Sociology in Modules 4th Edition By Schaefer - Test Bank

Chapter 03 - Culture Multiple Choice Questions 1. Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show A. cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful." B. the effects of media on a person's body image. C. the ability to learn something new about society. D. how cultural sociology has evolved over the years. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Information Topic: Culture 2. The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A. culture. B. society. C. socialization. D. social structure. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Definition Topic: Culture 3-1 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 Culture Chapter 03 - Culture 3. A society is A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people. D. All of these answers are correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Definition Topic: Culture 4. A society A. is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group. B. is the largest form of human group. C. contains several different cultures. D. contains one subculture and many cultures. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Information Topic: Culture 5. Which of the following individuals is most closely associated with the concept of the culture industry? A. Karl Marx B. Theodor Adorno C. Robert Merton D. W. E. B. DuBois Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Culture 3-2 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 6. General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called A. cultural integration. B. cultural diffusion. C. cultural universals. D. cultural relativism. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Definition Topic: Culture 7. In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? A. war B. astronomy C. funeral ceremonies D. All of these answers are correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Information Topic: Culture 8. Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? A. athletic sports B. war C. money restrictions D. None of these answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Question Category: Information Topic: Culture 3-3 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 9. The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called A. culture shock. B. cultural relativism. C. ethnocentrism. D. value stability. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Definition Topic: Ethnocentrism 10. The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by A. Seymour Martin Lipset. B. W. I. Thomas. C. William F. Ogburn. D. William Graham Sumner. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Ethnocentrism 11. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting A. xenocentrism. B. ethnocentrism. C. cultural relativism. D. monophobicism. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Ethnocentrism 3-4 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 12. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate-covered crickets. While she does not partake in this "treat" herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting A. xenocentrism. B. ethnocentrism. C. cultural relativism. D. monophobicism. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Cultural relativism 13. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. In this way, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Ethnocentrism Topic: Sociological perspectives 14. A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of A. xenocentrism. B. ethnocentrism. C. cultural relativism. D. cultural deconstruction. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Cultural relativism 3-5 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 15. Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? A. xenocentrism B. cultural integration C. cultural relativism D. ethnocentrism Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Question Category: Information Topic: Cultural relativism 16. Sociobiology is the systematic study of A. social structures within the animal kingdom. B. interactions between humans and higher animal forms. C. the social bases of biological behavior. D. how biology affects human social behavior. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Question Category: Definition Topic: Sociobiology 17. Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Question Category: Information Topic: Language Topic: Sociological perspectives 3-6 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 18. A hypothesis concerning the role of languages in shaping cultures was created by linguist(s) A. William F. Ogburn. B. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf. C. W. I. Thomas. D. George Murdock. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Question Category: Information Topic: Language 19. Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? A. Language precedes thought. B. Language is a given and forms independently of culture. C. Language homogenizes interpretations of reality across disparate cultures. D. People cannot conceptualize the world only through language. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Question Category: Information Topic: Language 20. In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Question Category: Information Topic: Language Topic: Sociological perspectives 3-7 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 21. An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A. material culture. B. sanctioning. C. language. D. an argot. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Question Category: Definition Topic: Language 22. Which sociological perspective would argue that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Norms Topic: Sociological perspectives 23. Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) A. informal norm. B. formal norm. C. more. D. sanction. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Information Topic: Norms 3-8 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 24. In American society, we often formalize norms into A. folkways. B. mores. C. laws. D. values. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Information Topic: Norms 25. A law is A. a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B. an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C. a form of governmental social control. D. None of these answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Norms 26. Informal norms are A. norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B. deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C. made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D. None of these answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Norms 3-9 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 27. Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as A. mores. B. sanctions. C. informal norms. D. formal norms. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Norms 28. While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A. mores. B. laws. C. informal norms. D. formal norms. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Norms 29. Mores are A. norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern. B. norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society. C. norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state. D. None of these answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Norms 3-10 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 30. Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as A. mores. B. cultural universals. C. folkways. D. laws. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Norms 31. Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as A. values. B. folkways. C. mores. D. sanctions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Values 32. Which sociologist created a list of basic values to help define the national character of people living in the U.S.? A. George Murdock B. Robin Williams C. Karl Marx D. Edward Sapir Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Values 3-11 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 33. According to Robin Williams, which of the following is NOT among the basic American values? A. nationalism B. equality C. frugality D. the supremacy of science and reason over faith Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Information Topic: Values 34. In surveys of first-year college students conducted since 1966, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity? A. being very well off financially B. developing a meaningful philosophy of life C. achieving fame D. finding true love Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Question Category: Information Topic: Values 35. John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a A. more. B. sanction. C. norm. D. law. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Sanctions 3-12 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 36. Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as A. folkways. B. mores. C. values. D. sanctions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Question Category: Definition Topic: Sanctions 37. One example of a positive formal sanction is a A. salary bonus. B. demotion. C. smile. D. frown. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Question Category: Information Topic: Sanctions 38. A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of A. a sanction. B. replication. C. a more. D. a typology. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Sanctions 3-13 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 39. A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of A. a sanction. B. a law. C. cultural diffusion. D. replication. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Sanctions 40. What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? A. cultural shock B. culture war C. subcultures D. contracultures Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Question Category: Definition Topic: Global values 41. Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? A. benevolence B. holding grudges C. disloyalty D. power Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values. Question Category: Information Topic: Global values 3-14 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 42. Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Dominant ideology Topic: Sociological perspectives 43. A dominant ideology is A. a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. B. a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle. C. a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. D. None of these answers is correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Question Category: Definition Topic: Dominant ideology 44. Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Dominant ideology Topic: Sociological perspectives 3-15 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 45. Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now A. nomadic fishermen. B. living as equals in Brazilian society. C. confined to reservations. D. transitioning to the new Brazil. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Globalization 46. Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Cultural diffusion Topic: Sociological perspectives 47. Discovery is the A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B. process of introducing new elements into a culture. C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D. process by which cultural items are spread to different groups. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Development of culture 3-16 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 48. Invention is the A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B. process of introducing new elements into a culture. C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Development of culture 49. Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of A. diffusion. B. innovation. C. invention. D. discovery. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Development of culture 50. Diffusion is the A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist. B. process of introducing new elements into a culture. C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. D. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Cultural diffusion 3-17 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 51. English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A. nonmaterial culture. B. cultural diffusion. C. cultural shock. D. cultural relativity. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Cultural diffusion 52. Which sociologist coined the phrase "the McDonaldization of society"? A. Karl Marx B. George Ritzer C. Friedrich Engels D. William F. Ogburn Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Globalization 53. Which sociologist defined technology as "cultural information about the ways in which the material resources of the environment may be used to satisfy human needs and desires"? A. Seymour Martin Lipset B. Robin Williams C. George Murdock D. Gerhard Lenski Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Cultural diffusion 3-18 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 54. George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the A. placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010. B. domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants. C. existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world. D. placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Globalization 55. The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A. norms. B. material culture. C. nonmaterial culture. D. values. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Material culture 56. Nonmaterial culture A. is more resistant to change than material culture. B. is less resistant to change than material culture. C. changes at the same pace as material culture. D. does not change once it has been created. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Nonmaterial culture 3-19 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 57. A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of A. xenocentrism. B. nonmaterial culture. C. material culture. D. argots. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Material culture 58. A new Ford Explorer can be considered A. material culture. B. nonmaterial culture. C. an argot. D. substance culture. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Material culture 59. The belief in a higher power can be considered A. material culture. B. nonmaterial culture. C. an argot. D. substance culture. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Nonmaterial culture 3-20 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 60. Which sociologist introduced the concept of culture lag to the discipline? A. William F. Ogburn B. Antonio Gramsci C. Edward Sapir D. George Ritzer Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Sociologists Topic: Cultural diffusion 61. Culture lag is A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. B. viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. C. the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives. D. a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Cultural diffusion 62. Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are A. less likely to resist change to their material culture. B. less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture. C. more likely to modify cultural universals. D. less likely to change their folkways. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Material culture 3-21 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 63. An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Perspectives Topic: Language Topic: Sociological perspectives 64. A subculture is A. a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of customs, rules, and traditions that differs from the pattern of the larger group. B. a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture. C. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. D. a specialized language that is used by members of a group. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Subculture 65. The employees of Indian call centers can be considered A. a subculture. B. a counterculture. C. a dominant culture. D. All of these answers are correct. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Subculture 3-22 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 66. In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A. cultures. B. countercultures. C. subcultures. D. contracultures. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Subculture 67. The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York represents an example of A. an argot. B. a taboo. C. linguistics. D. nonverbal language. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Subculture 68. An ultraconservative militia group, such as the Ohio Defense Force, is an example of A. dominant culture. B. counterculture. C. material culture. D. dominant ideology. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Information Topic: Subculture 3-23 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 69. Culture shock is A. the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture. B. the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own. C. being unaware of the existence of other cultures. D. a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Definition Topic: Culture 70. Beth, who has lived all her life an affluent neighborhood in New York City, travels to Africa on a service trip and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals. It is safe to say she is experiencing A. cultural relativity. B. cultural diffusion. C. culture shock. D. cultural integration. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Culture 71. A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who moves to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A. cultural relativity. B. cultural diffusion. C. culture shock. D. cultural integration. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Apply Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Question Category: Application-Concept Topic: Culture 3-24 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 72. Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages A. in all sectors of public and private life. B. in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate. C. only in educational settings. D. only in workplaces. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Question Category: Social Policy Topic: Bilingualism 73. The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Question Category: Social Policy Topic: Bilingualism Topic: Sociological perspectives 74. "Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. feminist perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Question Category: Social Policy Topic: Bilingualism Topic: Sociological perspectives 3-25 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 75. The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? A. functionalist perspective B. conflict perspective C. interactionist perspective D. global perspective Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Question Category: Social Policy Topic: Bilingualism Topic: Sociological perspectives 76. Approximately what percentage of the United States—aged five years and older—spoke a language other than English as their primary language at home in 2011? A. 69 percent B. 51 percent C. 37 percent D. 21 percent Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Question Category: Social Policy Topic: Bilingualism True / False Questions 77. A primitive tribe that cultivates the soil by hand has much more culture than a modern, computerized society. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Topic: Culture 3-26 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 78. Kissing is an example of a cultural universal. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Topic: Culture 79. Funerals are found in every culture and thus are a cultural universal. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Topic: Culture 80. Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Topic: Cultural relativism 81. Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior. Topic: Sociobiology 3-27 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 82. The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture. Topic: Language Topic: Sociological perspectives 83. Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Topic: Norms 84. In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Topic: Norms 85. Sanctions can be positive or negative. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Topic: Sanctions 3-28 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 86. Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms. Topic: Sanctions 87. From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, feminism, and interactionism. Topic: Dominant ideology Topic: Sociological perspectives 88. Democracy is a good example of an invention. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Topic: Development of culture 89. The sociologist known for distinguishing between material culture and nonmaterial culture is William F. Ogburn. TRUE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Remember Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Topic: Culture 3-29 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 90. The key difference between the concepts subculture and counterculture is that members of a subculture conspicuously and deliberately oppose certain aspects of the larger culture. FALSE Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Topic: Subculture Essay Questions 91. Define the term culture and describe how members of society seek to preserve it. Identify the various cultural universals as suggested by George Murdock's list of cultural universals. Answer may vary. Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society. Topic: Culture 92. Define the term ethnocentrism and discuss why functionalists and conflict theorists disagree over the utility of ethnocentrism. Answer may vary. Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Topic: Ethnocentrism 93. Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types. Answer may vary. Blooms: Understand Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values. Topic: Norms 3-30 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 03 - Culture 94. Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer. Answer may vary. Blooms: Analyze Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Topic: Globalization 95. Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences. Answer may vary. Blooms: Analyze Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads. Topic: Cultural diffusion Topic: Development of culture 96. Explain what the conflict perspective tells us about attacks on bilingual programs in our schools; and give an example of how these attacks have been reflected in federal or state policy. Answer may vary. Blooms: Analyze Learning Objective: Analyze through a sociological lens the implications of bilingualism on social policy. Topic: Bilingualism Chapter 05 Social Interaction, Groups, and Social Structure     
Multiple Choice Questions
  1. Philip Zimbardo's study of a simulated prison environment, using college students as prisoners and prison guards, 
A. indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory.
B. demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur.
C. indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure characteristics.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social interaction
  2. Social interaction is 
A. the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups.
B. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.
