NBCE Boards Part II - Principles of Chiropractic Exam Correct 100%

Which subluxation hypotheses occurs most commonly in chiropractic practice? a. somatosomatic b. somatoautonomic c. neuroimmunomodulation d. psychosomatic - Answer a. somatosomatic The intradiscal pressure is the least in which position? a. walking b. standing c. sitting d. lying prone - Answer d. lying prone Pressure in the lumbar disc is increased most in which of the following positions? a. standing b. sitting c. sitting, bending forward d. sitting, bending backward - Answer c. sitting, bending forward Which is the least significant ligament in the upper cervical region? a. transverse b. cruciate c. alar d. apical - Answer d. apical Compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel is likely to present with paresthesia in which area? a. inner aspect of the arm b. lateral aspect of the forearm c. medial aspect of the forearm d. thumb and index finger - Answer c. medial aspect of the forearm Which is the best description of the pain that results from direct compression of a nerve? a. poorly localized b. dull, deep, aching c. not reproducible by movement d. sharp, burning, radiating - Answer d. sharp, burning, radiating The dentate ligament connects which two structures? a. arachnoid and dura mater b. arachnoid and pia mater c. pia mater and arachnoid d. pia mater and dura mater - Answer d. pia mater and dura mater Which joint allows approximately 50% of rotation of the spine in the cervical region? a. C0 - C1 b. C1 - C2 c. C2 - C3 d. C6 - C7 - Answer b. C1 - C2 Which is the most likely cause of the burning pain experienced in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome? a. hypersensitivity of the central nervous system b. dysfunction of the endogenous analgesic system c. dystrophy of the parasympathetic system d. reflex activation of the sympathetic system - Answer d. reflex activation of the sympathetic system Which subluxation model is involved when nerve stimulation results in increased phagocytosis? a. neuroimmunomodulation b. axoplasmic aberration c. neural distraction d. facilitation dysfunction - Answer a. neuroimmunomodulation Which is the cause of a positive finding in Lhermitte's test? a. cord compression b. neuroimmunomodulation c. segmental facilitation d. vertebral basilar artery insufficiency - Answer a. cord compression The normal kyphotic curve in the thoracic region is due to what? a. long sloping spinous processes b. anterior part of the disc is larger than the posterior c. slight wedging of the vertebral body d. large curve of the aortic arch - Answer c. slight wedging of the vertebral body Which is the most likely cause of sclerotogenous pain? a. IVF encroachment b. disc herniation c. facet syndrome d. inflammation of the meninges - Answer c. facet syndrome Which of the following will result from proprioceptive insult? a. muscle atrophy b. incontinence c. vasodilation d. muscle spasm - Answer d. muscle spasm The uncinate processes are unique to which region of the spine? a. C1 and C2 b. C3 to C7 c. T1 to T7 d. T7 - T12 - Answer b. C3 to C7 Akinesthesia in the lower limbs might be seen in damage to which part of the spinal cord? a. anterior spinothalamic tract b. posterior spinothalamic tract c. tectospinal tract d. dorsal columns - Answer d. dorsal columns Which condition is characterized by burning pain radiating into the leg? a. systemic lupus erythematosus b. thromboangitis obliterans c. secondary syphilis d. non-hodgkin's lymphoma - Answer b. thromboangitis obliterans Parasthesia of the lateral thigh would involve which spinal nerves? a. upper lumbar b. lower lumbar c. L5 - S1 d. S1 - S4 - Answer a. upper lumbar Which type of collagen fibers predominates the nucleus pulposus? a. type 1 b. type 2 c. type 3 d. type 4 - Answer b. type 2 The shoulder pain seen in some patients with cardiac ischemia is unlikely to be affected by which? a. emotion stress b. movement of the shoulder c. physical activity d. resting - Answer b. movement of the shoulder Which chiropractic researcher used mobility of the sacroiliac joints as the basis of his theory? a. Illi b. Faye c. Langworthy d. Gonstead - Answer a. Illi Which ligament most limits extension and lateral flexion in the spine? a. anterior longitudinal b. posterior longitudinal c. ligamentum flavum d. nuchal ligament - Answer a. anterior longitudinal Which is the correct orientation of the thoracic facets? a. backward, upward, lateral b. backward, upward, medial c. backward, lateral d. backward, lateral - Answer a. backward, upward, lateral Pain in the posterior aspect of the thigh which is worse with coughing is indicative of what? a. muscle strain b. ligament sprain c. nerve compression d. meniscoid entrapment - Answer c. nerve compression Hypertrophy of which ligament will reduce the size of the intervertebral foramen? a. interspinous b. intertransverse c. posterior longitudinal d. ligamentum flavum - Answer d. ligamentum flavum Which is the correct sequence of the stages in response to stress according to Hans Selye? a. alarm, assimilation, resistance b. alarm, resistance, adaptation c. alarm, adaptation, assimilation d. alarm, assimilation, adaptation - Answer b. alarm, resistance, adaptation Which term deals with the loss of energy in the form of heat? a. hysteresis b. stress c. shear d. creep - Answer a. hysteresis Which hypothesis best explains the relief of low back pain following an upper cervical adjustment? a. segmental facilitation b. general adaptation c. neuroimmunomodulation d. dentate ligament traction - Answer d. dentate ligament traction A subluxation in which region is more likely to have a viscerosomatic component? a. cervical b. thoracic c. lumbar d. sacral - Answer b. thoracic The intradiscal pressure gradually increases gradually with which positions? a. lying down, sitting, standing, jumping b. sitting, standing, jumping, walking c. recumbent, standing, sitting, jumping d. jumping, walking, sitting, running - Answer c. recumbent, standing, sitting, jumping Who is credited as the founder of the chiropractic profession? a. David Daniel Palmer b. Daniel David Palmer c. Barlett Joshua Palmer d. Brett Johnson Palmer - Answer b. Daniel David Palmer Which vertebral levels experience the most rotational injuries of the low back? a. T12 & L1 b. L2 & L3 c. L3 & L4 d. L4 & L5 - Answer a. T12 & L1 The plumb line which begins at the external auditory meatus continues by passing in which relation to the shoulder? a. centrally b. medially c. anteriorly d. posteriorly - Answer a. centrally Which finding will be present in a patient suffering from poliomyelitis? a. clonus b. flaccid paralysis c. hyperreflexia d. hypertonia - Answer b. flaccid paralysis According to the meric chart, which spinal nerves are related to the gallbladder? a. C5 - T1 b. T1 - T5 c. T6 - T10 d. T10 - T12 - Answer c. T6 - T10 Demyelination of a nerve due to stress and loss of function over a period of time to the area supplied by the nerve is an example of which law? a. Levet's b. Hilton's c. Bell's d. Wolff's - Answer d. Wolff's