Test Bank For Criminal Justice 1st Canadian Edition by Gina

Chapter 03 - Policing Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 53) Who was Sir Robert Peel? A. Commander of the "Bobbies" in England. B. Created the North West Mounted Police. C. The first Canadian police officer. D. Ontario Provincial Police Commissioner. Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 2. (p. 54) Which one of the below is NOT one of Sir Robert Peel's principles? A. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder. B. The police are the public and the public are the police. C. Police seek and preserve public favour by catering to public opinion. D. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder. Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 3. (p. 54) In policing today, there is approximately 1 civilian employee (clerical, administrative, maintenance functions) for every ____ police officers. A. 10 B. 4 C. 2.5 D. 1.5 Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 3-1 Chapter 03 Policing Chapter 03 - Policing 4. (p. 55) Canada's federal police agency is the A. North West Mounted Police B. Royal Canadian Mounted Police C. Customs and Immigration Canada D. Canadian Border Service Agency Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 5. (p. 55-56) Which two provinces are responsible for policing themselves? A. Ontario and Quebec B. Quebec and New Brunswick C. Calgary and Ontario D. Ontario and New Brunswick Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 6. (p. 56) Which is the largest municipal police service in Canada? A. Surete de Quebec B. Montreal Police Service C. Royal Newfoundland Constabulary D. Toronto Police Service Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 7. (p. 58) The underlying principle of Aboriginal justice was to A. restore social order and resolve conflict B. prevent harm and resolve conflict C. restore social order and counsel victims D. restore social order and punish the offender Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 3-2 Chapter 03 - Policing 8. (p. 58) Which agency is responsible for protecting Canada from threats through terrorism, espionage, foreign interference, and cyber-tampering? A. Canadian Border Services Agency B. Canadian Security Intelligence Service C. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police D. The Government of Canada Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 9. (p. 59) The following is NOT a federal statute. A. The Police Services Act B. Canada Evidence Act C. Controlled Drug and Substance Act D. The Constitution Act Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 10. (p. 59) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was enacted in A. 2010 B. 2005 C. 1990 D. 1982 Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 11. (p. 61) When is it NOT acceptable for a police officer to use his/her discretion? A. When making an arrest B. When issuing a traffic ticket C. When investigating a youthful offender D. When investigating a domestic violence assault Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 3-3 Chapter 03 - Policing 12. (p. 63) Which is NOT one of the functions of the police? A. Crime prevention B. Community change through legislative change C. Law enforcement D. Emergency response Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 13. (p. 65) Community policing is an approach that recognizes the partnership and shared responsibility for crime prevention that exists between the police and the community, and involves skills and abilities to engage communities in ______________ problem solving. A. emergency B. cooperative C. shared D. proactive Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 14. (p. 66) Basic qualifications to become a police officer in Canada include: A. height, weight, previous criminal record B. race and religion C. age, fitness, moral character, driving ability, and eligibility to work in Canada D. post-secondary education, gender, place of origin Learning Objective: 03-05 Explain the recruitment; selection; and training process. 15. (p. 66) Although the minimum age for hire is 18, the RCMP reports that the average hiring age of their recruits is A. 19 B. 27 C. 25 D. 23 Learning Objective: 03-05 Explain the recruitment; selection; and training process. 3-4 Chapter 03 - Policing 3-5 Chapter 03 - Policing 16. (p. 67) The percentage of female officers in policing in Canada is A. 11 B. 21 C. 31 D. 41 Learning Objective: 03-05 Explain the recruitment; selection; and training process. 17. (p. 68) Which profession is twice as likely to be killed on the job as police officers? A. Fast food delivery workers B. Taxi drivers C. Teachers D. Train engineers Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 18. (p. 69) Oversight for police services at the municipal and regional levels is performed by a A. Police Advisory Board B. Citizen Coalition C. Accountability and Citizenship Board D. Police Services Board Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 19. (p. 71) In 2010, the cost of policing in Canada was approximately A. $21.6 billion B. $12.6 billion C. $6.21 billion D. $26.1 billion Learning Objective: 03-08 Identify ways in which policing is evaluated. 3-6 Chapter 03 - Policing 20. (p. 71-72) What is the most effective way to measure police productivity? A. There is not one best way to measure police productivity. B. Tabulate the number of criminal code incidents which are processed each year. C. Identify clearance rates which represent the number of cases solved. D. Measuring the level of fear in the community. Learning Objective: 03-08 Identify ways in which policing is evaluated. 