WEEK 2: PHARMA Prof:
Drug Therapy Across Lifespan Basic Considerations (Pediatric) and (Adults)
Peds vital organs are immature - metabolism is different than adult
Neonate = birth and 1 month
Infant = 1 and 12 months
Child = 1 and 12 years
Absorption
● 1-2yrs less acidic ph
● F-p elimination is reduced d/t liver immaturity
● reduced bile salt - decreased bioavailability
● IM absorption is faster and irregular - causing a risk for dehydration
● Immature bbb?? More sedating effect as more drug enters the brain
What are the factors Affecting Ped Dosage
● Skin is thin and permeable
● Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria
● Lungs have weaker mucus barriers
● Body temp are less well regulated, and dehydration is occurs easily
● Liver and kidneys are immature, impairing drug metabolism and excretion
Strategies to decrease Polypharmacy?
● Communication/ or have a GP
● 1 Pharmacy = customized blister packs
Drug Therapy in Pregnant
What occurs during FIRST TRIMESTER?
● (1) fetus development (2) organ changed
Why is the FIRST TRIMESTER generally the greatest dangerous stage for pregnancy?
● Because of drug-induced development defects
Drugs cross the placenta primarily by?
● Diffusion
What are the factors that affect safety during pregnancy?
● Drug properties
● fetal gestational age
● Maternal factors - any changes in mother's physiology = can affect the amount of drug to which the fetus
may be exposed
Why is in the Last Trimester, drug transfer more likely to occur?
● Enhance blood flow to the fetus
● Increased fetal surface
● An increased amount of free drug in the mother’s circulation
Define the Pregnancy Safety Consideration
What is category A?
● No harm to the human fetus
What is category B?
● No risk to animals, info invalid in human
What is category C?
● Adverse effects reported in animals, not avail info in humans, but potential benefits may warrant the use of
drugs by pregnant women
Drug Therapy Across Lifespan Basic Considerations (Pediatric) and (Adults)
Peds vital organs are immature - metabolism is different than adult
Neonate = birth and 1 month
Infant = 1 and 12 months
Child = 1 and 12 years
Absorption
● 1-2yrs less acidic ph
● F-p elimination is reduced d/t liver immaturity
● reduced bile salt - decreased bioavailability
● IM absorption is faster and irregular - causing a risk for dehydration
● Immature bbb?? More sedating effect as more drug enters the brain
What are the factors Affecting Ped Dosage
● Skin is thin and permeable
● Stomach lacks acid to kill bacteria
● Lungs have weaker mucus barriers
● Body temp are less well regulated, and dehydration is occurs easily
● Liver and kidneys are immature, impairing drug metabolism and excretion
Strategies to decrease Polypharmacy?
● Communication/ or have a GP
● 1 Pharmacy = customized blister packs
Drug Therapy in Pregnant
What occurs during FIRST TRIMESTER?
● (1) fetus development (2) organ changed
Why is the FIRST TRIMESTER generally the greatest dangerous stage for pregnancy?
● Because of drug-induced development defects
Drugs cross the placenta primarily by?
● Diffusion
What are the factors that affect safety during pregnancy?
● Drug properties
● fetal gestational age
● Maternal factors - any changes in mother's physiology = can affect the amount of drug to which the fetus
may be exposed
Why is in the Last Trimester, drug transfer more likely to occur?
● Enhance blood flow to the fetus
● Increased fetal surface
● An increased amount of free drug in the mother’s circulation
Define the Pregnancy Safety Consideration
What is category A?
● No harm to the human fetus
What is category B?
● No risk to animals, info invalid in human
What is category C?
● Adverse effects reported in animals, not avail info in humans, but potential benefits may warrant the use of
drugs by pregnant women