C. the ways in which people respond to one another.
D. a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social interaction
  3. According to Herbert Blumer, a distinctive characteristic of human interaction is that 
A. the reality of humans is shaped by our perceptions and evaluations.
B. humans respond to behavior based on the meaning we attach to the actions of others.
C. humans interpret or define each other's actions.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social interaction
  4. Which of the following is true regarding marriage in Japan? 
A. Most husbands do not call their wife by name.
B. Husbands say "I love you" more often than those of other nationalities.
C. Most married Japanese couples do not actually love one another.
D. Marriage is considered more a relationship than a social status.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social interaction
  5. One crucial aspect of the relationship between dominant and subordinate groups is the ability of the dominant group to 
A. define a society's values.
B. define social reality.
C. mold the "definition of the situation."
D. All of these answers are correct.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social interaction
  6. When observing that people respond not only to the objective features of a person or situation but also to the meaning that person or situation has for them, William I. Thomas was writing from which perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the relationship between social reality and social interaction.
Question Category: Sociologists
Topic: Social interaction
Topic: Sociological perspectives
  7. Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? 
A. socialization
B. social structure
C. social interaction
D. culture   
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social structure
  8. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society? 
A. status
B. culture
C. social structure
D. Gemeinschaft   
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social structure
Topic: Status
  9. Jan, Randy, and Terry are science majors, and when they graduate from college, they find jobs as a nurse, a midwife, and a hospital administrator, respectively. These new positions are examples of 
A. statuses.
B. social roles.
C. groups.
D. social networks.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Social structure
Topic: Status
  10. Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status? 
A. social role
B. structural role
C. achieved role
D. ascribed role   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social roles
Topic: Social structure
  11. Which of the following statements about social roles is correct? 
A. The roles that belong to a social status are always performed in the same manner.
B. Social roles are always performed in the same manner by those holding ascribed, but not achieved, statuses.
C. Actual performance of a role varies from individual to individual.
D. Role expectations and actual role performances never vary.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social roles
Topic: Social structure
  12. Which sociological perspective emphasizes that social roles contribute to a society's stability by enabling members to anticipate the behavior of others and to pattern their own actions accordingly? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social structure
Topic: Sociological perspectives
  13. A social network is 
A. a social structure that derives its existence from the social interactions through which people define and redefine its character.
B. an attempt to reach agreement with others concerning some objective.
C. a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people.
D. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social networks
Topic: Social structure
  14. Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs? 
A. social networks
B. social institutions
C. functional prerequisites
D. communities   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Social institutions
Topic: Social structure
  15. Which of the following is an example of a social institution? 
A. the U.S. government
B. a group of passengers on an inner-city bus
C. the members of a stamp-collecting society
D. a children's playgroup   
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Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Social institutions
Topic: Social structure
  16. Ray is an African American who is currently enrolled at a four-year university where he is studying social work. Which of the following is his achieved status? 
A. social worker
B. male
C. African American
D. college student   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Status
  17. An ascribed status is a social position 
A. attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
B. "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.
C. that is earned.
D. that is reached as a result of negotiation.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Status
  18. Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's 
A. race.
B. gender.
C. age.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  19. Which of the following is an achieved status? 
A. race
B. gender
C. occupation
D. age   
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Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  20. Which sociological perspective is especially interested in ascribed statuses because they often confer privileges or reflect a person's membership in a subordinate group? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
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Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  21. You walk into your women's studies class, and you look at the person sitting to your left. He is the only male in the class; he is about 20 years old, wears a wedding ring, and carries a bag with a tennis racquet. Which of his characteristics is most likely his master status in the context of this class? 
