CPH Exam 24 Questions with Verified Answers ,100% CORRECT

CPH Exam 24 Questions with Verified Answers index case - CORRECT ANSWER the first patient found in an epidemiological investigation regression analysis - CORRECT ANSWER A technique used to relate an outcome or dependent variable to one or more predictor or independent variables Which of the following survey items best assesses an individual's socioeconomic status in terms of increasing validity and response rate? 1. Income in the past month 2. Highest level of education attained 3. Eligibility for public assistance 4. Perception of economic insecurity - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Perception of economic insecurity Of all the options, perception of economic insecurity (e.g., concern about food insecurity) best assesses an individual's current economic status while reducing non-response due to concern about stigma. Respondents are least likely to respond to income and public assistance questions, while educational attainment does not accurately reflect one's economic situation. Which of the following is an expected benefit of consolidating independent hospitals and provider groups into an integrated health care system? 1. Economies of scale in production 2. Lower costs of integration 3. Ease of accommodating diverse organizational cultures 4. Immediate gains in administrative efficiency - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Economies of scale in production Growth through mergers and acquisitions are typically justified on the basis of economic efficiencies achieved through enhanced economies of scale, an increase share of the relevant market by the integrated system, and greater revenues. However, the demands of implementation and maintaining a larger integrated system increase the administrative burden (and associated overhead costs). Accommodating different organizational cultures is a challenge faced by management in most corporate mergers and often is recognized as a root cause of failed mergers and acquisitions. Scores of a certain exam for a group of students were normally distributed with a mean of 100 and standard deviation 20. Based on the information provided what is the percentage of students who scored between 80 and 120? A. 0.5 B. 0.68 C. 0.75 D. 0.95 - CORRECT ANSWER B. 0.68 Based on the (68-95-99 percent rule) of normally distributed data that states that 68% of values are within 1 standard deviation, 95% are within 2 SD, and 99% are within 3 SD Generally, the largest single component in most public health budgets, and therefore the one with which managers must be most familiar is: 1. computer software and hardware 2. pharmaceuticals 3. personnel 4. shortfalls - CORRECT ANSWER 3. personnel From the perspective of hospitals, the No. 1 cost category in hospital budget is employees' wages and benefits. Cuts in personnel or staffing will leave public health departments unable to respond to crisis. The most important reason for reduced mortality during the initial stage of a demographic/epidemiologic transition in a population is: 1. Increased use of antibiotics 2. Improved sanitation 3. Increased immunization 4. Screening for common infectious diseases - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Improved sanitation The Belmont Report - CORRECT ANSWER ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research created as a result of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study The Nuremberg Code - CORRECT ANSWER a set of research ethics principles for human experimentation set as a result of the subsequent Nuremberg trials at the end of the Second World War. Precede-Proceed Model - CORRECT ANSWER Consists of eight phases that provide a framework for intervention. It is an educational and ecologic model that incorporates planning for evidence-based best practices, interventions, and integration of evaluation methods for improvement of quality. HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) - CORRECT ANSWER Identify and control problems that may cause food-borne illness before they happen Gnatt Chart - CORRECT ANSWER bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time SWOT analysis - CORRECT ANSWER strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats Douglas McGregor Theory Y - CORRECT ANSWER Belief that people are intrinsically motivated to work. Includes a great deal of participation of staff. Minimal control and direction by managment Cryptosporidium - CORRECT ANSWER resistant to chlorine treatment of municipal water supplies. very difficult to kill by chemical disinfection of drinking and/or recreational water supply systems and has caused major US disease outbreaks selection bias - CORRECT ANSWER in an experiment, unintended differences between the participants in different groups (ex. non-response) Confounding bias - CORRECT ANSWER When more than one explanation can account for the end result Which public health measure had the greatest impact on average life expectancy? - CORRECT ANSWER Improvements in sanitation and hygine What term reflects the meaning of external validity of study findings as used in an evidence-based critical appraisal? 1. Generalizability 2. Bias 3. Confounding 4. Surrogate end points - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Generalizability Generalizability describes the extent to which the effects in a study truly reflect what can be expected in a target population beyond the people included in the study. Bias: A systematic error where something else other than the predictor variable influences the response variable. Confounding: Presence of a factor that influences both the intervention and the outcome of research. Surrogate end points: An outcome that substitutes for a direct measurement of a clinical outcome. The surrogate endpoint may correlate with the real clinical outcome. Donabedian's model - CORRECT ANSWER The logic model that has been the dominant paradigm representing types of information that may be collected to draw inferences about quality of care provided by a healthcare system Case-control Study - CORRECT ANSWER A type of epidemiologic study where a group of individuals with the diseases, referred to as cases, are compared to individuals without the disease, referred to as controls cross-sectional study - CORRECT ANSWER a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another retrospective study - CORRECT ANSWER A study that monitors people who have been exposed to an environmental hazard at some time in the past. prospective study - CORRECT ANSWER an observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes