Test Bank For Corrections Today 3rd Edition by Larry J. Siegel

1. Individuals who would agree to make themselves responsible for offenders who had been released from custody are called: a. sureties. b. entities. c. trustees. d. fallons. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 2. What is the practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state? a. banishment b. judicial reprieve c. probation d. recognizance ANSWER: d REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 3. Probation began in 1841 with the volunteer services of: a. Howard. b. Manconochie. c. Bentham. d. Augustus. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 4. The ____________________ is a correctional approach aimed at returning offenders to the community as soon as possible. a. reintegrative philosophy b. reintegrative shaming c. rehabilitation philosophy d. reinstatement philosophy ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 5. What jurisdiction was the first to implement probation as a form of criminal sanction? a. Georgia b. California c. Massachusetts d. Texas ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 6. The most common form of criminal sanction during the 20th century was: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1 a. probation. b. restitution. c. Prison. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d. Jail. a The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 7. The philosophy driving community-based corrections is: a. rehabilitation b. reintegrative c. restitution ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d. reactive b The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 8. The state-based act through which local governments receive subsidies for diverting minor offenders is the: a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Community Shares Act Intergovernmental Agreement Act Community Corrections Act Local Community Crimes-Based Act c The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of CCAs? a. CCAs are created by each state’s supreme court. b. CCAs call for decentralized program design and delivery. c. CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens may play. d. CCAs endorse locally determined sanctions and services. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 10. Historically, diversion programs were used for: a. first-timeoryouthfuloffenders. c. mentallydisorderedoffenders. ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Diversion b. thosesuspectedofminoroffenses. d. allofthese. LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 11. Which of the following is Not a goal of diversion today? Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2 a. avoiding the harsh impacts of incarceration b. providing a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from c. dealing with the punitively oriented alternative d. providing a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 12. What takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution? a. c. ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 13. Which of the following is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system? ANSWER: REFERENCES: d absolute diversion b. real diversion statutory diversion d. true diversion d LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ANSWER: REFERENCES: Diversion a. c. Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 14. A program to divert drug abusers from the criminal justice system into specialized support services is known as: a. Drug Abuse Alternatives. b. Addiction Recovery Program. c. Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime. d. Safe House Recovery Program. ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 15. Probation sentences are for: a. c. ANSWER: an unlimited time. all misdemeanants. b. d. a fixed period. a time set by the probation officer. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3 BASC b. DASC MASC d. TASC c LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ANSWER: REFERENCES: Diversion b REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 16. If the rules of probation are not followed by the probationer, probation can be: a. c. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. changed to include harsher rules. d. all of these choices. d Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember extended. revoked. 17. ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. a. b. c. d. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember Community service Financial restitution Restorative service Center probation 18. Which of the following is Not a feature of probation? a. prison time c. payment of fees ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. drug testing d. regular employment a Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 19. Why are so many probationers HIV positive? a. c. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. risky sexual behavior d. none of these high rates of injection drug use both a and b a. c. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: c Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4 c Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 20. About ____________________ of all probationers are felons. one-fourth b. one-half d. one-third two-thirds KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 21. During the 1980s and 1990s, many large correctional and community supervision agencies adopted new policies that were known as a: a. rehabilitation management system. b. reformation management system. c. risk management system. d. strategic management system. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Remember 22. Which of the following is Not one of the features of “the new penology”? a. It conceives of crime as a systemic phenomenon and crime policy as a problem of actuarial risk management. b. It embraces the objective of risk management and the management of the system itself. c. Techniques of profiling and screening are used as ways of improving control over penal agents and subjects. d. It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Remember 23. Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent. a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 50 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Remember 24. The United States has approximately ____________________ adult probation agencies. a. c. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 500 b. 2,000 1,200 d. 1,000 25. Recidivism rises as probation caseload size ____________________. a. increases c. remains static b. decreases d. none of these choices Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 5 ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 26. A report used at a sentencing hearing is a PSI. This means: a. post sentencing inquiry. b. pre release system interrogatory. c. pre sentence investigation. d. pre selected investigation. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 27. In ____________________, the U.S. Supreme Court held that probationers have fewer constitutional protections than the general public and specifically that their homes can be searched without a warrant. a. List v. Indiana University of Pennsylvania b. Griffin v. Wisconsin c. Gagnon v. Scarpelli ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d. Gardner v. Florida CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember a. c. ANSWER: REFERENCES: Probation b Probation 28. Disclosure of PSI to defense counsel in a death penalty case was held permissible by which U.S. Supreme Court case? Bell v. Citadel b. Roethlisberger v. Georgia Jackson v. United States d. Gardner v. Florida LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 29. A sentence delaying conviction on a guilty plea until after probation is served is a: a. bench probation. b. deferred sentence. c. shock probation. d. split probation. IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 30. Suspending the remainder of a sentence after serving a period of time in prison is: b LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising ANSWER: REFERENCES: Probation a. shock probation. c. deferred probation. b. bench probation. d. split probation. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 6 ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 31. A type of probation in which the probationer is not supervised is: a. shock probation. b. deferred probation. c. split probation. d. bench probation. IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 32. A sentence requiring an offender to serve time in jail or prison before a probation placement is a: a. conveyed sentence. b. bench probation. c. split sentence. d. shock probation. IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 33. Intensive supervised probation (ISP) was started in: a. Georgia. Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 34. In evaluations of ISP programs, the amount of criminal offending: a. increased. b. declined. c. doubled. d. did not change. b d LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising ANSWER: REFERENCES: Probation c LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising ANSWER: REFERENCES: Probation ANSWER: REFERENCES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: c. New York. a b. California. d. Florida. Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember Governor Jones is interested in passing a law to increase the use of community-based corrections in his state. He travels to Minnesota to meet with lawmakers to discuss their corrections system. There, he learns about Minnesota’s Community Corrections Act. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 7 35. Governor Jones is impressed by Minnesota’s community-oriented corrections. He wants to implement many of the same policies when he returns to his state. Which of the following would most likely Not be part of a community corrections act if Governor Jones would use existing CCAs as a template for his new legislation? a. The law would be judicially authorized. REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: 36. Governor Jones is also an advocate of diversion programs. Which of the following would not be a goal of a diversion program? a. Avoid the harsh impacts of incarceration. b. Scare people first with incarceration and then place them on probation. c. Provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from. d. Deals with the economic and social factors associated with crime. ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 37. Governor Jones believes that offenders should have their criminal prosecution dropped upon successful completion of their required programs. This is known as ____________________ diversion. a. absolute b. real c. static d. true ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 38. Governor Jones flies back to his state and schedules an emergency meeting with the head probation officials. He wants to discuss the probation population. Governor Jones is surprised to learn that many of the individuals on probation in his state are representative of the national statistics and that most of the probationers are: a. African American females. b. African American males. c. Hispanic males. d. White males. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. There would be a decentralized program design and delivery. c. The CCA would be authorized statewide. d. The CCA would provide for citizen involvement. ANSWER: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8 a The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember d Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 39. Governor Jones is also surprised to learn about the reasons people are on probation. If Governor Jones’ state is similar to national statistics, what offense have the largest percentage of probationers been convicted of? a. domestic violence b. property offenses c. arson d. none of the above ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember Jack was just placed on probation for the crime of burglary. He has been arrested several times but never convicted of a crime. Last year, he was arrested and placed in the TASC program. He successfully completed this program and remained out of trouble for 1 year. 40. Why would Jack have been placed in the TASC program last year? a. Jack was abusive to his wife. b. Jack was a child molester. c. Jack was a drug abuser. d. Jack was a shop lifter. ANSWER: c REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 41. One of the conditions of Jack’s probation is that he pays back the victim of his burglary the amount of loss and damage that he caused. What is this payment called? a. community service b. fine c. retribution d. restitution ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 42. In Jack’s case, who had the final approval in the decision of probation? a. judge b. jury c. probation officer d. victim ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 43. In the state where Jack will be serving his probation, there is a locally administered probation department. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9 Despite the fact that probation is a local responsibility here, which of the following is the state still accountable for? a. providing financial support b. setting standards c. arranging training courses d. all of these ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: d Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 44. Before he was placed on probation, a presentence investigation report was prepared. Who was responsible for preparing this report? a. judge b. jury c. probation officer d. victim ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: c Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 45. One of the major purposes of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False False The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 46. In the middle of the 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Augustus in Massachusetts. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False True The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 47. Since the first and most developed community corrections act took place in Minnesota, about 25 states have implemented CCAs for adults. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True The Development of Community Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 10 48. Most diversionary interventions take place prior to trial. a. True b. False REFERENCES: Diversion ANSWER: True LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 49. True diversion takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 50. Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 51. The TASC program was designed to divert drug dealers away from the criminal justice system. a. True b. False REFERENCES: Diversion ANSWER: False LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 52. TASC, or team-administered sexual comprehension, programs, are aimed at treating sexual predators for reintegration back into society. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11 53. Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 54. Probation is used only with petty offenders. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False False Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 55. In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False True Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 56. Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 57. Probationers account for more than 50 percent of the correctional growth since 1990. a. True b. False ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: True Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 58. A risk management correctional system is more focused on providing treatment services for offenders than regulating or controlling them. a. True b. False Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 12 ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: False Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Remember 59. Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. True b. False True Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 60. Today, all states utilize private probation services of low-risk offenders. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False False Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 61. In most states, a PSI report must be prepared regardless of whether the offender is eligible for probation. a. True ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: b. False True Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 62. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: a. b. True False False Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 63. Revocation of probation because of a new crime is referred to as a technical violation. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 13 a. b. True False False Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 64. All 50 states now impose some form of fee on probationers to defray the cost of probation and other community programs. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 65. Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 66. Under intensive probation, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 67. Gender appears to affect probationer’s effectiveness. a. True b. False LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 68. Shock probation calls for the shock of a few weeks in prison for a first-time offender followed by a standard term of probation. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 14 ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Probation KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 69. ____________________ was designed to require sex offenders to register with local law enforcement agencies. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Megan’s law The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 70. A ____________________ is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: judicial reprieve The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 71. ____________________ was a practice that permitted convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt obligation with the state. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Recognizance The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 72. ____________________ is credited with the creation of probation in Boston in 1785. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: John Augustus The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 73. State-based acts that subsidize diversion of minor offenders from state prisons are ____________________. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Community corrections acts The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Remember 74. ____________________ takes place when an offender is referred to a program and the completion of this program will enable him or her to avoid criminal prosecution. ANSWER: True diversion REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 75. The ____________________ program is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system and into the jurisdiction of agencies offering specialized support services Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 15 ANSWER: treatment alternatives to street crime (TASC) REFERENCES: Diversion LEARNING OBJECTIVCORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the ES: advantages and disadvantages KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 76. Financial ____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. ANSWER: restitution REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 77. ____________________ requires an offender to perform a certain number of work hours at a private nonprofit or government agency. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Community service Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Remember 78. A correctional system that is focused more on regulating and controlling offenders than on providing treatment or services for them is referred to as a ____________________. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: risk management system Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Remember 79. The basic functions of a probation officer’s job include supervision, investigation, and ____________________. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: surveillance Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 80. A ____________________ helps the court decide whether to grant probation and helps determine the conditions of probation. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: presentence investigation Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Remember 81. A violation of the rules or terms of probation or the commitment of a new crime can result in ____________________ of probation. