EKG MEDCA TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED FOR ACCURACY)

1. How to measure temp: 2. Temperature reg- ulated by 3. Normal tempera- ture range 4. Normal vital signs range 5. Problems that can cause low blood pressure 6. Types of low blood pressure 1.Skin on forehead 2.Oral 3.Vaginal 4.Rectal 5.Tympanic 6.Axillary 7.Temporal artery In gut hypothalamus. Short-term sleep deprivation causes high- er temp. Long-term sleep deprivation causes lower temp. oral: 98.2 Armpit: 97.6 Rectal: 99.7 Temp: 97.8-99 Blood Pressure: 120/80 Respiratory Rate: 16-20 per min Heart Rate: 60-100 bpm 1.Pregnancy 2.Loss of blood 3.Dehydration 4. Heart problem: heart attack, heart failure, bradycardia etc. 5. Infection 6.Allergic reaction 7. Lack of nutrients: vitamin B12 8. Endocrine problems: diabetes, hyper and hypo thy- roidism, low blood sugar, low adrenal... 1. Postural/orthostatic hypotension: maybe caused by pregnancy, dehydration, diabetes, heart problems, burns, excessive heat, large varicose veins, and certain types of neurological disorders. 2. Postprandial hypotension: after eating. Mostly poeple suffering autonomic nervous system disorders or high blood pressure. 3. Neurally mediated hypotension: caused by miscommu- nication between the heart and brain. 4. Shy-drager syndrome: this rare disorder causes pro- gressive damage to the autonomic nervous system, which controls in voluntary functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and digestion. Main characteristics-- severe orthostatic hypotension in combination with very high blood pressure when lying down. 7. blood pressure described as systolic and diastolic pressure 8. Hypertension or high blood pres- sure treatment 9. Measurement of blood pressure 10. Heart rate/ pulse rate can be mea- sured at 1.Alpha-blocker 2.Beta-blocker 3.AlphaBeta-blocker 4.Calcium-channel blocker 5.Renin inhibitor 6.Angiotensin II receptor blocker 7.Thiazide diuretics 8.Vasodilator 9.Central acting agents 10.ACE inhibitor Normal: 120/80 Prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 Stage I: 140-159/90-99 Stage II: over 160/100 carotid artery, radial artery, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, ulnar, brachial, femoral, abdominal, facial, dorsalis pedis, superficial temporal, apex of heart. Newborn 120-160 1-12 month: 80-140 1-2 year: 80-130 2-6: 75-120 6-12: 75-110 Above 13: 60-100 Adult athlete: 40-60 11. Upper limb axillary, brachial, ulnar, radial 12. Lower limb popliteal, tibial posterior, dorsalis pedis, femoral 13. torso apical 14. head/neck facial, temporal, carotid 15. the right coro- nary artery branches into and supplies... 16. the left coronary artery branches into and sup- plies... the right marginal artery and posterior descending artery, supply the right atrium and right ventricle the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery, supply the left atrium and left ventricle. 17. medulla controls autonomic functions such as breathing, heart function, and blood vessel function. 18. blood flowing through the lungs 19. CO2 bonds to he- moglobin to form 20. aortic arch 1 forms 21. Aortic arch 2 forms oxygen-deprived bicarbonate maxillary arteries stapedial arteries 22. aortic arch 3 carotid 23. arch 4 subclavian 24. arch 6 pulmonary 25. vitelline arteries form abdominal arteries eg. superior arteries, inferior mesen- teric arteries and the celiac arteries of GI tract 26. umbilical arteries form 27. function of car- diovascular sys- tem 1. protection 2. transportation 3. regulation 28. P-wave duration 0.08-0.1 s 29. missing p wave atrial fibrillation 30. long p wave left atrial enlargement