21. (p. 72) Private security officers are hired to protect ___________ property. A. public B. valuable C. private D. public and private Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 22. (p. 72) According to Statistics Canada, there are _____ people employed in the private security industry for every police officer in Canada. A. three B. two C. seven D. four Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 23. (p. 72) Mandatory training in private security is a recent development, which aims to increase the ___________________ of the field. A. size B. professionalization C. speed of response D. liability Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 3-7 Chapter 03 - Policing 24. (p. 72) Comparing public police and private security personnel, private security services represent greater _____________. A. expertise B. motivation C. supervision D. diversity Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 25. (p. 73) In some circumstances we can consent to being searched by private security guards. When you understand what is being asked of you, and you are aware of your right to refuse, it is called A. professional practice B. full disclosure C. informed consent D. duress Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 26. (p. 73) Private security guards have no authority to search someone without his or her permission unless they have conducted a ___________________. A. cursory search B. citizen's arrest C. investigative detention D. seizure of property Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 3-8 Chapter 03 - Policing 27. (p. 51) Russell Williams was arrested based on circumstantial evidence called good old fashioned police work. What two key pieces of physical evidence were identified as belonging to him? A. Tire tracks and forensic evidence B. DNA and fingerprints C. DNA and tire marks D. Boot prints and tire tracks Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 28. (p. 52) Policing in early Canada was handled primarily by the military detachments stationed across Canada, until individual communities began to identify people who agreed to be ____________. A. Security guards B. Shire reeves C. Watchmen D. Supervisors Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 29. (p. 53) The Royal Canadian Mounted Police have had their headquarters in ______________ since 1920. A. Regina B. Aylmer C. Toronto D. Ottawa Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 3-9 Chapter 03 - Policing 30. (p. 53) As of 1873, the requirements to be hired as an RCMP officer included being A. Male or female B. Between the age of 17-35 C. Able to ride a horse D. Fully bilingual Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 31. (p. 54) As of 2011, there were 69,438 officers in Canada, which gives a ratio of ____ police officers for every 100,000 people. A. 100 B. 150 C. 201 D. 251 Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 32. (p. 59) Provincial police officers are sworn to enforce the laws within the province that employs them and their powers are limited to __________. A. the country of Canada B. any province in Canada C. the province that they are employed in D. the municipality where they provide policing service Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 33. (p. 59) The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is a part of the _____________. A. Search and Seizure legislation B. Constitutional Amendments C. Criminal Code of Canada D. Constitution Act Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 3-10 Chapter 03 - Policing 34. (p. 60) Section 8 of the Charter is important to understand as it states that A. Everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned B. Everyone has the right to be secure against unreasonable search or seizure C. Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of the person D. Everyone has the right to equality in the eyes of the law Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 35. (p. 61) Even though section 9 of the Charter states everyone has the right not to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned A. police can detain anyone at any time and do not have to justify why B. the Charter does not have to be followed by the police C. the courts have determined that random traffic stops are justified D. the officer's discretion overrides the need to abide by the Charter Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 36. (p. 61) Police discretion is limited in the following situation: A. an officer finds a youthful offender with a stolen chocolate bar in his possession B. an officer must ask for permission before using force on any person C. a police officer must ask before he/she handcuffs a suspect D. an officer is driving his police vehicle in pursuit of another vehicle Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 37. (p. 62) The most visible members in their day to day work in the criminal justice system are A. the police B. the Crown attorneys C. the judges D. the defense attorneys Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-11 Chapter 03 - Policing 38. (p. 68) Between 1961 and 2009, how many police officers were murdered in the line of duty in Canada? A. 33 B. 133 C. 233 D. 333 Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 39. (p. 68) Which is NOT one of the side effects of shift work? A. sleep deficit B. high blood pressure C. alcoholism D. depression Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 40. (p. 69) What is the main criticism of the internal police investigative process, the Professional Standards unit? A. corrupt practice B. low quality of internal investigation C. lack of accountability to the Special Investigation Unit D. lack of transparency when the police are investigating their own Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 41. (p. 71) Police services budgets across Canada have increased steadily. Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as a reason for this? A. more police officers have been hired B. the majority of the budget is spent on salaries and benefits C. Canadians are content with the service they receive and see the cost as acceptable D. the cost of technology is driving up the cost for adequate policing service provision Learning Objective: 03-08 Identify ways in which policing is evaluated. 