,Diabetic Retinopathy
,Diabetic Retinopathy
• Commonest cause of blindness in adults aged 35-65
• Usually asymptomatic = found in annual diabetic eye screening
• Due to hyperglycaemia which causes
• Endothelial cell dysfunction leading to increased vascular permeability exud
• Pericyte dysfunction microaneurysms
• Neovascularisation due to retinal ischaemia
• Risk factors
• Longer duration / younger-onset diabetes
• Poor glycaemic control
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidaemia
, Diabetic Retinopathy:
Classification
• Background retinopathy
• Microaneurysms
• Dot and blot haemorrhages
• Exudates
• Non-proliferative
• Dense haemorrhages
• Hard exudates
• Cotton wool spots (from retinal infarction)
• Venous beading/looping
• Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities
• Proliferative = retinal neovascularisation
• Can cause vitreous haemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment
• Maculopathy
• Macular oedema that can happen at any stage