Biology 121 | 253 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

endemic species - live in only one or a very small number of places (eg island or lake) cosmopolitan species - species that occur in most regions of the world Galapagos island - - Many endemic species - 500 spp. of vascular plants are endemic -92% of species of land birds are endemic - 26% of marine birds are endemic Biological adaptation - an anatomical structure, physiological process or behavioural trait of an organism that has evolved over a period of time by the process of natural selection such that it increases the expected long-term reproductive success of the organism Marine Iguana (spends part of time in sea) - evolved: - laterally flattened tails for swimming - powerful limbs with strong claws (hold onto rocks) - blunt noses for grazing on seaweed Blue-footed booby (adapted for diving) - - streamline shape, large tail, nostrils that close - Large webbed feet propel bird through water at high speeds - specialized salt-secreting glands manage salt intake while at sea - uropygial gland (waterproofing) Greater frigates (adapted for aerial life) - - highest ratio of wingspan/weight - tiny unwebbed feet - vestigial uropygial gland (unnecessary waterproofing)Aristotle - father of biology - metabolism - temp reg - info processing - embryonic development - inheritence