Sociology A Brief Introduction 11th Edition By Schaefer - Test Bank

Chapter 03 Culture     
Multiple Choice Questions
  1. Anthropologist Horace Miner's description of the body ritual among the Nacirema is used to show 
A. cultural differences in what is considered "beautiful."
B. the effects of media on a person's body image.
C. the ability to learn something new about society.
D. how cultural sociology has evolved over the years.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Sociologists
  2. The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as 
A. culture.
B. society.
C. socialization.
D. social structure.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
   3. A society is 
A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
B. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
C. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
  4. A society 
A. is a dependent group that owes allegiance to a larger group.
B. is the largest form of human group.
C. contains several different cultures.
D. contains one subculture and many cultures.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Information
  5. The textbook indicates which of the following individuals as being associated with the concept of the culture industry? 
A. Karl Marx
B. Theodor Adorno
C. Robert Merton
D. W. E. B. DuBois   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Information
   6. General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called 
A. cultural integration.
B. cultural diffusion.
C. cultural universals.
D. cultural relativism.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
  7. In his research, George Murdock determined which of the following to be a cultural universal? 
A. war
B. astronomy
C. funeral ceremonies
D. All of these answers are correct.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Information
  8. Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? 
A. athletic sports
B. war
C. money restrictions
D. None of these answers is correct.   
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Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
   9. The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others is called 
A. culture shock.
B. cultural relativism.
C. ethnocentrism.
D. value stability.   
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Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Question Category: Definition
  10. The concept of ethnocentrism was originally formulated by 
A. Seymour Martin Lipset.
B. W. I. Thomas.
C. William F. Ogburn.
D. William Graham Sumner.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Question Category: Sociologists
  11. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate covered crickets. She expresses disgust to her traveling companions. She is exhibiting 
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. monophobicism.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Question Category: Application-Concept
   12. An American traveling abroad observes locals eating chocolate covered crickets. While she does not partake herself, she does not judge the practice. She is exhibiting 
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. monophobicism.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Question Category: Application-Concept
  13. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. Therefore, ethnocentrism fosters cohesion in a group. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  14. A U.S. sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast Asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures of which they are a part. This is an example of 
A. xenocentrism.
B. ethnocentrism.
C. cultural relativism.
D. cultural deconstruction.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Question Category: Application-Concept
   15. Which of the following concepts employs the kind of value neutrality in scientific study that Max Weber saw as being so important? 
A. xenocentrism
B. cultural integration
C. cultural relativism
D. ethnocentrism   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
Question Category: Information
  16. Sociobiology is the systematic study of 
A. the social structure within the animal kingdom.
B. the interactions between humans and higher animal forms.
C. the social bases of biological behavior.
D. how biology affects human social behavior.   
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Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior.
Topic: Sociobiology
Question Category: Definition
  17. Discovery is the 
A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B. process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D. process by which cultural items spread to different groups.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
   18. Invention is the 
A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B. process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
  19. Communism, the Episcopalian religion, and the microwave oven are all examples of 
A. diffusion.
B. innovation.
C. invention.
D. discovery.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  20. Diffusion is the 
A. combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist.
B. process of introducing new elements into a culture.
C. process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
D. process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Definition
   21. English-speaking people in the U.S. commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of 
A. nonmaterial culture.
B. cultural diffusion.
C. cultural shock.
D. cultural relativity.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Application-Concept
  22. Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  23. Which sociologist coined the phrase "the McDonaldization of society?" 
A. Karl Marx
B. George Ritzer
C. Friedrich Engels
D. William F. Ogburn   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Sociologists
   24.  Which sociologist defined technology as "information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires?"  
A.  Seymour Martin Lipset 
B.  Robin Williams 
C.  George Murdock 
D.  Gerhard Lenski   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Sociologists
  25. George Ritzer's concept of "the McDonaldization of society" refers to the 
A. placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants by the year 2010.
B. domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast-food restaurants.
C. existence of a fast-food franchise in countries throughout the world.
D. placement of a McDonald's franchise in every community with more than 5,000 inhabitants, and the domination of numerous sectors of societies throughout the world by principles initially used by fast food restaurants.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Information
  26. The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called 
A. norms.
B. material culture.
C. nonmaterial culture.
D. values.   
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Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Material culture
Question Category: Definition
   27. Nonmaterial culture 
A. is more resistant to change than material culture.
B. is less resistant to change than material culture.
C. changes at the same pace as material culture.
D. does not change once it has been created.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Nonmaterial culture
Question Category: Information
  28. A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set can all be considered examples of 
A. xenocentrism.
B. nonmaterial culture.
C. material culture.
D. argot.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Material culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  29. A new Ford Explorer can be considered 
A. material culture.
B. nonmaterial culture.
C. an argot.
D. substance culture.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Material culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
   30. The belief in a higher power can be considered 
A. material culture.
B. nonmaterial culture.
C. an argot.
D. substance culture.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Nonmaterial culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  31. Which sociologist introduced the concept of culture lag to the discipline? 
