American History Connecting with the Past 15th Edition By Alan Brinkley - Test Bank

Chapter 3 Society and Culture in Provincial America Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Most seventeenth-century English migrants to the North American colonies were A. aristocrats. B. religious dissenters. C. laborers. D. commercial agents. E. landowners. Answer: C Page: 66 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 2. In the seventeenth century, the great majority of English immigrants who came to the Chesapeake region were A. slaves. B. women. C. convicts. D. indentured servants. E. religious dissenters. Answer: D Page: 68 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 3. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the English indenture system? A. Most indentured servants received land upon completion of their contracts. B. Contracts for indenture generally lasted four to five years. C. The presence of indentured servants was a source of social unrest. D. Female indentured servants were typically not allowed to marry while under contract. E. Female indentured servants constituted one-fourth of the total arrivals. Answer: A Page: 66-67, 70 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 4. By 1700, English colonial landowners began to rely more heavily on African slavery in part because A. of a declining birthrate in England. B. of worsening economic conditions in England. C. landowners in the southern colonies became less capable of paying indentured servant wages. D. the English government had come to discourage the practice of indenture. E. colonial parliaments passed laws improving the status of indentured servants. Answer: A Page: 68 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 5. Regarding colonial life expectancy during the seventeenth century, A. backcountry settlers had a similar life expectancy to that of settlers in coastal areas. B. life expectancy was highest in the southern colonies. C. one in two white children in the Chesapeake died in infancy. D. men had a shorter life expectancy than women. E. life expectancy in New England was exceptionally high. Answer: E Page: 68 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 6. During the seventeenth century, English colonists in the Chesapeake saw A. women significantly outnumber men. B. a life expectancy for men of just over forty years. C. few single adults. D. eight out of ten children dying in infancy. E. an increasingly unbalanced sex ratio. Answer: B Page: 69 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 7. By 1775, the non-Indian population of the English colonies was just over A. 1 million. B. 2 million. C. 4 million. D. 6 million. E. 8 million. Answer: B Page: 76 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 8. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, medical practitioners A. became increasingly professionalized. B. had little or no knowledge of sterilization. C. grew to understand the link between bacteria and infection. D. were nearly all males. E. rejected purging and bleeding as medical techniques. Answer: B Page: 69 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 9. The seventeenth-century medical practice of deliberately bleeding a person was based on A. Calvinist religious doctrine. B. scientific experimentation and observation. C. evidence that it helped in the recovery from illness. D. practices acquired from Indians. E. the belief that a person needed to maintain a balance of different bodily fluids. Answer: E Page: 69 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 10. In the seventeenth century, white women in the colonial Chesapeake A. generally married later than in England. B. generally had a longer life expectancy than their husbands. C. rarely engaged in premarital sex. D. averaged one pregnancy for every two years of marriage. E. bore an average of four children apiece. Answer: D Page: 70 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 11. Compared to women in colonial Chesapeake, New England women A. were more likely to become widows. B. were more likely to have their family remain intact. C. had fewer children. D. had much less legal authority in their marriages. E. lost their husbands earlier in life. Answer: B Page: 71 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 12. In colonial New England, A. strict parental control made premarital sexual relations almost nonexistent. B. choosing a spouse independent of a parent’s wishes was common. C. dowries were a common feature of marriage. D. widows tended not to remarry. E. gender equality was reinforced by the prevailing culture. Answer: C Page: 71 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 13. In colonial New England Puritan communities, women A. were not highly valued. B. were considered to be socially equal to males. C. were expected to devote themselves to serving the needs of their husbands and households. D. could not be official members of the church. E. were more likely to become pregnant before marriage than in the South. Answer: C Page: 71 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 14. In colonial New England Puritan communities, the family was A. highly valued. B. expected to be under the authority of women. C. marked by relatively loose parental supervision. D. both highly valued and expected to be under the authority of women. E. neither highly valued nor expected to be under the authority of women. Answer: A Page: 71 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 15. The term “middle passage” refers to the movement of enslaved Africans A. from the coastal regions of colonies to their interiors. B. from Africa to Europe. C. from the Caribbean to the mainland colonies. D. between individual North American colonies. E. from Africa to the New World. Answer: E Page: 71 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 16. The total number of Africans forcibly brought to all of the Americas as slaves is estimated to have been as many as A. 4 million. B. 7 million. C. 11 million. D. 19 million. E. 26 million. Answer: C Page: 71 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 17. During the seventeenth century, the Royal African Company of England A. deliberately restricted the supply of slaves to the North American colonies. B. lowered the prices of slaves in order to increase their sale in the North American colonies. C. sent the majority of its enslaved Africans directly to the Chesapeake colonies. D. would only ship adult African men in the slave trade. E. stopped importing slaves directly from Africa. Answer: A Page: 72 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 18. What statement regarding slavery in English North America in 1700 is FALSE? A. There were about 25,000 slaves in the colonies. B. Blacks outnumbered whites in some areas. C. There were twice as many black men as black women. D. The demand for slaves led to a steady rise in the prices paid for them. E. Blacks were heavily concentrated in a few southern colonies. Answer: D Page: 72 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 19. In English North American colonies, the application of slave codes was based on color and A. nothing more. B. religion. C. laboring skills. D. origin of birth. E. economic status. Answer: A Page: 74 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 20. In comparing the colonial societies of Spanish America and English America, people of mixed races had a A. higher status than pure Africans in Spanish America. B. higher status than pure Africans in English America. C. lower status than pure Africans in Spanish America. D. higher status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America. E. lower status than pure Africans in both Spanish and English America. Answer: A Page: 74 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 21. New England, for all its belief in community and liberty, was far from an egalitarian society. “Some must be rich and some poor” is a statement attributed to which seventeenth-century colonial? A. George Whitefield