make sure you're competent, staffed and politically supported for your role. Is independent testing a spectrum or linear? - Answer It's a spectrum. Outline the spectrum of independence from lowest to highest level of independence (6). - Answer (1) No independent testers. Developers test their own code. (2) Independent testers w/i the development teams. (3) Independent test team/group w/i the organization itself that reports to project or executive mgmt. (4) Independent testers from the business org. or user community. (5) Independent test specialists for specific test targets such as usability testers, security testers, or certification testers. (6) Independent testers outsourced or external to the organization. Why/when is independent testing necessary? - Answer Complex and critical applications require multiple levels of testing where some or all are done by independent testers. It is more effective at finding bugs than development testing. More unbiased. If independent testers want/have authority to require and define processes/rules.....they should have what kind of direction? - Answer Clear and precise. Benefits of Independence in Testing - Answer See more, other, and different bugs. Less biased. Verify assumptions made by people during specification and implementation of the system. Credibility in the industry. Tester career path. Drawbacks of Independence in Testing - Answer Isolation from the development team (if treated totally independent). Often seen as a bottleneck and blamed for delays. Programmers may lose a sense of responsibility for quality. Typical Tasks of Test Leads - Answer Devise test strategies and plans. Write/review test policy. Consult on testing for other project activities. Test estimation. Test resource acquisition. Lead specification, preparation, implementation, and execution of tests. Monitor/control test execution. Adapt the test plan based on test results. Ensure configuration mgmt of testware. Ensure traceability. Measure test progress, evaluate the quality of the testing and the product. Plan any test automation. Select tools and organize any tester training. Ensure implementation of the test environments. Schedule tests. Write test summary reports. Who might perform Test Leader activities? - Answer Project manager, development manager, quality assurance manager, or manager of a test group. Typical Tasks of Testers - Answer Review and contribute to test plans. Analyze, review, and assess user requirements/specs. Create test suites, cases, data and procedures. Set up the test environment. Implement tests on all test levels. Execute and log the tests, evaluate results and document problems found. Monitor testing using the appropriate tools. Automate tests. Measure performance of components and systems. Review each others' tests. Test Engineers - Answer Are technical peers of programmers. Chose testing as a specialty. Write test cases, organize test suites, create, customize, and use advanced test tools. Have unique skill set. Test Technicians - Answer Skilled and experienced testers. May be an aspiring test engineer. Runs tests, reports bugs, updates test status, and assists the test engineers. Other Test Team Members - Answer System and database administrators. Release and configuration engineers. Test tool smiths. When are Amateur Testers used? - Answer On many projects. They're often used as part or all of the test team. These teams possess strong skills in some areas, like business operations or technology. Have weak/no skills or substantial experience with testing. Amateur Tester - Answer Someone who does not test for a living. Typically include project managers, quality managers, programmers, business/domain experts, or IT operators. Balancing the Skill in a Test Team - Answer Should have 3 areas... 1 - Application (business) domain expert 2 - Skilled tester 3 - Technical guru The right mix of skills is based on the necessary tasks and activities. Why write and update test plans? - Answer To confront challenges, crystallize thinking, and adapt to change. To communicate plan to testers, peers, managers, etc... When should you consider multiple test plans? - Answer - Different time periods (phases and levels). - Different methodologies and tools (performance and functionality). - Different objectives (system test and beta test). - Different audiences (hardware and software test). *** May want a master test plan*** Why circulate one or two drafts of a test plan? - Answer To promote early feedback and discussion. Prevents wasted time if you're on the wrong track. Test Planning Activities - Answer Define test approach and test levels. Integrate and coordinate testing into the life cycle. Decide who, what, when, and how of testing. Assign resources for test tasks. Define the test documentation. Set the level of detail for test cases and procedures in order to provide enough info to support reproducible test prep and execution. Select test monitoring, controlling, and reporting metrics, charts, and reports (deliverables). IEEE 829 Test Plan Outline - Answer Test plan identifier. Intro - test items, features 2b tested/not tested. Approach - strategies, organization, extent of testing. Test criteria, deliverables, and tasks. Environmental needs. Responsibilities. Staffing, training, and schedule needs. Risks and contingencies. Approvals. Entry Criteria - Answer Defines and measures when the system is ready for a particular test phase - at the beginning of a test level or when a set of tests is ready for execution. - Deliverables ready and testable? - Test cases, data, environment, and tools ready? - Teams (developers, tests, others) ready? Becomes increasingly rigorous as the phases proceed. Analytical Testing Approach - Answer Based on a systematic analysis. i.e. risk-based testing where Dynamic (Heuristic) Testing Approach - Answer Testing that involves the execution of the software of a component or system. Where execution and evaluation are concurrent events. Model-based Testing Approach - Answer Testing based on a model of the component or system under test. i.e. reliability growth models, usage models such as operational profiles or behavioral models such as decision table or state transition diagram. Consultating Testing Approach - Answer Testing driven by the advice and guidance of appropriate experts from outside the test team (e.g., technology experts and/or business domain experts). Process-Compliant (Standard Compliant) Testing Approach - Answer Testing that follows a set of defined processes or a set standard. Often defined by an external party such as a standards committee. i.e. industry-specific standards or agile methodologies Regression-Averse Testing Approach - Answer Testing using various techniques to manage the risk of regression, e.g., by designing re-usable testware and by extensive automation of testing at one or more test levels. Methodical Testing Approach - Answer Testing based on a standard set of tests, e.g., checklist-based, error-based, quality characteristic-based. Typical Entry Criteria - Answer Test environment availability and readiness. Test tool readiness in the test environment. Testable code availability. Test data availability. Continuation Criteria - Answer Measures whether testing can efficiently and effectively proceed. Looks for test environment problems and test-blocking bugs in the system being tested. AKA "stopping criteria", which is rarely popular.