A. William Ogburn
B. Antonio Gramsci
C. Edward Sapir
D. George Ritzer   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Sociologists
  32. Culture lag is 
A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
B. viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
C. the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives.
D. a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Question Category: Definition
   33. Culture lag occurs because people in most societies are 
A. less likely to resist change to their material culture.
B. less likely to resist change to their nonmaterial culture.
C. more likely to modify cultural universals.
D. less likely to change their folkways.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Material culture
Question Category: Information
  34. A subculture is 
A. a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the larger group.
B. a large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture.
C. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior.
D. a specialized language that is used by members of a group.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Subculture
Question Category: Definition
  35. The employees of Indian call centers can be considered 
A. a subculture.
B. a counterculture.
C. a dominant culture.
D. All of these answers are correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Subculture
Question Category: Application-Concept
   36. In the U.S., professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of 
A. cultures.
B. countercultures.
C. subcultures.
D. contracultures.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Subculture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  37. The use of the terms "g-man," "honey boat," and "airmail" by sanitation workers in New York is an example of 
A. an argot.
B. a taboo.
C. linguistics.
D. nonverbal language.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Subculture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  38. Which sociological perspective suggests that language and symbols offer a powerful way for a subculture to feel cohesive and maintain its identity? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
   39. An argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. Doctors and nurses, for example, have developed a language system that is not easily understood by patients but enables medical professionals to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this specialized medical language? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  40. Which sociological perspective argues that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
   41. Armed militia groups, such as the one that was involved in the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, are an example of 
A. a subculture.
B. a counterculture.
C. a culture.
D. both a subculture and a counterculture.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Subculture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  42. Culture shock is 
A. the act of viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture.
B. the feeling of surprise that is experienced when people witness cultural practices different from their own.
C. being unaware of the existence of other cultures.
D. a set of beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Definition
  43. Beth travels from New York to Africa and is introduced to living in a dirt-floored hut while she works digging canals for a service trip. It is safe to say she would be experiencing 
A. cultural relativity.
B. cultural diffusion.
C. culture shock.
D. cultural integration.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
   44. A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who is suddenly taken to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience 
A. cultural relativity.
B. cultural diffusion.
C. culture shock.
D. cultural integration.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Culture
Question Category: Application-Concept
  45. Indigenous Brazilian groups that were once nomadic are now 
A. nomadic fisherman.
B. living as equals in Brazilian society.
C. confined to reservations.
D. transitioning to the new Brazil.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Dominant ideology
Question Category: Information
  46. An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called 
A. material culture.
B. sanctions.
C. language.
D. argot.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Question Category: Definition
   47. A hypothesis concerning the role of languages in shaping cultures was created by linguist(s) 
A. William F. Ogburn.
B. Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf.
C. W. I. Thomas.
D. George Murdock.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  48. Which of the following is argued by the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? 
A. Language precedes thought.
B. Language is a given and forms independent of culture.
C. Language homogenizes interpretations of reality across disparate cultures.
D. People cannot conceptualize the world only through language.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Question Category: Application-Concept
  49. In the study of language, which sociological perspective suggests that gender-related language reflects the traditional acceptance of men and women into certain occupations? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
Question Category: Application-Concept
   50. Facing forward in an elevator can be considered a(n) 
A. informal norm.
B. formal norm.
C. more.
D. sanction.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Information
  51. In American society, we often formalize norms into 
A. folkways.
B. mores.
C. laws.
D. values.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Information
  52. A law is 
A. a norm governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B. an informal norm that is deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C. a form of governmental social control.
D. None of these answers is correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Application-Concept
   53. Informal norms are 
A. norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B. deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C. made by a government for a society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state.
D. None of these answers is correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Definition
  54. Norms that are generally understood but not precisely recorded are known as 
A. mores.
B. sanctions.
C. informal norms.
D. formal norms.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Definition
  55. While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating 
A. mores.
B. laws.
C. informal norms.
D. formal norms.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Application-Concept
   56. Mores are 
A. norms governing everyday social behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern.
B. norms that are deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
C. norms that are made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the power of the state.
D. None of these answers is correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Definition
  57. Norms governing everyday behavior, the violation of which raises comparatively little concern, are known as 
A. mores.
B. cultural universals.
C. folkways.
D. laws.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
Question Category: Definition
  58. John is pulled over by a police officer for speeding on the Pennsylvania turnpike. He is given a fine of $120.00 and sent on his way. The fine is considered a 
A. more.
B. sanction.
C. norm.
D. law.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
Question Category: Application-Concept
   59. Which sociological perspective would maintain that the laws of a society are created by the groups in power and help those groups maintain their superior status? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  60. Penalties and rewards for conduct relating to a social norm are known as 
A. folkways.
B. mores.
C. values.
D. sanctions.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
Question Category: Definition
  61. One example of a positive, formal sanction is a 
A. salary bonus.
B. demotion.
C. smile.
D. frown.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
Question Category: Information
   62. A Girl Scout works hard on a difficult project, and when she has completed her work, she is given a badge that she can wear on her uniform. This is an example of 