B. Charles Wesley C. Jonathan Edwards D. John Locke E. John Winthrop Answer: E Page: 88 Topic: Divergent Cultures in the Colonies 22. The largest contingent of immigrants during the colonial period were the A. French Huguenots. B. Scots-Irish. C. Moravians and Mennonites. D. Irish Catholics. E. Palatinate Germans. Answer: B Page: 75 Topic: Immigration to North America 23. The seventeenth-century tobacco economy of the Chesapeake region A. was concentrated on many small farms with few slaves. B. went through numerous boom-and-bust cycles. C. often saw production not meet demand. D. saw planters cut back on production as a way of raising prices. E. saw prices rise steadily throughout the period. Answer: B Page: 77 Topic: The Colonial Economies 24. Rice production in colonial America A. was very difficult and unhealthy work. B. relied largely on free white labor. C. was a new crop to most Africans. D. was found mostly in the Chesapeake colonies. E. mostly occurred in inland regions. Answer: A Page: 77 Topic: The Colonial Economies 25. Which statement about the economy of the northern colonies is true? A. Conditions for farming were more favorable than in the southern colonies. B. Planters were more likely to rely on slave labor. C. Agriculture was not the dominant industry of the economy. D. New England was able to develop several major export crops. E. The economy was more diverse than in the southern colonies. Answer: E Page: 78 Topic: The Colonial Economies 26. The first significant metals industry in the colonies was developed for A. steel. B. iron. C. gold. D. silver. E. brass. Answer: B Page: 79 Topic: The Colonial Economies 27. Industrialization in colonial America was hampered by A. English parliamentary regulations. B. a small domestic market. C. an inadequate labor supply. D. an inadequate transportation network. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 79-80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 28. In the seventeenth century, most colonial families A. owned spinning wheels or looms. B. were self-sufficient. C. did not own a plow. D. grew and processed their own grain. E. used wagons to transfer goods to market. Answer: C Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 29. Commerce in early colonial America relied in large part on A. barter. B. paper currency. C. gold. D. silver. E. credit. Answer: A Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 30. The “triangular trade” in the Atlantic dealt with which commodity? A. rum B. sugar C. slaves D. molasses E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 31. By the mid-eighteenth century, a distinct colonial merchant class came into existence in part because of A. the abolishment of the British Navigation Acts. B. the development of a substantial colonial manufacturing industry. C. illegal colonial trade in markets outside of the British Empire. D. new access by non-British ships to the colonial carrying trade. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: C Page: 81 Topic: The Colonial Economies 32. During the eighteenth century, rising consumerism in the American colonies was encouraged by A. the quickly rising purchasing power of members of the lower classes. B. the association of material possessions with loyalty to the crown. C. the rising ideal of equality of condition among colonists. D. increasing class distinctions within society and the association of material possessions with status in the upper class. E. the rising ideal of equality of condition among colonists and the association of material possessions with personal virtue and refinement. Answer: D Page: 82 Topic: The Colonial Economies 33. Seventeenth-century southern plantations A. enabled planters to control their markets. B. tended to be rough and relatively small. C. used many more slaves than indentured servants. D. rarely saw the landowner do any manual labor. E. created few new wealthy landowners. Answer: B Page: 83 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 34. The first plantations in colonial North America emerged in the tobacco-growing areas of A. New York and New Jersey. B. North Carolina and South Carolina. C. Georgia and South Carolina. D. Delaware and Pennsylvania. E. Virginia and Maryland. Answer: E Page: 83 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 35. The proportion of all blacks in the colonies living on a plantation of at least ten slaves was over A. one-fourth. B. one-third. C. one-half. D. three-fourths. E. nine-tenths. Answer: D Page: 84 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 36. Which statement regarding the lives of slaves in colonial North America is true? A. Most slaves worked as house servants. B. Whites rarely intruded upon the conventions of black society. C. Slaves had no opportunity to develop their own society or culture. D. Slave religion was a blend of Christianity and African folk tradition. E. Slaves hardly ever resisted their masters. Answer: D Page: 84 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 37. In the North American colonies, mulatto children were A. regarded as white by the white society. B. rejected by the rest of the slave community. C. rarely produced. D. rarely recognized by their white fathers. E. freed at birth. Answer: D Page: 84 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 38. The Stono Rebellion A. led to the death of dozens of white Virginian colonists. B. saw slaves in South Carolina attempt to escape from the colony. C. led to the banning of the slave trade in Maryland. D. prompted Georgia to strengthen its laws on slavery. E. led planters to resume hiring indentured servants for their labor needs. Answer: B Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 39. The most common form of resistance of enslaved Africans to their condition was A. arson. B. destruction of crops. C. running away. D. subtle defiance or evasion of their masters. E. poisoning food. Answer: C Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 40. Which of the following statements about slave work is FALSE? A. Field hand was the predominant occupation of both male and female slaves. B. Some slaves on larger plantations learned trades and crafts. C. Skilled slaves were at times hired out to other planters. D. A few slaves were able to buy their freedom. E. Colonial slave codes forbade teaching slaves skilled trades and crafts. Answer: E Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 41. In Puritan New England, full membership in town governance was limited to A. all land-owning adults. B. “selectmen.” C. adult males who were church members. D. all church members. E. land-owning males. Answer: C Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 42. Primogeniture refers to the A. right to vote. B. passing of property to the firstborn son. C. tending of a servant’s indenture. D. arrangement of authority within New England assemblies. E. practice of granting land only to those assured of salvation. Answer: B Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 43. Over time, tensions in Puritan New England communities developed primarily as a result of A. religious dissent. B. the practices of land inheritance. C. calls for gender equality. D. population growth and the commercialization of society. E. population growth and calls for gender equality. Answer: D Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 44. In the outbreaks of witchcraft hysteria that marked New England colonial life, those accused were most commonly A. not members of the church. B. criminals. C. indentured servants. D. women of low social position. E. Indians or slaves. Answer: D Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 45. The witchcraft trials in Salem A. were unique in the history of colonial New England. B. saw the original accusers recant their charges. C. led to prison terms, but no executions. D. provided evidence of a decline in religious fervor. E. almost resulted in the revocation of Massachusetts’s charter. Answer: B Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 46. By the 1770s, the two largest port cities in colonial North America were A. Philadelphia and New York. B. Boston and Newport. C. Philadelphia and Charleston. D. New York and Boston. E. Boston and Charleston. Answer: A Page: 87 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 47. Class divisions in colonial North American cities were A. sharper than in corresponding European cities. B. more real and visible than in rural places. C. essentially nonexistent. D. weaker in the North than in the South. E. smoothed over by church and social registers. Answer: B Page: 87-88 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 48. In the 1760s, the revolutionary crisis in English North America began in cities because A. the majority of the population lived in urban areas. B. cities were the centers of intellectual information. C. rural populations had few grievances with the crown. D. city inhabitants tended to be rowdier than their rural counterparts. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: B Page: 88 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 49. In the eighteenth century, religious toleration in the American colonies A. flourished due to the diversity of practices brought by settlers. B. was unmatched in any European nation. C. was enhanced because no single religious code could be imposed on any large area. D. grew despite laws establishing the Church of England as the official colonial religion. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 89 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 50. The Church of England was the official faith of A. New Jersey. B. Massachusetts. C. Virginia. D. Connecticut. E. all of the colonies. Answer: C Page: 89 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 51. In the English colonies, Roman Catholics A. suffered their greatest persecution in Maryland. B. made up a large minority population of most colonies. C. were officially illegal. D. were generally well treated. E. suffered their greatest persecution in the Carolinas. Answer: A Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 52. In the English colonies, Jews A. had their largest community in Rhode Island. B. did not live in most of the colonies. C. enjoyed considerable toleration. D. could not practice their religion openly anywhere. E. could not vote or hold office. Answer: E Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 53. “Jeremiads” were A. a measurement of wealth. B. community experiments. C. sermons. D. witchcraft. E. town meetings. Answer: C Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 54. In the mid-1600s, New England Puritan ministers began preaching against the decline of A. family. B. piety. C. community. D. freedom. E. tolerance. Answer: B Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 55. The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s A. began as a call for young men to become ministers. B. had particular appeal with women and young men. C. alienated traditional New England Puritans. D. failed to take root in southern colonies. E. helped to smooth differences within existing congregations. Answer: B Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 56. George Whitefield is associated with the A. growth of American Catholicism. B. founding of the American Baptist Church. C. Quakers. D. Great Awakening. E. Enlightenment. Answer: D Page: 90-91 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 57. A leading figure of the Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards preached A. highly orthodox Puritan ideas. B. the possibility of easy salvation. C. that women should join the ministry. D. that the ideas of predestination were outmoded for the times. E. salvation through good works. Answer: A Page: 91 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 58. Eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought A. emphasized the importance of religious faith. B. rejected most religious thought. C. had little influence on American intellectual thought. D. challenged concepts such as “natural laws.” E. suggested that people had considerable control over their own lives. Answer: E Page: 91 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 59. All of the following Americans made important contributions to Enlightenment thought EXCEPT A. James Madison. B. Benjamin Franklin. C. Thomas Jefferson. D. John Locke. E. Thomas Paine. Answer: D Page: 92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 60. After the Bible, the first widely circulated publications in colonial America were A. political pamphlets. B. hymnals. C. almanacs. D. historical writings. E. drinking songs. Answer: C Page: 92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 61. By 1776, what proportion of white males were literate in colonial America? A. less than a quarter B. about a third C. just less than half D. more than half E. almost all Answer: D Page: 92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 62. The Church of England was established as the official religion in all of the following colonies EXCEPT A. Virginia. B. New York. C. Maryland. D. Georgia. E. Massachusetts. Answer: E Page: 89 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 63. Which statement regarding colonial higher education is true? A. Most colleges were founded by religious groups. B. Colonists placed a low value on any formal education. C. Parliament regulated the establishment of American colleges. D. Most colonial colleges accepted female students. E. Most colonial leaders after 1700 went abroad to study. Answer: A Page: 93 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 64. The first American college was A. Columbia. B. Harvard. C. Yale. D. William and Mary. E. Princeton. Answer: B Page: 93 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 65. The verdict of the 1735 libel trial of New York publisher John Peter Zenger A. increased freedom of the press in the colonies. B. restricted the ability of the press to report on government affairs. C. resulted in the closure of several colonial newspapers. D. ruled that criticisms by the press, even if factually accurate, were libelous. E. banned all printed attacks on the king or Parliament in the colonies. Answer: A Page: 96 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America True/False Questions 66. By the late seventeenth century, European and African immigrants outnumbered natives along the Atlantic coast. Answer: True Page: 66 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 67. Most indentured servants came to the colonies voluntarily. Answer: True Page: 67 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 68. Indentured servitude developed out of practices in England. Answer: True Page: 66 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 69. Immigration was the most important factor for long-term English colonial population growth. Answer: False Page: 67-68 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 70. Life expectancy in New England was higher than in England and in the rest of British North America. Answer: True Page: 68 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 71. Most indentured servants were forbidden to marry until their terms of service were over. Answer: True Page: 70 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 72. In the seventeenth century, it was easy for women to enter the medical field as midwives. Answer: True Page: 69 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 73. Medical evidence suggests that bleeding a patient could assist in recovery from an illness. Answer: False Page: 69 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 74. In the Chesapeake region, traditional patterns of male patriarchy began to experience a revival by the early eighteenth century. Answer: True Page: 70 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 75. Fewer than five percent of African slaves imported to the Americas arrived first in the English colonies. Answer: True Page: 72 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 76. Black workers did not become generally