,COPD
,COPD
• Causes
• Smoking
• Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
• Symptoms
• Productive cough
• Dyspnoea
• Wheeze
, COPD: Investigations
• FBC
Post- FEV1 (of Severi
• Secondary polycythaemia bronchodilator predicted)
FEV1/FVC
• CXR <0.7 >80% Stage 1 / Mild
• Hyperinflation <0.7 50-79% Stage 2 / Mod
<0.7 30-49% Stage 3 / Seve
• Bullae <0.7 <30% Stage 4 – Very
• Flat diaphragm
• Post-bronchodilator spirometry
• FEV1/FVC <0.7 (obstructive pattern)