Organic Chemistry Test with correct answers

Organic Chemistry Test Hydrocarbon - correct answer molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen, building block of lots of things All organic carbons are made of... - correct answer carbon carbon is important because - correct answer can make wide variety of compounds, 4 valence electrons form strong covalent bonds with many other elements, forms basis for living things Function Group - correct answer Group of molecules, that once added to another molecule it changes the function hydroxyl group - correct answer OH carboxyl group - correct answer C double bond to O + C bonded to OH amino group - correct answer N bonded to two H phosphate group - correct answer P double bonded to O + bonded to three O Monosaccharides - correct answer Single sugar molecules - one ring Disaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides Macromolecules - correct answer large molecules, used to make carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid Monomers - correct answer building blocks of polymers Carbohydrates - correct answer Chemical energy - broken down to glucose to provide energy Carbohydrate basic formula - correct answer C bonded w hydroxyl + ring shape Carbohydrates Polysaccharides function - correct answer energy storage and DNA structural support Polysaccharides - correct answer Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides Lipids - correct answer fats and oils lipids: hydrophobic or hydrophilic? - correct answer hydrophobic simple lipids - correct answer fatty acids Simple lipids structure - correct answer carboxyl group w hydrocarbon tails saturated fats - correct answer no double bond, equal ration between C and H, has a higher melting point = hard to get rid of unsaturated fats - correct answer double bond between C and C Triglycerides components - correct answer 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids triglyceride w/ unsaturated fatty acid examples - correct answer nuts, fish, and oils Triglyceride w/ saturated fatty acid examples - correct answer meats, dairy, and plants Extra triglycerides holding place - correct answer in the muscles Phospholipids head components - correct answer 1 glycerol and 1 phosphate group Phospholipids tail components - correct answer 2 fatty acids which phospholipid part in hydrophobic - correct answer tail which phospholipid part in hydrophilic - correct answer head Steroids structure - correct answer four carbon rings Steroid examples - correct answer cholesterol, estradiol, testosterone, and cortisol Proteins functions - correct answer enzymes, cell structure, anti-bodies How is DNA related to proteins - correct answer DNA is instructions on how to build proteins amino acids - correct answer building blocks of proteins How many amino acids are found naturally in nature - correct answer 20 All amino acid structural base - correct answer amino group + C-H + carboxyl group What makes amino acids different? - correct answer side chains bonded to the C-H How do aminos bond and create chains - correct answer dehydration synthesis name of two bonded amino acids - correct answer dipeptide Structure controls what in amino chains - correct answer function Primary structural level of amino acid structure - correct answer chains of amino acid secondary structural level of amino acid structure - correct answer folding chain Shape of folded amino chains - correct answer helix or pleated sheet How do amino chains get their shape - correct answer hydrogen bonds third structural level of amino acid structure - correct answer three dimensional, ball like shape Is third structure folds random - correct answer NO, very specific quaternary structural level of amino acid structure - correct answer multiple third structure Enzymes are what - correct answer proteins enzymes are used to do what - correct answer speed up reactions and reduce the amount of energy required to preform the reaction What part of the enzyme is very specific in order for it to work - correct answer active site what goes into the active site of an enzyme - correct answer substrates Active sites have a loose fit to the substrate but what happens when they come in contact w a substrate - correct answer they contort to perfectly fit the substrate, but only happens w a specific substrate Enzyme + substrate - correct answer enzyme-substrate complex What would cause an enzyme to stop working - correct answer wrong ph and/or temperature, etc. What are inhibitors - correct answer compounds that inhibit the activity of the enzyme How do competitive inhibitors work - correct answer bind to active site so substrate can How do non competitive inhibitors work - correct answer Bind to enzyme (that is not in the active site) but still change the shape of active site What are nucleotides - correct answer monomers of nucleic acids Parts of a nucleotide - correct answer 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base 2 different types of sugars used in nucleotides - correct answer ribose and deoxyribose What is the phosphate group in nucleotides responsible for - correct answer bonding w each other What are the different nucleotide nitrogenous bases - correct answer Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine, and Uracil What are purines and pyrimidines - correct answer the different groups of nitrogenous bases What is the purpose of nitrogenous bases - correct answer their order determines the coding of DNA RNA structure - correct answer single stranded Which is bigger DNA or RNA - correct answer DNA Same base as DNA except the.. - correct answer 4th which is Uracil DNA structure - correct answer double helix What gives DNA its shape - correct answer hydrogen bonds What does ATP stand for - correct answer adenosine triphosphate What is ATP - correct answer usable energy Three phosphates groups in ATP means what - correct answer highest energy level when ATP is used what is lost and what is created - correct answer lost: one phosphate group Becomes: ADP