Anatomy & Physiology 8th Edition by Kevin T. Patton, Gary A. Thibodeau - Test Bank

Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition Chapter 11-B: Anatomy of the Muscular System Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight. a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75% ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Anatomy of the Muscular System Introduction 2. The connective tissue sheath that envelops bundles of muscle fibers is the: a. epimysium. b. endomysium. c. periosteum. d. perimysium. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 3. The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: a. epimysium. b. endomysium. c. periosteum. d. perimysium. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 4. Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: a. endomysium. b. perimysium. c. epimysium. d. aponeurosis. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 5. An aponeurosis could be described as a: a. flat sheet of connective tissue connecting muscle to other structures. b. sheath that surrounds tendons. c. deep fascia that covers muscles. d. junction between a neuron and a muscle. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 6. Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called: a. synergists. b. fixators. c. antagonists. d. both A and B. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions 7. Which of the following is not a component of a lever system? a. Fixator b. Bone c. Joint d. Pull ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 306 TOP: Lever Systems 8. The type of lever arrangement in which the pull is exerted between the fulcrum and resistance or weight to be moved is a _____-class level. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 307 TOP: Third-Class Levers 9. Muscles may be named according to: a. function. b. direction of fibers. c. points of attachment. d. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 308|Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 10. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its a. function. b. number of attachments. c. size. d. points of attachment. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 11. A muscle that assists with mastication is the: a. orbicularis oris. b. buccinator. c. platysma. d. masseter. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 313 TOP: Muscles of Mastication 12. The muscle that draws the eyebrows together, producing vertical wrinkles above the nose (frowning), is called the: a. epicranius. b. corrugator supercilii. c. orbicularis oculi. d. orbicularis oris. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 313 TOP: Muscles of Facial Expression 13. Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? a. Rectus abdominis b. External oblique c. Transverse abdominis d. Internal intercostals ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 316 TOP: Trunk Muscles 14. Which of the following muscle(s) function(s) to protect the abdominal viscera? a. External oblique b. Internal oblique c. Transversus abdominis d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 315|Page 317 TOP: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall 15. Which muscle(s) form(s) most of the pelvic floor? a. Levator ani b. Coccygeus c. Ischiocavernosus d. Both A and B ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 320 TOP: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor 16. Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm? a. Pectoralis major b. Latissimus dorsi c. Deltoid d. Trapezius ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 327 (Table 11-15) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 17. All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: a. deltoid. b. infraspinatus. c. supraspinatus. d. teres minor. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 325 TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 18. The teres major and teres minor muscles move the: a. forearm. b. arm. c. shoulder. d. wrist. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 324 (Table 11-14) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 19. The muscle that allows the thumb to be drawn across the palm to touch the tip of any finger is the: a. extensor digitorum. b. opponens pollicis. c. palmaris longus. d. flexor carpi radialis. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 329 TOP: Muscles that Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers 20. The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: a. deltoid. b. latissimus dorsi. c. trapezius. d. pectoralis minor. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 322 (Table 11-13) TOP: Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Girdle 21. The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: a. deltoid. b. latissimus dorsi. c. trapezius. d. pectoralis minor. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 324 (Table 11-14) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 22. The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: a. biceps brachii. b. triceps brachii. c. supinator. d. brachialis. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 327 (Table 11-15) TOP: Muscles that Move the Forearm 23. The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: a. biceps brachii. b. brachialis. c. brachioradialis. d. triceps brachii. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 327 (Table 11-15) TOP: Muscles that Move the Forearm 24. Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the: a. ulna and humerus. b. clavicle and scapula. c. humerus. d. ulna and radius. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 324 (Table 11-14) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 25. In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? a. Triceps brachii b. Biceps brachii c. Deltoid ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 324 (Table 11-14) | Page 327 (Table 11-15) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm | Muscles that Move the Forearm 26. The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is(are) the: a. teres minor. b. latissimus dorsi. c. supraspinatus. d. All of the above are correct. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 324 (Table 11-14) TOP: Muscles that Move the Arm 27. The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. a. flex b. extend c. pronate d. supinate ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 327 (Table 11-15) TOP: Muscles that Move the Forearm 28. The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: a. anterior lateral surface of the forearm. b. anterior medial surface of the forearm. c. posterior surface of the forearm. d. posterior surface of the hand. ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 329 TOP: Muscles that Move the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers 29. Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh? a. Adductor longus b. Gracilis c. Iliopsoas d. Sacrospinalis ANS: D DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 333 (Table 11-17) TOP: Muscles that Move the Thigh 30. Which of the following is not a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? a. Rectus femoris b. Biceps femoris c. Vastus medialis d. Vastus intermedius ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 333 (Table 11-17) TOP: Muscles that Move the Thigh 31. When an athlete injures a muscle of the hamstring group, the injury is on the: a. upper arm. b. posterior lower leg. c. posterior thigh. d. anterior thigh. ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 333 (Table 11-17) TOP: Muscles that Move the Thigh 32. Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? a. Sartorius b. Peroneus longus c. Tibialis anterior d. Soleus ANS: A DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 340 (Table 11-19) TOP: Muscles that Move the Ankle and Foot 33. Muscles located on the lower leg move the: a. thigh. b. hip. c. knee. d. foot. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 340 TOP: Muscles that Move the Ankle and Foot 34. Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture? a. Digestive b. Endocrine c. Excretory d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 342 TOP: How Posture Is Maintained 35. Purposeful movement is determined by: a. the relationship of muscles to joints. b. how muscles are attached to the skeleton. c. the manner in which muscles are grouped. d. all of the above. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Introduction 36. Which fibrous connective tissue structures have a lining of synovial membrane? a. Tendon sheaths b. Aponeuroses c. Fascicles d. Both B and C ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 37. A muscle is attached to the femur and the tibia. When the muscle contracts, the knee bends. That would mean that the: a. tibia attachment is the origin. b. femur attachment is the insertion. c. tibia attachment is the insertion. d. Both A and B are correct. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 305 TOP: Attachment of Muscles 38. A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the: a. antagonist. b. prime mover. c. fixator. d. synergist. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 305 TOP: Muscle Actions 39. The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true? a. The knee is acting as a fulcrum. b. The movement is an example of a first-class lever. c. The movement is an example of a second-class lever. d. Both A and C are true. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 306 TOP: Lever Systems 40. The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? a. Extensor b. Abductor c. Flexor d. Adductor ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 308|Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 41. The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? a. Rectus b. Oblique c. Femoris d. Both A and C ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 308|Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 42. Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? a. Trapezius b. Pectoralis minor c. Levator scapulae d. Rhomboideus ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 322 TOP: Muscles Acting on the Shoulder Girdle 43. There are more than ____ skeletal muscles in the body. a. 1200 b. 900 c. 600 d. 1000 ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Introduction 44. Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n): a. muscle fiber. b. fascicle. c. aponeurosis. d. fascia. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 45. The rectus abdominal muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. a. convergent b. parallel c. fusiform d. pennate ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 46. The brachioradialis muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. a. convergent b. parallel c. fusiform d. pennate ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 47. The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. a. convergent b. parallel c. fusiform d. pennate ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 48. The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. a. convergent b. parallel c. fusiform d. pennate ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 49. Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle. a. spiral b. circular c. fusiform d. convergent ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 50. The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class level. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 307 TOP: Lever Systems 51. Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be: a. epimysium, perimysium, endomysium. b. endomysium, perimysium, epimysium. c. perimysium, epimysium, endomysium. d. perimysium, endomysium, epimysium. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 52. The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. a. bipennate b. convergent c. spiral d. fusiform ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 53. Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles a. Bipennate b. Tripennate c. Multipennate d. All of the above are groups of pennate muscles. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 54. Which of the following statements is incorrect? a. The origin of the muscle is attached to the bone that does not move. b. The insertion of the muscle is attached to the bone that moves. c. When the muscle contracts, the insertion moves toward the origin. d. All of the above are correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 305 TOP: Attachment of Muscles 55. The prime mover can also be called the: a. antagonist. b. agonist. c. fixator. d. synergist. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions 56. Which of the following statements about the muscles of the head is incorrect? a. They are paired muscles. b. They have different actions depending on whether one or both of the pair contract. c. The splenius capitis muscle is sometimes called the prayer muscle because it causes the head to bow. d. All of the above statements are correct. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 314 TOP: Muscles of the Head 57. Which of the following statements about the muscles of the thorax is incorrect? a. When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. b. The muscles of the thorax assist in respiration. c. The internal and external intercostal muscles have opposite effects on the ribs. d. All of the above statements are correct. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 315 TOP: Muscles of the Thorax MATCHING The following features are used in the naming of muscles. Match each feature with the muscles named by that feature. a. Location b. Function c. Shape d. Direction of fibers e. Number of heads or divisions f. Points of attachment 1. triceps 2. rectus 3. adductors 4. brachialis 5. deltoid 6. sternocleidomastoid 1. ANS: E DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 2. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 3. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 4. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 308 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 5. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named 6. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named Match each muscle with the corresponding description of its action. a. Buccinator b. Corrugator supercilii c. Epicranius d. Orbicularis oculi e. Pterygoid f. Sternocleidomastoid 7. draw(s) the eyebrows together, producing vertical wrinkles (frowning) 8. causes sideways movement during mastication 9. creates smile expression 10. raise(s) the eyebrows (surprise) 11. flex(es) the head (prayer muscle) 12. close(s) the eye 7. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 313 TOP: Muscles of Facial Expression 8. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 313 TOP: Muscles of Mastication 9. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 312 (Table 11-7) TOP: Muscles of Facial Expression 10. ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 312 (Table 11-7) TOP: Muscles of Facial Expression 11. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 314 TOP: Muscles that Move the Head 12. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 313 TOP: Muscles of Facial Expression Match each term with its corresponding description. a. Antagonists b. Fixators c. Prime movers d. Synergists 13. muscles that directly oppose prime movers 14. muscles that play the major role in accomplishing a particular movement 15. muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover, producing a more effective movement 16. muscles that help maintain posture or balance during contraction of muscles acting on joints in the arms and legs 13. ANS: A DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions 14. ANS: C DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 305 TOP: Muscle Actions 15. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions 16. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions Match each body location with its corresponding muscle. a. Neck b. Back c. Chest d. Abdominal wall e. Shoulder f. Arm g. Forearm h. Buttocks i. Thigh j. Leg 17. gluteus maximus 18. biceps brachii 19. trapezius 20. pectoralis major 21. adductor magnus 22. pronator teres 23. external oblique 24. deltoid 25. sternocleidomastoid 26. gastrocnemius 17. ANS: H DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 18. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 19. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 20. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 21. ANS: I DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 22. ANS: G DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 23. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 24. ANS: E DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 25. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named 26. ANS: J DIF: Application REF: Page 309 (Table 11-2) TOP: How Muscles Are Named Match each term with its corresponding description. a. Endomysium b. Tendon c. Epimysium d. Aponeurosis e. Fascia f. Perimysium g. Tendon sheath h. Fascicles 27. tube-shaped structure of fibrous connective tissue 28. delicate connective tissue that covers muscle cells 29. connective tissue that bonds fascicles together 30. tough connective tissue cord connecting muscle to the periosteum of a bone 31. below the skin, it is called “superficial”; surrounding the muscle, it is called “deep” 32. broad, flat sheet of tendon-like connective tissue 33. coarse connective tissue that covers the entire muscle 34. groups of skeletal muscle fibers 27. ANS: G DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 28. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 29. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 30. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 31. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 32. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 33. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 34. ANS: H DIF: Memorization REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components SHORT ANSWER 1. Differentiate among the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 302 TOP: Connective Tissue Components 2. Define the terms insertion and origin, in relation to muscle movement. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 305 TOP: Attachment of Muscles 3. What is the “optimum angle of pull”? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 307 (Box 11-1) TOP: Assessing Muscle Strength 4. Name and describe three of the six muscle shapes discussed in this chapter. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 304 TOP: Size, Shape, and Fiber Arrangement 5. What is tenosynovitis and how is it caused? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 331 (Box 11-3) TOP: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 6. Explain how muscles and the movement of the body help maintain stability or homeostasis. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 302 TOP: Introduction 7. Explain how, during sleep, the muscles of the throat relax and can allow the muscles to partially close the airway, causing sleep apnea. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 341|Page 342 TOP: How Posture Is Maintained 8. Name and explain the three types of levers. Which type is the most common in the body? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 306|Page 307 TOP: Lever Systems 9. Explain the way in which you could deduce the action of a muscle. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 311 TOP: Hints on How to Deduce Muscle Actions 10. Describe or explain the following terms describing muscle action: prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 305|Page 306 TOP: Muscle Actions 11. Name four features that are used in the naming of muscles. Give an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 308|Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named ESSAY 1. A nurse is preparing an injection for Amy. The amount of medication to be injected is 2 ml. What area of Amy’s body will the nurse most likely select for this injection and why? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 337 (Box 11-4) TOP: Intramuscular Injections 2. Imagine that a new, unnamed muscle has been discovered. It inserts into the posterior aspect of the tibia and originates from two points in the center of the femur. Its fibers run parallel to the femur. Give a name to the muscle, and explain its function. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 308|Page 309 TOP: How Muscles Are Named Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition Chapter 06: Tissues Test Bank TRUE/FALSE 1. Matrix may be defined as the living intracellular material surrounding the cells of a tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Introduction to Tissues 2. The study of how the primary germ layers differentiate into the different kinds of tissues is called histogenesis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 3. Epithelial tissue attaches to connective tissue by means of a basement membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 4. Epithelial tissue is moderately vascular, which results in very little blood loss when cuts occur. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 5. Epithelial tissue is characterized by large amounts of intercellular matrix and few cells. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 6. Transitional epithelium is unique in that it is composed of differing cell shapes in a stratified, or layered, epithelial sheet. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139|Page 141 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 7. Stratified columnar epithelium is the most common type of epithelium and is found in many areas throughout the body. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 139|Page 141 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 8. Stratified transitional epithelium, such as is found in the urinary bladder, allows for distention. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 139|Page 141 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 9. Compound exocrine glands have one duct and secrete two or more products. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 10. Mammary glands are endocrine glands that produce milk. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 11. Salivary glands are an example of ductless exocrine glands. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 12. Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as holocrine glands. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 13. Loose connective tissue is also called areolar tissue. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145 TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue 14. Bone-destroying cells are called osteoblasts. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 15. Elastic cartilage is the most prevalent type of cartilage. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 151 TOP: Cartilage 16. Mucous membranes are important because they lubricate and protect passageways. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 157 TOP: Mucous Membranes 17. Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 18. Adipose tissue contains predominantly fat cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Adipose Tissue 19. Areolar tissue forms protective pads around the kidneys and other organs. ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 147 TOP: Adipose Tissue 20. The osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 21. Osteoblasts are specialized cells that build bone tissue. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 22. About 40% of the bone matrix is made of inorganic material. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149 TOP: Bone Tissue 23. Striated muscle tissue can be controlled both voluntarily and involuntarily. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 153 TOP: Muscle Tissue 24. Skeletal muscle tissue is striated and voluntary. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 153 TOP: Muscle Tissue 25. Skeletal muscle cells are referred to as muscle fibers and are characterized by a high degree of contractility. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 154 TOP: Muscle Tissue 26. Basic characteristics of the nervous system are excitation and conduction. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 27. The primary germ layers that are formed in the embryo are epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 28. All the cells that make up tissues are held together by intracellular structures called desmosomes. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 29. In some tissues, the cells are held together by desmosomes and in other tissues they are held together by nonliving matrix. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 30. Cells in the embryo begin the process of cell differentiation. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 31. Epithelial tissue performs different functions based on the different types of matrix that make up the tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 32. Epithelial tissue produces the glycoprotein part of the basement membrane. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135|Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 33. Connective tissue makes up the glycoprotein part of the basement membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135|Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 34. Adhesive molecules called integrins help bind epithelial cells to the basement membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 35. Because connective tissue is avascular, food and oxygen must pass through the basement membrane to reach the blood vessels in the epithelial tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 36. Epithelial tissue can be classified by the shape of the cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape 37. Epithelial tissue can be classified by the number of layers the tissue has. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 38. The upper layer of stratified cuboidal epithelium can be keratinized for protection of the tissue below them. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Stratified Epithelium 39. When transitional epithelium stretches, the cell shape changes from cuboidal to squamous in appearance. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139|Page 141 TOP: Stratified Epithelium 40. Hormones are released into ducts by exocrine glands. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 41. Hormones are released into the blood by endocrine glands. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 42. Endocrine glands can be classified by the shape and complexity of their ducts. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 43. Apocrine gland cells die as a result of their functioning. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 44. Both collagenous fibers and reticular fibers are made of collagen. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue 45. Elastic fibers are made of the protein elastin. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue 46. Proteoglycans are composed of glucosamine bound to a polysaccharide core. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144 TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue 47. Connective tissue can be classified based on the type of matrix it contains. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 48. Hyaluronidase assists in the absorption of injected drugs. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 145 TOP: Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue 49. Tendons have more elastic fibers than do ligaments. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149 TOP: Dense Fibrous Tissue 50. Canaliculi allow osteocytes to stay alive within the bone tissue. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 51. Osteocytes were once osteoclasts that became trapped in the hardening bone tissue. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 52. Osteoclasts are bone-destroying cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 53. The lack of blood vessels in cartilage tissue hinders its ability to heal. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151 TOP: Cartilage 54. The matrix for blood tissue is plasma. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 TOP: Blood 55. Because of the stripes visible under the microscope, smooth muscle is called striated muscle. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152|Page 153 TOP: Muscle Tissue 56. When epithelial tissue is badly injured, a thick scar, or keloid, may develop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair 57. Many of the sugars attached to the protein backbone of a proteoglycan molecule are fibronectin. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 58. Connective tissue tends to have large quantities of extracellular matrix. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 59. The most numerous type of cell found in areolar tissue is the macrophage. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue 60. Both neurons and neuroglia are found in nervous tissue. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 61. The serous membrane covering the lungs is the visceral pleura. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Epithelial Membranes 62. A malignant tumor that arises from epithelial tissue is generally called a sarcoma. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 159 TOP: Neoplasms 63. A type of abnormal gene that seems to cause cancer is called an oncogene. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 159 TOP: Neoplasms 64. A group of cells that performs a common function is called tissue. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Introduction 65. Epithelial tissue can be subdivided into two types: squamous and columnar. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Types and Location of Epithelial Tissue 66. Simple cuboidal epithelium is one cell layer thick; stratified cuboidal epithelium is more than one layer thick. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page 157 (Table 6-8) TOP: Membranes of the Body 67. The type of tissue that lines the vagina, mouth, and esophagus is called keratinized squamous epithelium. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 139 TOP: Stratified Epithelium 68. The concentric layers of bone matrix are called lacunae. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Compact Bone Tissue 69. In the process of endochondral ossification, the bone that is formed replaces cartilage. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 70. An example of a cutaneous membrane is the skin. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Cutaneous Membranes 71. Connective tissue membranes are made up of two kinds of tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 157 TOP: Connective Tissue Membranes 72. Astrocytes form the blood-brain barrier that helps protect the brain from harmful substances. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 73. Oligodendrocytes help destroy damaged tissue and pathogens in the brain. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 74. Fibers in the extracellular matrix can include collagen and elastin. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 75. Both fibronectin and laminin are examples of glycoproteins. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 76. Important functions of connective tissue include protection, secretion, and absorption. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Functions of Epithelial Tissue 77. Epithelial tissue is generally able to renew itself throughout life. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 177 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 78. Because stratified squamous epithelium is found in the urinary system, it is sometimes called urothelium. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 TOP: Transitional Epithelium 79. The term squamous comes from the Latin word meaning scaly, which describes the flat, plate-like cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape 80. Pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue is only two layers thick. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape 81. Stratified epithelial tissue is named for the shape of the cell on only the top layer. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 82. Because of their function, some histologists classify endothelium and mesothelium as connective tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Squamous Epithelium 83. Only merocrine glands release their secretions with no harm to the cell or plasma membrane. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 84. Connective tissue is the most widespread and diverse tissue in the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Connective Tissue 85. Blood, bone, and cartilage are the only types of connective tissue that do not contain fibers in their structure. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 86. Fibroblasts in loose fibrous connective tissue are able to release substances such as histamine and heparin. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue 87. The most abundant fat in the body is brown fat, which is able to generate heat and help maintain body temperature. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 147 TOP: Adipose Tissue 88. Bone marrow is a type of reticular tissue. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148 TOP: Reticular Tissue 89. Another term for cancellous bone is spongy bone. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Cancellous (Spongy) Bone Tissue 90. The external ear and larynx is made of fibrocartilage tissue. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151 TOP: Elastic Cartilage Tissue 91. Hematopoietic tissue is responsible for making blood cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 TOP: Blood Tissue 92. Smooth muscle fibers tend to be longer, but weaker, than striated muscle fibers. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 153|Page 154 TOP: Muscle Tissue 93. In a neuron, axons carry impulses toward the cell body and dendrites carry impulses away from the cell body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 94. Epithelial and muscle tissue have the greatest ability to regenerate. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair 95. Serous membranes have an underlying connective tissue layer called the lamina propria. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Mucous Membranes MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The biology of tissues is called: a. anatomy. b. physiology. c. histology. d. cytology. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Introduction to Tissues 2. The most widespread and abundant tissue in the body is: a. epithelial. b. connective. c. muscle. d. nervous. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Connective Tissue 3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelial tissue? a. Forms glands that secrete substance into and out of the body b. Is important in communication and control c. Covers and protects body surfaces d. Lines the interior of body cavities ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 4. Which of the following is not a characteristic of muscle tissue? a. Cells are specialized to contract b. Produces movement for the body c. Generates heat for the body d. Cells are separated by large quantity of extracellular matrix ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 5. Which of the following is not a primary germ layer in the embryo? a. Hypoderm b. Ectoderm c. Mesoderm d. Endoderm ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 6. A tissue is: a. a membrane that lines body cavities. b. a group of similar cells that perform a common function. c. a thin sheet of cells embedded in a matrix. d. the most complex organizational unit of the body. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Introduction to Tissues 7. Blood is a member of which basic tissue type? a. Epithelial b. Connective c. Muscle d. Nervous ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Connective Tissue 8. How can epithelial tissue be described? a. Forms glands b. Contains mostly extracellular matrix c. Forms membranes d. Both A and C ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Epithelial Tissue 9. Which of the following epithelial functions is a primary activity of glandular epithelium? a. Protection b. Secretion c. Sensation d. Excretion ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 135 TOP: Epithelial Tissue 10. What structure is formed by the union of the basal and reticular lamina? a. Nucleus b. Basement membrane c. Lysosome d. Endoplasmic reticulum ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 11. Which is not a function of epithelial tissue? a. Absorption b. Secretion c. Assimilation d. Protection ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 135 TOP: Epithelial Tissue 12. Epithelial cells can be classified according to shape. Which is not a characteristic shape of epithelial cells? a. Rectangular b. Cubed c. Columns d. Flat ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification Based on Cell Shape 13. Being able to readily diffuse material through itself , such as occurs in alveoli, is a characteristic of which type of epithelial tissue? a. Stratified columnar b. Simple columnar c. Stratified squamous d. Simple squamous ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 14. Goblet cells, cilia, and microvilli are modifications of which type of epithelial tissue? a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified squamous ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 15. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is found in the: a. mouth. b. esophagus. c. epidermis. d. vagina. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 16. Glands that have no ducts, but release their products directly into tissue fluid and blood, are called: a. endocrine. b. exocrine. c. holocrine. d. apocrine. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 17. Oil-producing glands that self-destruct in order to function are referred to as: a. merocrine. b. apocrine. c. endocrine. d. holocrine. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands 18. How many layers make up pseudostratified epithelium? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Numerous ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 19. Which of the following would be identified as skin covering? a. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium b. Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium c. Pseudostratified squamous (keratinized) epithelium d. Stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 20. Which of the following exocrine glands constitutes the mammary glands? a. Merocrine b. Apocrine c. Holocrine d. All of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands 21. Which of the following is the functional classification of salivary glands? a. Merocrine b. Endocrine c. Apocrine d. Holocrine ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands 22. Which is not a function of connective tissue? a. Transport b. Support c. Defense d. Communication ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Functions of Connective Tissue 23. Which of the following can be found in the extracellular matrix? a. Water b. Proteoglycans c. Fibers d. All of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 134 TOP: Extracellular Matrix 24. Collagenous fibers can be found extensively in _____ tissue. a. epithelial b. connective c. muscle d. nervous ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue 25. The type of tissue referred to as loose ordinary connective tissue is: a. areolar. b. adipose. c. reticular. d. cartilage. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 143 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 26. Which is not characteristic of reticular tissue? a. It is a major component of the body’s defense process. b. It is found in bone marrow. c. It makes reticular fibers. d. All of the above are characteristics of reticular tissue. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 148 TOP: Reticular Tissue 27. The basic organizational or structural unit of bone is called the: a. canaliculi. b. lamellae. c. lacunae. d. haversian system. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Bone Tissue 28. Cartilage is a form of _____ tissue. a. epithelial b. connective c. muscle d. osseous ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 29. Which of the following is not a function of adipose tissue? a. Insulates to conserve body heat b. Defends the body from microbes and injurious substances c. Supports and protects the kidneys d. Stores excess food ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 147 TOP: Adipose Tissue 30. The mature cells of bone are called: a. fibroblasts. b. osteoclasts. c. osteocytes. d. osteoblasts. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149 TOP: Bone Tissue 31. The most prevalent type of cartilage is: a. hyaline. b. fibrous. c. elastic. d. synovial. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151 TOP: Cartilage 32. Which of the following is not considered a formed element in the blood? a. Erythrocyte b. Thrombocyte c. Astrocyte d. Leukocyte ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 TOP: Blood 33. The type of tissue that contains cells called neurons is called: a. muscle. b. epithelial. c. connective. d. nervous. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 34. Which of the following is another name for skeletal muscle? a. Striated voluntary b. Nonstriated involuntary c. Striated involuntary d. Pseudostriated involuntary ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 (Table 6-7) TOP: Muscle Tissue 35. The peritoneum is an example of a _____ membrane. a. cutaneous b. serous c. mucous d. cuboidal ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Epithelial Membranes 36. Connective tissue membranes differ from cutaneous and serous membranes in that they: a. contain fewer layers of cells. b. do not contain epithelial components. c. are not smooth and slick. d. do not secrete fluids. ANS: B DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 156|Page 157 TOP: Epithelial Membranes 37. Which of the following is not a characteristic of connective tissue? a. Typically holds its cells together tightly by means of desmosomes b. Protects the body from foreign invaders c. Supports the body d. Transports substances throughout the body ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 38. The most complex tissue in the body is: a. connective. b. epithelial. c. nervous. d. muscle. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 39. Basement membrane is composed of molecules made by _____ tissue. a. muscle b. connective c. epithelial d. Both B and C are correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135|Page 136 TOP: Generalizations about Epithelial Tissue 40. Which of the following is not true of simple squamous epithelium? a. It is one layer thick. b. It prevents the diffusion of material from one part of the body to another. c. It is composed of flat, scalelike cells. d. All of the above are true of simple squamous epithelium. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 41. Which of the following is not true of simple cuboidal epithelium? a. It is one layer thick. b. It is composed of cuboidal-shaped cells. c. It is found in ducts or tubules of the kidney. d. All of the above are true of simple cuboidal epithelium. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 42. Microvilli are found on which types of cells lining of the intestine? a. Pseudostratified epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified cuboidal epithelium d. Simple cuboidal epithelium ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 43. Cilia are found on which type of cells in the lining of the respiratory tract? a. Pseudostratified epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified cuboidal epithelium d. Simple cuboidal epithelium ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 44. Glandular epithelium is usually composed of _____ epithelium. a. stratified cuboidal b. stratified columnar c. pseudostratified columnar d. None of the above is correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 45. The functioning of which of the following glandular tissues does not injure the cell or cause a loss of cytoplasm? a. Apocrine b. Endocrine c. Merocrine d. Holocrine ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 46. Areolar tissue usually contains which type of cell in the greatest number? a. Macrophages b. Fibroblasts c. Mast cells d. Phagocytes ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Fibrous Connective Tissue 47. Reticular tissue does not form the framework for which of the following? a. Kidney b. Spleen c. Lymph nodes d. All of the above are composed of reticular tissue. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148 TOP: Reticular Tissue 48. Cells found only in cartilage include: a. chondrocytes and fibroblasts. b. chondrocytes and macrophages. c. chondrocytes and mast cells. d. only chondrocytes. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 151 TOP: Cartilage 49. Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscles? a. Having one nucleus per cell b. Being attached to bone c. Having striations d. Having voluntary or “willed” muscles ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 153|Page 154 TOP: Muscle Tissue 50. Which of the following is not a characteristic of smooth muscles? a. Having one nucleus per cell b. Having intercalated disks c. Composing the walls of the viscera d. Usually not being under voluntary control ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 153|Page 154 TOP: Muscle Tissue 51. The serous membrane covering the stomach is called the: a. visceral pleura. b. visceral peritoneum. c. parietal pleura. d. parietal peritoneum. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 156 TOP: Serous Membranes 52. Which of the following is not a proteoglycan found in the matrix of connective tissue? a. Glucosamine b. Collagen c. Hyaluronic acid d. All of the above are proteoglycans. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Characteristics of Connective Tissue 53. Microvilli assist epithelial tissue in: a. protecting the underlying tissue. b. releasing substances from glands. c. absorbing nutrients. d. all of the above functions. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 54. Another term for a ductless gland is an _____ gland. a. exocrine b. endocrine c. alveolar d. Both A and C are correct. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 55. The type of cell found in connective tissue that releases histamine is a(n): a. fibroblast. b. macrophage. c. mast cell. d. areolar cell. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Loose Connective Tissue 56. Cancellous tissue is an example of which type of connective tissue? a. Cartilage b. Bone c. Dense connective d. Loose connective ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Cancellous (Spongy) Bone Tissue 57. An axon is an important part of which kind of tissue? a. Nervous b. Smooth muscle c. Cardiac muscle d. Glandular epithelium ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 58. The membrane lining the wall of the thoracic cavity is the: a. visceral pleura. b. parietal pleura. c. visceral peritoneum. d. parietal peritoneum. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Epithelial Membranes 59. The membrane lining the wall of the abdominal cavity is the: a. visceral pleura. b. parietal pleura. c. visceral peritoneum. d. parietal peritoneum. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Epithelial Membranes 60. Connective tissue forms from stem cell tissue called: a. mesenchyme. b. blastocyst. c. endoderm. d. ectoderm. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 143 TOP: Connective Tissue 61. Which of the following is not a class of cartilage tissue? a. Hyaline b. Fibrocartilage c. Cancellous d. Elastic ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 144 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 62. Fat cells would most likely be found in _____ tissue. a. reticular b. adipose c. irregular dense fibrous d. None of the above is correct. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Adipose Tissue 63. Small spaces in the bone where osteocytes are located are called: a. lacunae. b. lamellae. c. canaliculi. d. marrow. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Compact Bone Tissue 64. Hematopoietic tissue can be found in the: a. heart. b. lungs. c. bones. d. intestines. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 TOP: Blood Tissue 65. Which cells form the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from harmful substances in the blood? a. Oligodendrocytes b. Neurons c. Astrocytes d. Microglia ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 66. Which cells electrically insulate axons to increase the speed of conduction? a. Oligodendrocytes b. Schwann cells c. Astrocytes d. Both A and B ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 67. Which cells help destroy pathogens and damaged tissue in the brain? a. Oligodendrocytes b. Schwann cells c. Astrocytes d. Microglia ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 68. Which type of connective tissue helps newborns maintain body temperature by producing heat? a. Dense fibrous tissue b. Reticular tissue c. Brown fat d. White fat ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 146 TOP: Adipose Tissue 69. Dense irregular fibrous tissue is not found in which of the following structures? a. Walls of arteries b. Capsule surrounding the spleen c. Fascia surrounding muscles d. All of the above contain dense irregular fibrous tissue. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148|Page 149 TOP: Dense Fibrous Tissue 70. Dense regular fibrous tissue is not found in which of the following structures? a. Tendons b. Dermis of the skin c. Ligaments d. All of the above contain dense regular fibrous tissue. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 148|Page 149 TOP: Dense Fibrous Tissue 71. The cell that has the opposite function of the osteoblast is a(n): a. chondrocyte. b. osteocyte. c. osteoclast. d. fibroblast. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Compact Bone Tissue 72. Which of the following is not a characteristic of cardiac muscle? a. Cells separated by intercalated disks b. Also called nonstriated involuntary muscles c. Found in the heart d. All of the above are characteristics of cardiac muscle. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 150 TOP: Muscle Tissue 73. Which type of tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate? a. Muscle b. Nervous c. Epithelial d. All of the above tissue have about equal ability to regenerate. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair 74. Which tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar as it heals? a. Muscle b. Nervous c. Epithelial d. Connective ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair MATCHING Match each category of epithelial cells with its corresponding definition. a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal c. Simple columnar d. Pseudostratified columnar e. Stratified squamous f. Transitional 1. single layer of cube-shaped cells 2. multiple layers of cells with flat cells at the outer surface 3. single layer of cells; some are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not 4. layers of cells that appear cubelike when an organ is relaxed, and flattened when the organ is distended by fluid 5. single layer of flat, scalelike cells 6. single layer of tall, thin cells; modification may appear goblet-shaped 1. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 2. ANS: E DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 3. ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 4. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page 141 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 5. ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page 138 TOP: Classification Based on Layers of Cells 6. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium Match each term with its corresponding definition. a. Neuron b. Neuroglia c. Axon d. Soma e. Dendrite 7. the cell body of the neuron 8. supportive cells of nervous tissue 9. cell process that transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body 10. the conducting cells of the nervous system 11. cell process that carries nerve impulses toward the cell body 7. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 8. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 9. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 10. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 11. ANS: E DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue Match each type of gland to its corresponding description. a. Endocrine b. Holocrine c. Merocrine d. Apocrine 12. ductless glands that produce hormones, such as the thyroid gland 13. glands that complete their function without incurring damage to or loss of cytoplasm, such as salivary glands 14. glands that pinch off their tips to release their products, such as milk-producing mammary glands 15. glands that self-destruct to complete their function, such as glands that produce oil to lubricate the skin 12. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 141 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 13. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 14. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 15. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium Match each general tissue type with a corresponding specific tissue. a. Epithelial b. Connective c. Muscle d. Nerve 16. bone and adipose tissue 17. neurons and neuroglia 18. tissue in the heart and the biceps of the arm 19. tissue that lines the stomach and intestines 16. ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification of Connective Tissue 17. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 154 TOP: Nervous Tissue 18. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 152 TOP: Muscle Tissue 19. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page 135 TOP: Epithelial Tissue SHORT ANSWER 1. List and describe the five important functions performed by the various types of epithelial tissues. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 135 TOP: Epithelial Tissue 2. Differentiate among simple, stratified, and transitional epithelia. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 137 TOP: Classification of Epithelial Tissue 3. Describe the three functional classifications of exocrine glands. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 142 TOP: Glandular Epithelium 4. Differentiate among the three types of cartilage: hyaline, fibrous, and elastic. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 151 TOP: Cartilage 5. Why is blood considered to be the most unusual type of connective tissue? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 152 TOP: Blood 6. Give a brief description of tissue repair, including the varying capacities with which the different types of tissues can accomplish this task. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair 7. Describe the three types of muscle tissue and give a location and function of each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 152|Page 153 TOP: Muscle Tissue 8. Name and differentiate the two types of stem cells. What are some possible uses for stem cells? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 132 (Box 6-1) TOP: Stem Cells 9. Briefly describe cutaneous membranes and mucous membranes and give the location of each in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 156 TOP: Cutaneous Membranes and Mucous Membranes 10. Briefly describe serous membranes and give their location in the body. Differentiate between visceral and parietal membranes and give an example of each. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Application REF: Page 156 TOP: Serous Membranes 11. Briefly describe connective tissue membranes and give their location in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 157 TOP: Connective Tissue Membranes 12. Name and briefly describe the four principle types of tissue in the body. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Memorization REF: Page 132 TOP: Principle Types of Tissues 13. Describe the structure of bone and cartilage tissue. Explain how the difference in structure impacts the healing ability of both types of tissue. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Memorization REF: Page 149|Page 151 TOP: Bone Tissue and Cartilage Tissue ESSAY 1. Mr. Melbourne has emphysema and has been admitted to the cardiac care unit with oxygen administered per nasal cannula. Emphysema destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs, reducing the diffusion of oxygen into the blood. These tiny air sacs, alveoli, are formed by what type of tissue? What tissue type will form in place of the now damaged alveoli, and why will this impair the diffusion process? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 135|Page 154 TOP: Epithelial Tissue | Tissue Repair 2. Diana is 5 foot, 4 inches tall and weighs 125 pounds. She appears very healthy and fit, yet her doctor advised her that she is over-fat. What might be the explanation for this assessment? ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 147 (Box 6-4) TOP: Sports and Fitness 3. Explain how simple squamous epithelium and the microvilli and cilia illustrate the relationship between structure and function. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 138 TOP: Simple Epithelium 4. During a heart attack, heart muscle is damaged. Explain why, even when a person is fully “recovered,” the heart is not as good as new. ANS: Answers will vary. DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 154 TOP: Tissue Repair Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition Chapter 01-B: Organization of the Body Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following describes anatomy? a. Using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure b. Investigating human structure via dissections and other methods c. Studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli d. Examining the physiology of life ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 2. Systemic anatomy is a term that refers to: a. physiological investigation at a microscopic level. b. anatomical investigation that begins in the head and neck and concludes at the feet. c. anatomical investigation that uses an approach of studying the body by systems—groups of organs having a common function. d. anatomical investigation at the molecular level. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Anatomy and Physiology 3. Physiology can be subdivided according to the _____ studied. a. type of organism b. organizational level c. systemic function d. All of the above are correct. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Physiology 4. Physiology: a. recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things. b. investigates the body’s structure. c. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization such as cells and systems. d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts. ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page 5 TOP: Physiology 5. Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of: a. excretion. b. growth. c. responsiveness. d. secretion. ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page 6 TOP: Characteristics of Life 6. Metabolism refers to: a. the chemical basis of life. b. the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body. c. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function. d. a subdivision of physiology. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 6 TOP: Characteristics of Life 7. A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique is called a(n): a. endomorph. b. mesomorph. c. ectomorph. d. None of the above are correct. ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page 18 (Box 1-