UT TYLER NURS PATHO
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (2023/2024)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
What composes the Central nervous System - ANSWER Brain and Spinal cord
What composes the Peripheral nervous system? - ANSWER Cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
What is a ganglion? - ANSWER a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
what do spinal nerves do? - ANSWER carry motor and sensory fibers to and from the
organs and tissues of the body
Afferent Pathways - ANSWER Sensory fibers
Coming toward you
one way street
Efferent Pathways - ANSWER Motor fibers
Going away from you
one way street
Somatic System - ANSWER voluntary motor control
Autonomic system - ANSWER involuntary organ control and has 2 categories
-sympathetic system
-parasympathetic system
Sympathetic System - ANSWER mobilizes energy stores
Fight or Flight responses (green light)
Parasympathetic system - ANSWER conserves and restores energy (red light)
rest and digest
What are protective structures of the CNS? - ANSWER Cranium
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Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid and ventricles
Vertebral Column
What are the Meninges? what are they from outter to inner layer - ANSWER protective
covering around the brain
-Dura Mater (outer)
-Arachnoid Mater (spongy, important layer)
-Pia Mater (inner layer, Soft)
Cerebrospinal fluid and Ventricles - ANSWER Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is in Arachnoid
Mater layer. Is formed from the blood, and is clear looking like plasma. Choroid
Plexuses forms CSF in the ventricles and flows into subarachnoid space so it can
circula te around the brain. The CSF is constatly being refreshed.
What is the brain stem composed of what? - ANSWER the midbrain, medulla, and
pons
Midbrain is the what? - ANSWER basal nuclei
Medulla - ANSWER lowest portion of brain, controls reflex activities ( Heart Rate,
respirations, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting)
Pons - ANSWER BRIDGE
transmits info from the cerebellum to brain stem
Cerebellum - ANSWER "little brain" reflexive, involuntary motor control, maintains
balance
Thalamus - ANSWER "call center"
for afferent input, coordinates cerebral cortex activity
Hypothalamus - ANSWER autonomic nervous system, endocrine, temperature,
emotions, thirst, eating, sleep times, satiety
Frontal lobe - ANSWER thinking, memory, ideas, speech, personality
Broca's area
Parietal lobe - ANSWER Somatic sensory input,
Sensation (touch, pain)
Occipital Lobe - ANSWER visual cortex, receives info from retina
Vision
Temporal lobe - ANSWER auditory area
contains Wernicke area
2 / 3
Hearing, smell, memory, comprehension of speech
Brain Functions -- Cerebral Cortex :
-Precentral gyrus
-postcentral gyrus
-Broca speech area
-Wernicke area - ANSWER -motor functions
-sensory functions
-expressive speech
-receptive speech
Circle of willis - ANSWER protective mechanism, provides a alternative source of
blood
Venous outflow - ANSWER Brain cannott tolerate to much pressure, as blood enters,
blood also leaves keeping the pressure normal
Blood -Brain Barrier - ANSWER protective mechanism. doesnt allow toxins into the
brain
Neuron - ANSWER require glucose and oxygen for metabolism, the myelin sheath is
very important for fast impulse.
Cannot undergo cell division
How does Nerve Impluse conduction work? - ANSWER by neurotransmitters. that
connect through synapse.
Synapse - ANSWER provides a connection between two or more neurons or a neron
and effector side.
Cerebral perfusion pressure - ANSWER 80 -90mm/Hg
required to perfuse brain cells
Amount of "push"
What is the most important factor in cerebral blood flow and pressure? - ANSWER
cerebral oxygenation
Cerebral intracranial pressure (ICP) - ANSWER 5 -15 mm/Hg
too much pressure inside brain will damage it.
what is the 1st indication of increased intracranial pressure? - ANSWER is usually a
decreased level of consciousness
What are the causes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? - ANSWER increased
ICP is common in many neurological problem including brain hemorrhage, trauma,
cerebral edema, infection, tumors. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (2023/2024)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
What composes the Central nervous System - ANSWER Brain and Spinal cord
What composes the Peripheral nervous system? - ANSWER Cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
What is a ganglion? - ANSWER a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
what do spinal nerves do? - ANSWER carry motor and sensory fibers to and from the
organs and tissues of the body
Afferent Pathways - ANSWER Sensory fibers
Coming toward you
one way street
Efferent Pathways - ANSWER Motor fibers
Going away from you
one way street
Somatic System - ANSWER voluntary motor control
Autonomic system - ANSWER involuntary organ control and has 2 categories
-sympathetic system
-parasympathetic system
Sympathetic System - ANSWER mobilizes energy stores
Fight or Flight responses (green light)
Parasympathetic system - ANSWER conserves and restores energy (red light)
rest and digest
What are protective structures of the CNS? - ANSWER Cranium
1 / 3
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid and ventricles
Vertebral Column
What are the Meninges? what are they from outter to inner layer - ANSWER protective
covering around the brain
-Dura Mater (outer)
-Arachnoid Mater (spongy, important layer)
-Pia Mater (inner layer, Soft)
Cerebrospinal fluid and Ventricles - ANSWER Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) is in Arachnoid
Mater layer. Is formed from the blood, and is clear looking like plasma. Choroid
Plexuses forms CSF in the ventricles and flows into subarachnoid space so it can
circula te around the brain. The CSF is constatly being refreshed.
What is the brain stem composed of what? - ANSWER the midbrain, medulla, and
pons
Midbrain is the what? - ANSWER basal nuclei
Medulla - ANSWER lowest portion of brain, controls reflex activities ( Heart Rate,
respirations, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, vomiting)
Pons - ANSWER BRIDGE
transmits info from the cerebellum to brain stem
Cerebellum - ANSWER "little brain" reflexive, involuntary motor control, maintains
balance
Thalamus - ANSWER "call center"
for afferent input, coordinates cerebral cortex activity
Hypothalamus - ANSWER autonomic nervous system, endocrine, temperature,
emotions, thirst, eating, sleep times, satiety
Frontal lobe - ANSWER thinking, memory, ideas, speech, personality
Broca's area
Parietal lobe - ANSWER Somatic sensory input,
Sensation (touch, pain)
Occipital Lobe - ANSWER visual cortex, receives info from retina
Vision
Temporal lobe - ANSWER auditory area
contains Wernicke area
2 / 3
Hearing, smell, memory, comprehension of speech
Brain Functions -- Cerebral Cortex :
-Precentral gyrus
-postcentral gyrus
-Broca speech area
-Wernicke area - ANSWER -motor functions
-sensory functions
-expressive speech
-receptive speech
Circle of willis - ANSWER protective mechanism, provides a alternative source of
blood
Venous outflow - ANSWER Brain cannott tolerate to much pressure, as blood enters,
blood also leaves keeping the pressure normal
Blood -Brain Barrier - ANSWER protective mechanism. doesnt allow toxins into the
brain
Neuron - ANSWER require glucose and oxygen for metabolism, the myelin sheath is
very important for fast impulse.
Cannot undergo cell division
How does Nerve Impluse conduction work? - ANSWER by neurotransmitters. that
connect through synapse.
Synapse - ANSWER provides a connection between two or more neurons or a neron
and effector side.
Cerebral perfusion pressure - ANSWER 80 -90mm/Hg
required to perfuse brain cells
Amount of "push"
What is the most important factor in cerebral blood flow and pressure? - ANSWER
cerebral oxygenation
Cerebral intracranial pressure (ICP) - ANSWER 5 -15 mm/Hg
too much pressure inside brain will damage it.
what is the 1st indication of increased intracranial pressure? - ANSWER is usually a
decreased level of consciousness
What are the causes of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? - ANSWER increased
ICP is common in many neurological problem including brain hemorrhage, trauma,
cerebral edema, infection, tumors. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
3 / 3