available in British North America until the early part of the eighteenth century. Answer: False Page: 72 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 77. Skin color was the only factor in determining whether a person was subject to slave codes. Answer: True Page: 74 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 78. In the seventeenth century, most blacks who came to the English colonies in North America came directly from Africa. Answer: False Page: 72 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 79. In the early seventeenth century, the legal status of slaves was ambiguous and fluid. Answer: True Page: 73 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 80. English America recognized no distinctions between pure Africans and people of mixed race. Answer: True Page: 74 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 81. The first large group of non-English European immigrants to British North America was the Huguenots. Answer: True Page: 74-75 Topic: Immigration to North America 82. The most numerous of the non-English European immigrants to British North America were the Scots-Irish. Answer: True Page: 75 Topic: Immigration to North America 83. African slaves engaged in the cultivation of rice, but they were not very adept at it. Answer: False Page: 78 Topic: The Colonial Economies 84. Colonial agriculture in the northern colonies was more diversified than in the southern colonies. Answer: True Page: 78 Topic: The Colonial Economies 85. Parliament passed the Iron Act in 1750 to encourage colonial production of this metal. Answer: False Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 86. The most commonly owned tool on colonial American farms was the plow. Answer: False Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 87. The British Navigation Acts were designed to protect England from foreign competition in the colonies. Answer: True Page: 81 Topic: The Colonial Economies 88. There were sharp social distinctions in the colonies, but the English class system did not take root in the colonies. Answer: True Page: 82 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 89. Seventeenth-century colonial plantations were actually relatively small estates. Answer: True Page: 83 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 90. Because of their concentration on cotton, most southern plantations grew highly reliant on small towns and cities for their supplies. Answer: False Page: 83 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 91. Some enslaved Africans became skilled crafts workers. Answer: True Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 92. Very little slave resistance took the form of open rebellion. Answer: True Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 93. The characteristic social unit in New England was the nuclear family living on a farm. Answer: False Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 94. New Englanders did not adopt the English system of primogeniture. Answer: True Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 95. The Salem girls who accused people of being witches never recanted their stories. Answer: False Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 96. Most of those accused of witchcraft in Salem were women of low social position. Answer: True Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 97. Belief in witchcraft was not a common feature of Puritan religious life. Answer: False Page: 87 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 98. Religious toleration was more pronounced in America than anywhere in Europe. Answer: True Page: 89 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 99. Puritanism in New England was confined to a single religious denomination. Answer: False Page: 89 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 100. The revival that was the Great Awakening was rooted in a desire to reinvigorate family life. Answer: False Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 101. The Enlightenment was the product of seventeenth-century scientific and intellectual discoveries. Answer: True Page: 91 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 102. Enlightenment thought encouraged people to reject their religious faith. Answer: False Page: 91-92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 103. Eighteenth-century literacy among American men was higher than in most European countries. Answer: True Page: 92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 104. Harvard College was created by Great Awakening ministers as a school for future ministers. Answer: False Page: 93 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 105. The case of John Peter Zenger saw the courts rule that criticisms of the government were not libelous if actually true. Answer: True Page: 96 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 106. During the course of colonial history, colonial legislatures grew increasingly accustomed to operating on orders from Parliament. Answer: False Page: 96 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 107. Most women who entered into the medical profession did so as ________. Answer: midwives Page: 79 Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 108. The dreaded journey in which captured Africans were transported to the Americas to be sold as slaves was called the ________. Answer: middle passage Page: 71 Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 109. French Calvinists were referred to as ________. Answer: Huguenots Page: 74-75 Topic: Immigration to North America 110. The exchange of rum, slaves, and sugar has been called the ________. Answer: triangular trade Page: 80 Topic: The Colonial Economies 111. The most serious colonial slave revolt, called the ________, took place in South Carolina in 1739. Answer: Stono Rebellion Page: 85 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 112. The first significant colonial metals industry was established in ________, Massachusetts. Answer: Saugus Page: 79 Topic: The Colonial Economies 113. Those Puritans who could give evidence of grace, being among the elect, and were admitted to full church membership were called “________.” Answer: visible saints Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 114. The English system of passing property to the firstborn son is called ________. Answer: primogeniture Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 115. The largest outbreak of suspected witchcraft persecution in British North America took place in the community of ________. Answer: Salem Page: 86 Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 116. Puritan sermons of despair were called ________. Answer: jeremiads Page: 90 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 117. The most outstanding Great Awakening preacher was New England Congregationalist ________. Answer: Jonathan Edwards Page: 91 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 118. Francis Bacon and John Locke were influential in the ideas of the ________. Answer: Enlightenment Page: 92 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 119. The first American college, established in 1636, was ________. Answer: Harvard Page: 93 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 120. Founded in 1755 by a group of laymen, the Academy and College of ________ was a completely secular institution. Answer: Philadelphia Page: 94 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 121. Cotton Mather promoted the use of inoculation against the disease ________. Answer: smallpox Page: 94-95 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America 122. In England, a printed attack on a public official, whether true or false, was considered ________. Answer: libelous Page: 96 Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America Essay Questions 123. Discuss the differences between the demographics of the colonial South and those of the colonial North. Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 124. Characterize colonial medical practices by examining their positive and negative features. Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 125. Assess the beginnings of slavery in North America (in the main text) and make an argument for which historical explanation for its origins—from the section “Debating the Past: The Origins of Slavery”—seems most accurate. Topic: The Changing Lives of Slaves 126. Why was there a late revival of patriarchy in the Chesapeake region? Compare or contrast the status of women in the Chesapeake with that of women in New England. Topic: Population Patterns and Family Life 127. How did immigration affect social and economic life in the colonies? Topic: Immigration to North America 128. What were the critical differences between a southern plantation and a New England town? Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 129. Assess the character and nature of religion in colonial America. Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 130. Describe the technological status of eighteenth-century Americans by examining the development and limits of technology. Topic: Divergent Cultures and Societal Structures in the Colonies 131. What effect did the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening have on life in British North America? Topic: Intellectual Culture in Colonial America Chapter 6 The Constitution and the New Republic Multiple-Choice Questions 1. By the late 1780s, dissatisfaction with the Articles of Confederation included a belief that the national government A. had grown too powerful. B. was too closely tied to England. C. was pushing America into another war with England. D. was ineffective. E. had sold too much western land to speculators. Answer: D Page: 160 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 2. In 1786, Alexander Hamilton found an important ally, in his push for a stronger central government, in A. Thomas Jefferson. B. James Madison. C. George Washington. D. Benjamin Franklin. E. Thomas Paine. Answer: B Page: 161 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 3. Which event, more than any other, convinced George Washington that the Articles of Confederation needed to be revised? A. the Spanish threat to take New Orleans B. the British refusal to evacuate the forts of the Northwest C. Shays’s Rebellion D. the Whiskey Rebellion E. the Battle of Fallen Timbers Answer: C Page: 161 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 4. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 A. did not fear concentrated government power. B. welcomed the possibilities of direct democracy. C. were suspicious of wealthy property owners. D. well represented the diversity of the national population. E. were well educated by the standards of their time. Answer: E Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 5. At the start of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the delegates ruled that A. their proceeding would be open to the public. B. states would have proportional voting based on each state’s population. C. each state delegation would have a single vote. D. slavery would have to be preserved within the United States. E. the country needed a stronger army to prevent further popular uprisings. Answer: C Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 6. The Virginia Plan called for A. retaining the Articles of Confederation, with the addition of a national executive. B. a two-tier national legislature. C. combining the three smallest states into one large state. D. a Senate in which each state would have two members. E. an end to the slave trade and gradual emancipation. Answer: B Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 7. The New Jersey Plan A. proposed a legislature consisting of a House of Representatives and a Senate. B. was chosen by the convention delegates to replace the Virginia Plan. C. had the general support of the larger states. D. expanded the taxation and regulatory powers of Congress. E. was proposed by delegate Edmund Randolph. Answer: D Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 8. The Constitutional Convention of 1787 came close to A. abolishing slavery. B. granting citizenship to slaves. C. granting suffrage for free black males. D. abolishing slavery and granting citizenship to slaves. E. None of these answers is correct. Answer: E Page: 164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 9. The achievement of the “Great Compromise” of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was its resolution of the problem regarding A. women and voting. B. the definition of citizenship. C. political representation. D. states versus federal authority. E. expansion of slavery into the territories. Answer: C Page: 164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 10. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, for the purpose of political representation, slaves were classified as A. three-fifths of a free person. B. non-taxable. C. property. D. equivalent to children. E. citizens. Answer: A Page: 164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 11. In the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a major concession to the pro-slavery delegates was the A. agreement that half of all future states would allow slavery. B. strengthened fugitive slave provision. C. continuation of the slave trade for at least twenty more years. D. guarantee of the permanent continuation of slavery where it existed. E. denial of suffrage to free black men. Answer: C Page: 164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 12. At the Philadelphia convention, James Madison argued that the ultimate authority of the federal government came from the A. individual states. B. people. C. Congress. D. Constitution. E. rule of law. Answer: B Page: 165 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 13. James Madison’s ideas regarding republican government A. were drawn from the French philosopher Baron de Montesquieu. B. reflected his fear that a large republic was more likely to result in tyranny. C. assumed that political factions would help in preventing tyranny. D. suggested that the state governments were ultimately sovereign. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: C Page: 166 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 14. Under the “checks and balances” system of the Constitution of 1787, federal judges A. were appointed by Congress. B. served for life. C. were elected by state legislatures. D. could not reverse state court rulings. E. served at the pleasure of the executive. Answer: B Page: 166 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 15. Under the Constitution of 1787, the people would directly elect A. members of the House of Representatives. B. members of the Senate. C. the president. D. federal judges. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: A Page: 166 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 16. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 recommended the document be ratified by A. a direct vote of the people. B. special state ratifying conventions. C. another national convention. D. state legislatures. E. the Confederation Congress. Answer: B Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 17. In the debate over the Constitution of 1787, Antifederalist opponents to the document A. were better organized. B. had the support of George Washington. C. feared that poorly educated men would be elected to prominent political offices. D. believed the new government was not strong enough to maintain order. E. argued that the Constitution would put an end to individual liberty. Answer: E Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 18. Who among the following was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers? A. George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Mason E. Samuel Adams Answer: C Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 19. The core complaint of Antifederalists about the proposed Constitution of 1787 was that it A. placed obstacles between the people and the exercise of power. B. omitted references to God. C. allowed the people to have too much direct influence on the choosing of politicians. D. granted the states too much power. E. failed to abolish slavery. Answer: A Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 20. The Antifederalists A. saw the power of the southern states as the chief obstacle to an effective new government. B. feared that the new government would be too weak to enforce its new powers. C. feared that the government too much favored common people over the “well-born.” D. