Endocrine Med Surg 2 Exam Questions and Correct Solutions| Graded A+

Addison's disease - A rare, chronic endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid hormones. (adrenocortical insufficiency) Addision's Disease - Most common cause of this disease is autoimmune or idiopathic atrophy of adrenal glands. Addison's Disease - John has Tuberculosis. He is now experiencing muscle weakness, low serum sodium, bronzing of the skin and low blood glucose. What condition does the nurse suspect he has? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Jack is experiencing hyper-secretion of _______. He is now experiencing fluid retention, and dilutional hyponatremia. As a result, he has been diagnosed with SIADH. SIADH - You have a patient that has been newly diagnosed with ____________. Her her serum osmolality level is low and she has developed hyponatremia. The Physician decides to begin a treatment of fluid restriction and furosemide. SIADH - Your patient has recently been in an accident and suffered from a traumatic brain injury. He is showing S/S of fluid retention and his urine is concentrated. He is diagnosed with _______. Hypothyroidism - Condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland leading to elevated TSH. Hyperthyroidism - Overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in a rapid heartbeat and an increased rate of metabolism. T4 - This thyroid hormone maintains body metabolism in a steady state. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) - Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones T3 and T4 T3 (triiodothyronine) - A nurse is reviewing the laboratory findings for a client who may have hyperthyroidism. The nurse should identify an elevation in ____________, as an indication that the client has this disorder? increased urine osmolality - A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect? SIADH - Jason was just diagnosed with ______________. His main complaint is weight gain and less than normal urination. Primary adrenal insufficiency - During a clients ACTH stimulation test, the nurse is monitoring plasma cortisol levels and notices no change. What does this indicate? Growth Hormone (GH) - Found in the anterior pituitary, this regulates the growth of the body Gigantism - hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues Acromegaly - Abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in adulthood. Acromegaly - Bones of forehead, jaw, feet and hands are affected by this disease of growth, as well as enlargement of organs such as the liver and heart. Acromegaly - You client has been experiencing extreme headaches, joint pain, decreased libido, lower jaw protrusion, a change in her menstrual cycle pattern and her head size in increasing. What is the likely diagnosis? diabetes insipidus (DI) - Condition caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia Drug-induced diabetes insipidus (DI) - Joann has been on Lithium carbonate for the last 7 months. She has noticed excessive urination. Her urine is colorless and she is experiencing polydipsia. What is likely the cause? Demeclocycline - This ADH antagonist can lead to Drug-induced diabetes insipidus (DI). hypophysectomy - surgical removal of the pituitary gland Demeclocycline - Kathy was diagnosed with SIADH. She is reporting oliguria and her urine appears very concentrated. What medication would the nurse expect the physician to prescribe? Dexamethasone suppression test (DST) - Test used to determine whether dexamethasone (similar to cortisol) has an effect on cortisol levels. adrenal gland hormones - aldosterone and cortisol dilutional hyponatremia - A serum sodium that is low not because of an absolute lack of sodium but because of an excess of water. Seen with SIADH. Calcitonin - Secreted in response to high plasma calcium levels - increased calcium deposit in bone T4 (thyroxine) - This hormone increases metabolism and basal metabolic rate (BMR), however, it is not the most potent of the thyroid hormones and less rapid acting.