3-12 Chapter 03 - Policing 3-13 Chapter 03 - Policing 42. (p. 72) The clearance rate of 39 indicates that A. 39 offenders were arrested that year B. 39 percent of all reported offences were cleared by charge or other form of clearance C. 39 percent of all reported offences were never solved D. 39 police officers made arrests Learning Objective: 03-08 Identify ways in which policing is evaluated. 43. (p. 72) Which of the following statements does NOT apply to private security officers? A. they are hired to protect public property B. they secure areas such as sports venues, shopping malls, and businesses C. private security can meet the specific needs of an organization D. there has been a move towards more consistency and professionalism within the industry lately Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 44. (p. 73) The powers of private security officers are A. the same as police powers B. dependent on their training and expertise C. no different than those of an ordinary citizen D. different whether they are on duty or off Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 45. (p. 73) The power for anyone to arrest without warrant does NOT include A. a person whom he/she finds committing a summary conviction offence B. a person whom he/she finds committing an indictable offence C. a person who has committed a criminal offence and is escaping from and freshly pursued by persons who have lawful authority to arrest that person D. a person whom he/she finds committing a robbery Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 3-14 Chapter 03 - Policing 46. (p. 73) Private security guards can search someone who A. has been arrested for being suspicious B. wants to enter a sporting event where a condition of entry is that they consent to being searched C. is the driver of a car, including the car itself D. they believe is in possession of drugs Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 47. (p. 73) Informed consent means A. you understand what you have been told, and know you must comply B. you don't feel that you can refuse, so you comply C. you don't understand what is being asked of you, but you agree D. you understand what is being asked of you, and you are aware of your right to refuse Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 48. (p. 73) Once a citizen's arrest is made A. you must take them immediately to the nearest court house B. the Crown Attorney must be contacted C. a police officer must be notified D. a police officer must intervene to conclude the process Learning Objective: 03-09 Describe the role of private police in Canada. 49. (p. 63) General police functions include A. criminal investigation and behavioural profiling B. travel information and assistance C. criminal investigation, crime prevention, emergency response D. emergency response and tactical deployment Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-15 Chapter 03 - Policing 50. (p. 63) An example of proactive policing is when A. an officer stops a car following a high-speed chase B. an officer walks through a park at dusk C. an officer meets with a victim of sexual abuse D. an officer interviews a suspect for a robbery Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. Short Answer Questions 51. (p. 55-56) List and describe the three levels of policing in Canada. Federal: With a mandate to police approximately 75 percent of Canada's geography, the RCMP is the largest police service in Canada. Their services include maintaining national databases; and special services include forensic sciences analysis, criminal intelligence, and police training. Provincial: In Ontario, provincial policing rests with the OPP, and in Quebec with the Sûreté du Québec. All other provinces and territories have agreements that the RCMP police their jurisdictions. Municipal: Municipal policing refers to policing urban centres, areas with a dense population, throughout Canada. Often called city or regional police. Municipalities can either form their own police service, join a neighbouring service, or contract provincial police or RCMP. Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 52. (p. 56) Which Municipal police service is the largest with 5,588 sworn police officers? The Toronto Police Service. Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 3-16 Chapter 03 - Policing 53. (p. 61) What is police discretion and what are the limits to it? Decisions on limiting police discretion are made to ensure that an individual officer's decisions are consistent with the goals and priorities of society overall. Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 54. (p. 62) Describe the rank structure used by police services. Police services are organized in a "top down" bureaucratic structure with a clear path of reporting and supervision. The rank structure is hierarchical in nature whereby the Chief or Commissioner holds the highest rank and is the commanding officer. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 55. (p. 62) Compare the clearance rates of police crime shows versus real life police work. Police on television are far more successful than police in real life. One study indicated that on television the police have a 90 percent clearance rate, compared to real life where clearance rates are significantly lower at an average of 39 percent. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 56. (p. 65) Describe the Crime Stoppers program. Crime Stoppers is an international organization that facilitates a partnership between the public, the police, and the media. This proactive program encourages the general public to assist the police anonymously to solve crimes. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-17 Chapter 03 - Policing 57. (p. 69) Who are the members of the Police Services Board? The board membership consists of both politicians and civilians. Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 58. (p. 70) Describe the Special Investigation Unit in Ontario. The Special Investigation Unit (SIU) is a civilian unit, established in 1990, independent of the police. The SIU investigates circumstances involving police and civilians that have resulted in serious injury, including sexual assault or death. Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 59. (p. 71) Give one example of a public commission. Examples of such commissions include: Report on the Police Complaints System in Ontario (Patrick LeSage, Q.C., 2005) The Missing Women Commission of Inquiry (regarding the Robert William Pickton case) Bernardo Investigation Review (Mr. Justice Archie Campbell, 1996) Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Deaths at the Hospital for Sick Children and Related Matters (Mr. Justice Samuel Grange, 1984) Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 60. (p. 70) How does the media play a role in police accountability? The media play a significant role in exposing situations that question police accountability. We have seen a number of examples where the media have raised questions about police conduct and raised awareness and a call for further examination. Learning Objective: 03-07 Outline types of police accountability and oversight. 3-18 Chapter 03 - Policing 61. (p. 51) Russell Williams was sentenced to life imprisonment, but he may be eligible for release at 72 years of age. Explain how this is possible. Life imprisonment actually means that an offender must serve 25 years in prison, however he may then apply for parole at that time. Learning Objective: 03-01 Describe the history of policing in Canada. 62. (p. 58-59) Describe the role of CSIS in relation to other law enforcement agencies in Canada. The intelligence gathered by CSIS complements and supports the work being done by law enforcement agencies across Canada. Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 63. (p. 59) What is a Police Act and what does it do? Each police service in Canada is governed by a Police Act, a legislative framework within their jurisdiction that identifies rules, regulations, procedures, and processes. Each Act also clarifies the role and function of the police. Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 64. (p. 63) Policing is both proactive and reactive. Define these terms and explain. It is proactive when police engage in crime prevention activities intended to reduce or eliminate crime. It is reactive when the police respond to a crime or an emergency situation. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-19 Chapter 03 - Policing 65. (p. 64) List the different methods of transportation used for police patrol. Marked or unmarked cars, foot, bike, horseback, helicopter, and boat. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 66. (p. 63) Define crime prevention. Crime prevention refers to both formal and informal actions intended to reduce the incidence of criminal activity. The police are involved in crime prevention programs and perform daily activities that deter crime. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 67. (p. 66-67) What are the three types of training that a police officer will have to take? Recruit training, field training, and in-service training. Learning Objective: 03-05 Explain the recruitment; selection; and training process. 68. (p. 68) What are employee assistance programs (EAP)? The EAP includes professional guidance from psychologists and counsellors, and can also include peer counselling, where police officers are trained to support others. Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 3-20 Chapter 03 - Policing True / False Questions 69. (p. 55-56) The RCMP provides contract policing services in Ontario. FALSE The Ontario Provincial Police polices Ontario. Learning Objective: 03-02 Identify the organization of policing in Canada. 70. (p. 59) All police powers, whether they are statute law or common law, are subject to the constitutional protection of the Charter. TRUE Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 71. (p. 65) Foot patrols can be engaged to support a proactive, problem-solving strategy where community relations are improved in an effort to prevent crime. TRUE Learning Objective: 03-03 Identify the legislation that governs police in Canada. 72. (p. 68) Police officers experience more stress from operational issues than organizational issues. FALSE Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 3-21 Chapter 03 - Policing 73. (p. 68) Some research has suggested that a lifetime of shift work may contribute to the onset of health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. TRUE Learning Objective: 03-06 Recognize the stresses related to police work. 74. (p. 63) When the police attend an emergency call, this is considered proactive policing. FALSE Reactive policing Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 75. (p. 63) Police officers engage in both proactive and reactive policing. TRUE Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 76. (p. 62) The organizational structure of policing services can be described as pseudo- military. FALSE Paramilitary Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-22 Chapter 03 - Policing 77. (p. 62) The Crown attorney is the most visible player within the criminal justice system. FALSE Police Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 3-23 Chapter 03 - Policing 78. (p. 62) The clearance rate (the rate at which cases are solved) is similar when comparing real life cases to television portrayals. FALSE Television shows have a much higher clearance rate. Learning Objective: 03-04 Describe the role and function of policing. 79. (p. 59) Federal statutory legislation that governs police activity across Canada includes the Youth Criminal Justice Act. TRUE