A. a sanction.
B. replication.
C. a more.
D. a typology.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
Question Category: Application-Concept
  63. A worker is frequently late, takes extended "coffee breaks," and makes numerous mistakes while working on important tasks. As a result of poor performance, the worker is fired. This is an example of 
A. a sanction.
B. a law.
C. cultural diffusion.
D. replication.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
Question Category: Application-Concept
  64. Collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper, as well as bad, undesirable, and improper, are known as 
A. values.
B. folkways.
C. mores.
D. sanctions.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Values
Question Category: Definition
   65. Which sociologist created a list of basic values to help define the national character of people living in the U.S.? 
A. George Murdock
B. Robin Williams
C. Karl Marx
D. Edward Sapir   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Values
Question Category: Sociologists
  66. According to Robin Williams, which of the following is NOT among the basic American values? 
A. nationalism
B. equality
C. frugality
D. the supremacy of science over faith   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Values
Question Category: Sociologists
  67. In surveys of first-year college students since 1966, which value has shown the strongest gain in popularity? 
A. being very well off financially
B. developing a meaningful philosophy of life
C. achieving fame
D. finding true love   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Values
Question Category: Information
   68. What term refers to the polarization of society over controversial cultural elements such as abortion, religious expression, gun control, and sexual orientation? 
A. cultural shock
B. culture war
C. subcultures
D. contracultures   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values.
Topic: Conflicting values
Question Category: Information
  69. Psychologist Shalom Schwartz researched values in more than 60 countries and found which of the following values widely shared? 
A. benevolence
B. holding grudges
C. disloyalty
D. power   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values.
Topic: Conflicting values
Question Category: Information
  70. A dominant ideology is 
A. a set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests.
B. a subculture that rejects societal norms and values and seeks an alternative lifestyle.
C. a specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
D. None of these answers is correct.   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Dominant ideology
Question Category: Definition
   71. Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups and institutions control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Dominant ideology
Question Category: Application-Perspectives
  72. Bilingualism is the use of two or more languages 
A. in all sectors of public and private life.
B. in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate.
C. only in educational settings.
D. only in workplaces.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Bilingualism
Question Category: Social Policy
  73. The belief that conformity to a single language helps to unify members of a society reflects which sociological perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Bilingualism
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Social Policy
   74. "Attacks on bilingualism represent an ethnocentric point of view." This statement best reflects the views of which sociological perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Bilingualism
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Social Policy
  75. The statement "Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent a case of subordinated language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression" reflects the views of which sociological perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Bilingualism
Topic: Sociological perspectives
Question Category: Social Policy
  76. What percentage of the United States—over the age of five—spoke a language other than English as their primary language at home in 2011? 
A. 69%
B. 51%
C. 37%
D. 21%   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Bilingualism
Question Category: Social Policy
    
True / False Questions
  77. A primitive tribe that cultivates the soil by hand has much more culture than a modern, computerized society. 
FALSE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
  78. Kissing is an example of a cultural universal. 
FALSE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
  79. Funerals are found in every culture and thus are a cultural universal. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
  80. Democracy is a good example of an invention. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
   81. Sociobiology is founded on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Recognize the difference between sociobiological and cultural explanations of human social behavior.
Topic: Sociobiology
  82. The feminist perspective holds that gender-related language contributes to the traditional acceptance of men and women entering certain occupations. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Describe the influence of language on culture.
Topic: Language
  83. Wearing two different colored socks and a tie that does not match the shirt with which it is being worn are examples of violations of folkways and informal norms. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
  84. In a culture, virtually all citizens follow the same set of norms and values. 
FALSE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
   85. Sanctions can be positive or negative. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
  86. Severe sanctions serve to punish those who violate informal norms. 
FALSE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Identify examples of sanctions for formal and informal norms.
Topic: Sanctions
  87. From a functionalist perspective, the social significance of the dominant ideology is that a society's most powerful groups and institutions control the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media. 
FALSE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: Analyze culture and the dominant ideology using the major sociological perspectives.
Topic: Dominant ideology
Topic: Sociological perspectives
  88. Viewing people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture is known as cultural relativism. 
TRUE   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Cultural relativism
    
Essay Questions
   89. Define the term culture and describe how members of society seek to preserve it. Identify the various cultural universals as suggested by George Murdock's list of cultural universals.  Answers will vary   
Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Explain the sociological meaning of culture and society.
Topic: Culture
  90. Explain the differences among innovations, discoveries, inventions, and diffusion. Give examples of each to clarify the differences.  Answers will vary   
Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Explain the processes by which culture develops and spreads.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
Topic: Culture
  91. Define the term globalization and describe how it affects culture today. Give an example to support your answer.  Answers will vary   
Bloom's: Create
Learning Objective: Describe and identify examples of shared and conflicting global values.
Topic: Cultural diffusion
  92. Identify the various types of social norms and give an example of each. Describe the various sanctions associated with violations of the various social norm types.  Answers will vary   
Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Distinguish between norms and values.
Topic: Norms
   93. Define the term ethnocentrism and discuss why functionalists and conflict theorists disagree over the utility of ethnocentrism.  Answers will vary   
Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: Compare and contrast ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Topic: Ethnocentrism
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