UNIT 10
Biological Molecules and metabolic Pathways
Learning Aim A
Biological molecules also known as biomolecules are numerous substances that are
produced by cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and
structures and perform a vast array of functions. Biomolecules are vital for life as
it aids organisms to grow, sustain, and reproduce. They are involved in building
organisms from single cells to complex living beings like humans, by interacting with
each other. The diversity in their shape and structure provides diversity in their
functions. The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acids, and proteins.
A1 Water Molecule
The water molecule, H2O, is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
These atoms are bound covalently (by a covalent bond). In a water molecule,
hydrogen carries a positive molecular charge, while oxygen carries a negative
molecular charge. Water's extensive capability to dissolve a variety of molecules has
earned it the designation of “universal solvent,” and it is this ability that makes water
such an invaluable life-sustaining force. On a biological level, water's role as a solvent
helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients. Water acts as a
solvent for many molecules this is Because of its polarity and ability to form
hydrogen bonds, water makes an excellent solvent, meaning that it can dissolve
many different kinds of molecules.
A Level Biology (2015). A Level Biology. [online] A Level Biology. Available at:
https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/water-structure-properties/ [Accessed 26 Mar.
2023].
[1] [2]
Biological Molecules and metabolic Pathways
Learning Aim A
Biological molecules also known as biomolecules are numerous substances that are
produced by cells and living organisms. Biomolecules have a wide range of sizes and
structures and perform a vast array of functions. Biomolecules are vital for life as
it aids organisms to grow, sustain, and reproduce. They are involved in building
organisms from single cells to complex living beings like humans, by interacting with
each other. The diversity in their shape and structure provides diversity in their
functions. The four major types of biomolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acids, and proteins.
A1 Water Molecule
The water molecule, H2O, is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
These atoms are bound covalently (by a covalent bond). In a water molecule,
hydrogen carries a positive molecular charge, while oxygen carries a negative
molecular charge. Water's extensive capability to dissolve a variety of molecules has
earned it the designation of “universal solvent,” and it is this ability that makes water
such an invaluable life-sustaining force. On a biological level, water's role as a solvent
helps cells transport and use substances like oxygen or nutrients. Water acts as a
solvent for many molecules this is Because of its polarity and ability to form
hydrogen bonds, water makes an excellent solvent, meaning that it can dissolve
many different kinds of molecules.
A Level Biology (2015). A Level Biology. [online] A Level Biology. Available at:
https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/water-structure-properties/ [Accessed 26 Mar.
2023].
[1] [2]