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the new government would widely abuse its powers. E. saw themselves as defenders of the principles of the American Revolution and feared that the government too much favored common people over the “well-born.” Answer: D Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 21. The first state to ratify the Constitution in 1787 was A. New Hampshire. B. Delaware. C. Connecticut. D. New Jersey. E. Rhode Island. Answer: B Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 22. Virginia and New York ratified the Constitution of 1787 under the assumption that A. a provision would be added allowing for the direct election of presidents. B. Thomas Jefferson would become the first president. C. there would be a ban on the importation of slaves. D. a bill of rights would be added later, in the form of amendments. E. it would not be ratified by enough other states to become binding. Answer: D Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 23. In the first national elections in 1789, A. all the presidential electors cast their votes for George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to be vice president. C. the presidential inauguration was held in Philadelphia. D. John Adams campaigned against George Washington. E. Antifederalists won a convincing majority in the Senate. Answer: A Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 24. Nine of the first ten amendments to the Constitution placed limits on the A. states. B. new government. C. rights of individuals. D. courts. E. presidential cabinet. Answer: B Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 25. According to the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Supreme Court was to be A. composed of nine members. B. the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws. C. directly elected by the people. D. both composed of nine members and the judicial power for interpreting the constitutionality of state laws. E. both composed of nine members and directly elected by the people. Answer: B Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 26. The first secretary of the treasury under the new government of 1789 was A. Alexander Hamilton. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Robert Morris. D. James Madison. E. Henry Knox. Answer: A Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 27. In the 1790s, those who were labeled Republicans envisioned developing a nation that would A. be highly commercial and urban. B. be largely agricultural and rural. C. be a leading world power. D. eventually control most of North America. E. eventually grant political rights to women and minorities as well as white men. Answer: B Page: 169 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 28. Federalists controlled the new government under the Constitution for its first A. four years. B. eight years. C. twelve years. D. sixteen years. E. twenty years. Answer: C Page: 169 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 29. As president, George Washington A. had never envisioned a strong central government. B. considered it his duty to resolve political controversies. C. sought to dominate national politics. D. grew concerned that the federal government was gaining too much power. E. avoided personal involvement with the deliberations of Congress. Answer: E Page: 169 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 30. The dominant figure of George Washington’s administration was A. George Washington. B. Thomas Jefferson. C. Henry Knox. D. Alexander Hamilton. E. Aaron Burr. Answer: D Page: 169 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 31. As treasury secretary, Alexander Hamilton A. wanted to eliminate the national debt. B. opposed the federal government’s assumption of state debts. C. supported the creation of a national bank. D. encouraged the federal government to focus on the needs of the independent farmer. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: C Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 32. Under Alexander Hamilton’s plan, a new national bank would A. have a monopoly on the government’s banking business. B. facilitate the collection of taxes. C. provide loans to private businesses. D. act as a storehouse for federal deposits. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 33. Alexander Hamilton recommended that the federal government raise revenue through A. an import tax and a personal income tax. B. a sales tax and a property tax. C. an excise tax and an import tax. D. an excise tax and a sales tax. E. a sales tax and a personal income tax. Answer: C Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 34. Alexander Hamilton’s funding plan A. was eventually passed by Congress essentially as Hamilton had desired. B. was supported by James Madison. C. was rejected by Congress. D. called for paying all bondholders only a fraction of the value of the bonds. E. called for dividing bonds between their original purchasers and speculators. Answer: A Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 35. Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the federal government to assume state debts was passed by Congress after a deal was made to A. give a pay increase to government employees. B. appoint key Jefferson allies to the Washington administration. C. create two new states in the West. D. locate the nation’s capital between Virginia and Maryland. E. eliminate the national bank. Answer: D Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 36. James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and other leaders opposed Alexander Hamilton’s proposed national bank on the grounds that A. Congress had no authority to create a national bank. B. a national bank would lead to currency inflation. C. a national bank would lead to rampant speculation. D. Congress had no authority to create a national bank, and a national bank would lead to currency inflation. E. a national bank would lead to currency inflation and rampant speculation. Answer: A Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 37. Which group opposed Alexander Hamilton’s economic program on the grounds that they would bear a disproportionate tax burden? A. creditors. B. manufacturers. C. the urban wealthy. D. Federalists. E. small farmers. Answer: E Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 38. In the Constitution, political parties were A. not mentioned. B. described as dangerous. C. encouraged. D. viewed as temporary factions. E. specifically proscribed. Answer: A Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 39. The emergence of an alternative political organization to the Federalists was prompted by A. a dispute over President Washington’s policies for westward expansion. B. fear that the Federalists were attempting to end free elections. C. belief that the power of the Federalists needed to be restrained. D. a growing debate over the national bank. E. fear that George Washington would try to run for a third term. Answer: C Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 40. The two preeminent Republicans of the 1790s were A. Alexander Hamilton and James Monroe. B. John Adams and James Madison. C. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. D. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. E. Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr. Answer: D Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 41. During the 1790s, regional support in the United States for Federalists was greatest in the A. rural Deep South. B. rural Far West. C. Northeast. D. Southwest. E. mid-Atlantic region. Answer: C Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 42. In America, the French Revolution was generally praised by A. Federalists. B. Republicans. C. Federalists and Republicans. D. Indians and slaves. E. no one. Answer: B Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 43. The Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 saw A. the federal government conduct itself much as it did during Shays’s Rebellion. B. violent clashes between urban merchants and American troops. C. a briefly successful move by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union. D. a failed attempt by Pennsylvania to secede from the Union. E. President Washington lead thousands of troops into the field. Answer: E Page: 172 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 44. In reference to Indians living in the United States, the Constitution A. made no mention of Indian nations. B. stated Indian tribes were entitled to direct representation in the federal government. C. required the federal government to respect treaties negotiated under the Confederation. D. declared Congress had no legal right to regulate commerce with Indian tribes. E. defined a precise legal standing for Indians and Indian nations. Answer: C Page: 173 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 45. Jay’s Treaty (1794) A. avoided a likely war with England. B. secured British compensation for recent attacks on American ships. C. led to the withdrawal of British forces posted on the American frontier. D. prompted England to send its first minister since the Revolution to the United States. E. recognized the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi to its mouth. Answer: A Page: 174 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 46. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) was negotiated between the United States and A. Great Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. the Netherlands. E. the Iroquois Confederacy. Answer: C Page: 174 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 47. Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) gave the United States A. the right to navigate the Mississippi River to its mouth. B. the freedom to use the port at New Orleans. C. a desired fixed northern boundary of Florida. D. assurances that Indians in Florida would be prevented from launching northern raids. E. All these answers are correct. Answer: E Page: 174 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 48. The election of 1796 saw A. a Federalist president and a Republican vice president take office. B. the Republicans win the presidency for the first time. C. the House of Representatives determine the presidential victor. D. the Federalists reach their height of power and unity. E. John Adams become president on the Republican ticket. Answer: A Page: 175 Topic: Federalists in Decline 49. The “XYZ Affair” A. involved foreign interference in an American presidential election. B. involved secret foreign treaties with nearby Indian nations. C. increased tensions between the United States and Great Britain. D. was prompted by a feud between John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. E. led to an undeclared war between the United States and France. Answer: E Page: 176 Topic: Federalists in Decline 50. The Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) A. gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism. B. were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism. C. were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. D. gave the federal government effective authority to stifle any public criticism, and were aggressively used by the Adams administration to that effect. E. were aggressively used by the Adams administration to suppress public criticism until they were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Answer: A Page: 176 Topic: Federalists in Decline 51. In the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it was asserted that A. the Republicans had betrayed the spirit of the Constitution. B. the federal government had the right to void state laws. C. the Supreme Court had no constitutional authority to invalidate federal laws. D. the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was unjust. E. states had the right to nullify federal laws. Answer: E Page: 177 Topic: Federalists in Decline 52. In the late 1790s, on the political scene, A. the United States was deeply and bitterly divided. B. the republican form of government had won over most skeptics. C. the power of the Republicans was declining. D. the United States had developed a clear two-party system. E. there was considerable agreement over most important foreign policy questions. Answer: A Page: 177 Topic: Federalists in Decline 53. The presidential campaign in 1800 A. saw the Republicans win a decisive victory over the Federalists. B. was notable for the sensational personal slandering of both candidates. C. saw leading Federalists in Congress attempt to engineer the election of Aaron Burr. D. was decided by a newly elected Republican Congress. E. was further complicated by the emergence of a third party, the Whigs. Answer: B Page: 177 Topic: Federalists in Decline 54. Who described the election of 1800 as the “Revolution of 1800”? A. Thomas Jefferson B. Alexander Hamilton C. John Adams D. James Madison E. George Washington Answer: A Page: 178 Topic: Federalists in Decline 55. The Judiciary Act of 1801 A. was passed by the new Republican Congress. B. increased the size of the Supreme Court by two seats. C. was an attempt by Federalists to secure their hold on the courts. D. resulted in the Federalists losing control of the judiciary. E. was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Answer: C Page: 178 Topic: Federalists in Decline True/False Questions 56. In the 1780s, American manufacturers wanted to replace the various state tariffs with a uniformly high national duty. Answer: True Page: 160 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 57. George Washington was greatly alarmed by Shays’s Rebellion. Answer: True Page: 161 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 58. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 greatly exceeded their instructions from Congress and the states. Answer: True Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 59. The delegates who drafted the new Constitution were products of the American Revolution but had lost their fears of concentrated power. Answer: False Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 60. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, each delegate voted as an individual. Answer: False Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 61. The Virginia Plan called for a two-house legislature. Answer: True Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 62. The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan were quite different, but each saw fit to give each state equal representation. Answer: False Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 63. The Constitution was submitted to the states for ratification with the Bill of Rights. Answer: False Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 64. The new Constitution banned the slave trade, but it did not ban slavery. Answer: False Page: 164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 65. Under the new Constitution, the federal government would have the power to tax, regulate commerce, and control the currency. Answer: True Page: 165 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 66. Under the new Constitution, federal judges were appointed by the president and confirmed by both houses of Congress. Answer: False Page: 166 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 67. Before the new Constitution could go into effect, it had to be ratified by all thirteen existing states. Answer: False Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 68. Like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson’s estate freed his slaves after his death. Answer: False Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 69. Supporters of the new Constitution were better organized than were their opponents. Answer: True Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 70. Ratification of the Constitution was given a big boost when New York and Virginia both approved the document early in the ratification process. Answer: False Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 71. The Constitution determined that the number of justices on the Supreme Court would be nine. Answer: False Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 72. Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton served as secretaries of state and the treasury, respectively, under President George Washington. Answer: True Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 73. Alexander Hamilton wanted state debts to be assumed by the federal government so that the entire debt could be paid off at once. Answer: False Page: 169-170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 74. Hamilton favored both a tariff on imports and a federal excise tax. Answer: True Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 75. Hamilton favored a government that would benefit the entrenched aristocracy but not speculators. Answer: False Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 76. Once enacted, Hamilton’s program failed to bring about many of the effects he had intended and quickly lost the support of the most influential segments of the population. Answer: False Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 77. Hamilton’s economic program had the general support of both manufacturing interests and small farmers. Answer: False Page: 170 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 78. The new Constitution made no reference to political parties. Answer: True Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 79. The “Republicans” of the 1790s were institutionally related to the Republican Party of the 1850s. Answer: False Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 80. The Federalists were most powerful in the commercial centers of the Northeast. Answer: True Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 81. Jefferson favored an agrarian America, but he did not oppose industrial activity. Answer: True Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 82. The Constitution did little to resolve the place of Indian nations within the new United States. Answer: True Page: 172-173 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 83. Not until 1789—after the Constitution was ratified and the president and congress seated—did Great Britain send a minister to the United States. Answer: False Page: 173 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 84. During the framing of the Constitution, there was general agreement among the founders that organized political parties should be avoided in the new republic. Answer: True Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 85. The Federalists fell victim to fierce factional rivalries after Washington’s retirement. Answer: True Page: 175 Topic: Federalists in Decline 86. Until the Twelfth Amendment was adopted, the Constitution provided for the candidate receiving the second highest number of electoral votes to become vice president. Answer: True Page: 175 Topic: Federalists in Decline 87. The “XYZ Affair” involved the United States and England. Answer: False Page: 176 Topic: Federalists in Decline 88. The “XYZ Affair” took place during the administration of President John Adams. Answer: True Page: 176 Topic: Federalists in Decline 89. President Adams was an enthusiastic supporter of the Alien and Sedition Acts. Answer: False Page: 176 Topic: Federalists in Decline 90. Some Republicans were so upset by the Alien and Sedition Acts that they concluded that the states had the power to nullify acts of Congress. Answer: True Page: 177 Topic: Federalists in Decline 91. The election of 1800 was decided in the House of Representatives. Answer: True Page: 178 Topic: Federalists in Decline 92. The Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed by a lame duck Federalist Congress. Answer: True Page: 178 Topic: Federalists in Decline Fill-in-the-Blank Questions 93. Edmund Randolph and James Madison wanted to strengthen the federal government with their proposed ________ Plan. Answer: Virginia Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 94. At the Philadelphia convention, the small-state plan was called the ________ Plan. Answer: New Jersey Page: 162 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 95. The so-called Great Compromise settled the difficult problem of ________ at the Philadelphia convention. Answer: representation Page: 163-164 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 96. James Madison decided that sovereignty ultimately resided with ________. Answer: the people Page: 165 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 97. The Constitution’s most distinctive feature was its ________. Answer: separation of powers Page: 166 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 98. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay were the authors of ________. Answer: The Federalist Papers Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 99. The Antifederalists’ biggest complaint was that the new Constitution did not have a(n) ________. Answer: Bill of Rights Page: 167 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 100. On September 25, 1789, Congress approved twelve amendments, ________ of which came to comprise what we know as the Bill of Rights. Answer: ten Page: 168 Topic: The Constitution of 1787 101. The opponents of Hamilton and his economic plans called themselves ________. Answer: Republicans Page: 169 Topic: Hamilton’s Financial Program 102. The institutionalized political factionalism of the 1790s is known as the “________.” Answer: first party system Page: 171 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 103. Thomas Jefferson promoted a vision of a(n) ________ republic. Answer: agrarian Page: 172 Topic: Federalists and Republicans 104. At Hamilton’s urging, President Washington dispatched an army to put down the ________. Answer: Whiskey Rebellion Page: 172 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 105. The United States and England negotiated a commercial treaty in 1794 called ________. Answer: Jay’s Treaty Page: 174 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 106. Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 gave the United States the right to deposit goods at ________. Answer: New Orleans Page: 174 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 107. During the late 1790s, the United States fought something called a “quasi war” with ________. Answer: France Page: 175-176 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 108. Madison and Jefferson responded to the Alien and Sedition Acts by drafting the ________ Resolutions. Answer: Virginia and Kentucky Page: 177 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 109. After the election of 1800, the ________ branch of government was the only branch controlled by the Federalists. Answer: judicial Page: 178 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad 110. Jefferson referred to his election as the “________ of 1800.” Answer: Revolution Page: 178 Topic: Evolving National Sovereignty at Home and Abroad Essay Questions 111. Explain how the structure of the central government, as defined under the Articles of Confederation, was intended to resolve many of the grievances colonists had with the British government prior to the Revolution. Topic: The Constitution of 1787 112. What were the primary reasons the Articles of Confederation failed as a structure of government? Topic: The Constitution of 1787 113. A number of major compromises were made at the Philadelphia convention. Discuss three of them in detail. Topic: The Constitution of 1787 114. Why was there such opposition to the proposed Constitution of 1787? Topic: The Con