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: revocation Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 16 KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 82. A ____________________ occurs when a probationer violates one of the rules of probation, such as not meeting with his or her probation officer. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: technical violation Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 83. In ____________________, the Court ruled that the probation officer–client relationship is not confidential, as attorney–client or physician–patient relationships are. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Minnesota v. Murphy (1984) Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 84. In ____________________, the Court upheld the legality of a warrantless search of a probationer’s home for the purposes of gathering criminal evidence. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: United States v. Knights (2001) Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 85. In ____________________, the Court held that both probationers and parolees have a constitutionally limited right to counsel in revocation proceedings. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 86. In _________________________, the Court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant’s probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: KEYWORDS: Bearden v. Georgia Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Remember 87. A ____________________ is a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her probation term. ANSWER: deferred sentence REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 88. A ____________________ requires an offender to spend a period of time in jail before being placed on probation in the community. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 17 ANSWER: split sentence REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 89. Under ____________________, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services. ANSWER: intensive probation REFERENCES: Probation LEARNING OBJECT CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising IVES: programs in probation services KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Remember 90. Explain community corrections acts and their common characteristics. ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: A community corrections act is a law passed by a state legislature where the state grants funds to local units of government to plan, develop, and deliver correctional services and sanctions. Approximately 25 states have implemented CCAs for adults. They call for decentralized program design and delivery. They provide for local control of the process employed to serve as the basis for the development, implementation, and modification of local correctional sanctions and services. CCAs provide for citizen involvement and specify roles that citizens play. CCAs also endorse locally determined sanctions and services that are to be delivered at the local level. The Development of Community-Based Corrections CORT.SIEG.16.03.01 - Explain what is meant by the term community corrections act Bloom's: Understand 91. What are the goals of diversion programs? KEYWORDS: Diversion programs are designed to help offenders avoid the stigma of a criminal conviction. Diversion programs can accomplish this by avoiding the harsh and criminogenic impacts of incarceration or prison. They also provide a range of alternatives for decision makers to choose from. Also, they provide a “more justifying justice” for victims and communities. Diversion programs also deal with the economic, social, and personal factors associated with crime, rather than the punitively oriented alternative. Diversion CORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the advantages and disadvantages Bloom's: Understand 92. Discuss the TASC program. KEYWORDS: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18 ANSWER: TASC stands for treatment alternatives to street crime. This program is the most widespread of the various national programs that have been designed to divert drug abusers away from the criminal justice system and into other agencies that offer specialized support services. In TASC, there is a screening unit that attempts to identify drug users entering the criminal justice system and to offer the program to those who are eligible. The intake unit then diagnoses each offender referred to it and recommends the appropriate treatment program. The tracking unit then closely monitors the progress of the client. Those who violate are returned to the criminal justice system for the appropriate action. TASC programs are a cost- effective way of delivering treatment because of their ability to identify and link appropriate services to drug-involved individuals. Diversion CORT.SIEG.16.03.02 - Compare the main types of diversion programs and identify the advantages and disadvantages Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: 93. Discuss the probation population in the United States today. Specifically, discuss who is more likely to be on probation, what offenses are probationers more likely to have committed, and what states have the majority of probationers. ANSWER: There are more than 4 million adults on probation in the United States today. Most probationers are concentrated in a few states, including Georgia, Texas, California, Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. Probationers account for more than half the growth in the correctional population since 1990. White males make up more than half of the adults on probation, and 50 percent of all probationers have been convicted of a felony, including drug offenses, property offenses, and violent offenses. Also, 76 percent of probationers are male. Illegal drug use is a problem for probationers. Probationers are more likely than others to have mental health problems. High rates of injection drug use and risky sexual behavior also result in many probationers testing HIV positive. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.03 - Discuss the advantages of being placed on probation Bloom's: Understand 94. Discuss Feeley and Simon’s “new penology.” REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: The movement in probation and parole toward a risk management system is known as the “new penology.” The focus is on goals aimed at regulating groups of offenders. The language of new penology is anchored in the discourse of system analysis and operations research. Crime is seen as a systemic phenomenon, and crime policy is seen as a problem of actuarial risk management. New penology embraces the policy of risk management and the management of the system itself. Administrative techniques of new penology are adapted from the world of insurance, financial management, and even retailing. These are techniques that improve administrative knowledge of control over penal agents and subjects. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.04 - Explain the risk assessment models and their current emphasis Bloom's: Understand 95. Discuss at least two pros and two cons of a locally operated probation department. KEYWORDS: Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 19 ANSWER: There are approximately 2,000 adult probation agencies in the United States. More than half are associated with a state-level agency, and in about one-fourth of the states, probation is a local responsibility. In locally operated probation departments, the state is still required to provide financial support, setting standards, and training courses. An argument for locally operated probation departments is that citizens and agencies of the community more readily support programs that are open to their participation and are responsive to local needs and problems. Small operations are also more flexible, adjust more quickly to change, and are less encumbered by bureaucratic rigidity. There are three arguments against a local probation agency. A state-administered probation system can set standards of service that will ensure uniformity of procedures, policies, and services. A larger agency can make more effective use of funds and personnel. Greater efficiency in the disposition of resources is also possible when all probation officers are state employees. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Understand 96. Discuss the three basic functions of an adult probation officer. REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ANSWER: KEYWORDS: The three basic functions of an adult probation officer are to manage a caseload, to supervise adult probationers, and to make presentence investigation and other reports to the court. Through case management, the officer is required to determine as much as possible whether a client is obeying the law and complying with the terms of probation. If not, they follow up on the violation. Effective supervision is critical because it protects the department from civil liability. Some probation officers are required to complete a presentence investigation report. The presentence investigation report usually helps the court to decide whether to grant probation, determine the conditions of probation, determine the length of the sentence, and decide on community or institutional-based placement for defendants. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered Bloom's: Understand 97. What are the usual six categories in a presentence investigation report? KEYWORDS: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.05 - Describe the various ways probation is administered PSI reports usually have the following six categories: ∙ Information about the offense and a description of its exact nature. ∙ The defendant’s prior record, including juvenile adjudications. Background information on the defendant’s upbringing, education background, ∙ employment, marital situation, physical and emotional health, military service, ∙ ∙ ∙ financial situation. A statement by the prosecution about what the appropriate disposition should be A summary of the foregoing information along with sentencing alternatives available to the court. The probation officer’s recommendation on the most appropriate sentence, based on the information in the report. Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 20 KEYWORDS: Bloom's: Understand 98. Discuss probation revocation and the four cases where the Supreme Court provided procedural safeguards to apply at proceedings to revoke probation. ANSWER: A violation of the terms or probation or committing a new crime can result in the revocation of probation. Revocation because of a rule violation is known as a technical violation. Violations of probation have led to an increase in offenders being returned to prison. This is contributing to the increase in the costs of corrections. Revocation is not an easy decision. The probation officer is notified of the violation and a formal hearing is scheduled. There are certain procedural due process rights at this hearing. In Mempha v. Rhay, the court reversed the probationer’s revocation because he did not have counsel at his revocation hearing. In Gagnon v. Scarpelli, the Court held that both probationers and parolees have a limited right to counsel in revocation hearings. Here, it was determined that the probationers must be provided with counsel to ensure equal protection. In Bearden v. Georgia, the court ruled that a judge cannot revoke a defendant’s probation for failure to pay a fine and make restitution, unless the probationer is responsible for this failure. In Unites States v. Granderson, the Court ruled that it would be unfair to force a probationer to serve more time in prison as a result of a revocation of probation than one would have if originally incarcerated. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.06 - Clarify the legal rights of probationers Bloom's: Understand 99. What are three ideas discussed in the text that can improve the effectiveness of probation? REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: ANSWER: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: KEYWORDS: Several steps are necessary to improve probation effectiveness. More financial resources must be provided to implement quality programming for appropriate probation target groups. The credibility of probation with the public and the judiciary must be improved. More innovative probations in probation across the nation need to be implemented. Probation must also be a priority research topic in order to identify proven methods of reducing offender recidivism. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising programs in probation services Bloom's: Understand 100. Discuss some of the contemporary approaches with probation due to increased caseloads and fewer probationers. ANSWER: With an expanding caseload and greater responsibility to treat and care for nontraditional clients, probation departments have or are now developing a variety of new programs to amplify the effectiveness of community corrections. Some of the ongoing programs include: Deferred sentence: This variation delays conviction on a guilty plea until the completion of a term of probation, at which time the offender withdraws the guilty plea. The court dismisses the charge, thereby clearing the offender’s record of a conviction. Shock probation: This calls for the shock of a few weeks in prison for a first-time offender followed by a standard term of probation. Split sentence: Used by some jurisdictions, offenders spend a period of time in jail before being placed on Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 21 REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJE CTIVES: KEYWORDS: probation in the community, or they are sentenced to a number of weekends in jail while remaining in the community on probation status during the week. In addition, intense supervision and bench probation are used in some jurisdictions depending on availability and caseloads. Probation CORT.SIEG.16.03.07 - Evaluate the effectiveness of probation and identify some of the promising programs in probation services Bloom's: Remember