A. his age
B. his marital status
C. his gender
D. his interest in tennis   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Status
  22. Which of the following statements about an ascribed status is correct? 
A. It is easy to change when an individual becomes older.
B. It has the same social meaning in every society.
C. It is based on an individual's skills.
D. It is generally biological in origin, but it is significant mainly because of the social meanings attached to it within a given culture.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  23. An achieved status is a social position 
A. attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
B. "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics.
C. that is assigned to an individual at birth.
D. that is given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Status
  24. An individual can acquire an achieved status by 
A. attending school.
B. establishing a friendship.
C. inventing a new product.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  25. A master status is a 
A. category used by sociologists for any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large group or society.
B. social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts.
C. status that dominates others and thereby determines a person's general position within society.
D. series of social relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Status
  26. When Malcolm X's eighth grade teacher ignored Malcolm's academic and social successes, dismissed his desired career goal of lawyer, and instead suggested he become a carpenter, the teacher was viewing Malcolm's race as a(n) 
A. achieved status.
B. master status.
C. ascribed status.
D. assigned status.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain how ascribed status and master status can constrain achieved status.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Status
  27. Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social positions? 
A. role strain
B. role conflict
C. role ambiguity
D. role exit   
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Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Role conflict
  28. Elaine is a clinical sociologist who practices marriage and family therapy. She is also a college professor. One of her current students asks her if she can make an appointment for a therapy session. Elaine tells the student that she will refer her to a colleague because she feels that holding therapy sessions with a student might create 
A. role strain.
B. role conflict.
C. role exit.
D. status displacement.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Role conflict
  29. The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations is known as 
A. role conflict.
B. role strain.
C. role exit.
D. resocialization.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Application-Concept
Topic: Role strain
  30. Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh studied 
A. role conflict among internal affairs officers in police departments.
B. role exit.
C. social networking among Black businesswomen.
D. sociocultural evolution.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Sociologists
Topic: Role exit
  31. Role exit is defined as 
A. the process of disengagement from a role that is central to one's self-identity in order to establish a new role and identity.
B. a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person.
C. a difficulty that occurs when incompatible expectations arise within one social position occupied by an individual.
D. a set of expectations of people who occupy a given social position.   
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Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Role exit
  32. In Ebaugh's four stages of the process of role exit, which of the following is a core element of the first stage? 
A. searching for alternatives
B. identity creation
C. doubt
D. action   
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Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Give examples of role conflict, role strain, and role exit.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Role exit
  33. A(n) ________ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. 
A. group
B. negotiation team
C. organic solidarity
D. aggregate   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Definition
Topic: Groups
  34. Which of the following statements about social networks is true? 
A. Even network connections that are weak may be useful.
B. Social networks consist exclusively of direct ties to others.
C. Networking in the workplace pays off more for women than for men.
D. Social networks do not benefit those who are unemployed.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social networks
  35. Studies have shown that which of the following is true in terms of the use of social networks for job searching and career advancement? 
A. Networking pays off more for white men.
B. Men are more likely to rely on classified advertisements.
C. Networking pays off more for women.
D. More female executives use networking than male executives.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social networks
  36. Sociological research that maps sexual relationships among high school students is an example of research on 
A. ascribed statuses.
B. role exit.
C. social networks.
D. social institutions.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social networks
  37. A group of businesswomen meet on a monthly basis to assist one another in advancing their careers. They give each other job leads and advice, and they invite business leaders to attend their sessions to provide further assistance. This group is an example of 
A. role connection.
B. impression management.
C. status assistance.
D. social networking.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social networks
  38. Which of the following is true of obesity in regards to social ties? 
A. The obese are most frequently in social groups with the non-obese.
B. Weight gain in one person is often related to weight gain of that person's friends and family.
C. Obese people have few social ties.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Learning Objective: List and summarize the five elements of social structure.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social networks
  39. Which sociological perspective suggests that a society or a relatively permanent group must accomplish certain major tasks if it is to survive? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze the functionalist, interactionist, and conflict views of social institutions.
Question Category: Information
Topic: Social institutions
Topic: Sociological perspectives
  40. Functional prerequisites are 
A. tasks that a society or relatively permanent group must accomplish if it is to survive.
B. organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centere