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Randomness occurs more in small populations but genetic diversity occurs
more in larger populations.
Types of genetic isolation;
Mechanical
Temporal
Behavioural
Gametic
Ecological
Macro-evolution
As time passes, mutation, nucleic acids, and amino acid substitutions
accumulate. It occurs at a constant rate for a particular gene.
Convergent evolution occurs when species/animals develop genes
independently due to the same natural selection affecting more than one
place
Columbus is thought to discover America but it was discovered 15,000 years
ago by Siberians.
Neanderthals thought to be present 100-300Mya had pale skin and red ginger
hair.
Neanderthals and humans/ denisovans interbred; humans have 0-4%
neanderthal genome
De-extinction: Synthetic biology would be used to recreate genomes to bring
back extinct animals.
Fossils from dated strata are used to infer the timing and order of evolution.
Giant insects reduced size/ wingspan due to reduced atmospheric oxygen.
Tetrapods originated from lobe-finned fishes.
Major transitions in evolution.
C. Elegans: a free-living nematode found in rotten vegetation mostly in areas
where it’s rainy. They have 5 autosomes and one X sex chromosome.
RNA is thought to have transited from RNA (from the RNA world) being a
gene and enzyme to DNA. This is advantageous as DNA is a more stable
structure forming a double helix but DNA thereby needs a translation
system.
Amino acids are thought to be co-factors to ribozymes in the RNA world
enhancing their performance
Why was the cell wall lost in the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes?
Randomness occurs more in small populations but genetic diversity occurs
more in larger populations.
Types of genetic isolation;
Mechanical
Temporal
Behavioural
Gametic
Ecological
Macro-evolution
As time passes, mutation, nucleic acids, and amino acid substitutions
accumulate. It occurs at a constant rate for a particular gene.
Convergent evolution occurs when species/animals develop genes
independently due to the same natural selection affecting more than one
place
Columbus is thought to discover America but it was discovered 15,000 years
ago by Siberians.
Neanderthals thought to be present 100-300Mya had pale skin and red ginger
hair.
Neanderthals and humans/ denisovans interbred; humans have 0-4%
neanderthal genome
De-extinction: Synthetic biology would be used to recreate genomes to bring
back extinct animals.
Fossils from dated strata are used to infer the timing and order of evolution.
Giant insects reduced size/ wingspan due to reduced atmospheric oxygen.
Tetrapods originated from lobe-finned fishes.
Major transitions in evolution.
C. Elegans: a free-living nematode found in rotten vegetation mostly in areas
where it’s rainy. They have 5 autosomes and one X sex chromosome.
RNA is thought to have transited from RNA (from the RNA world) being a
gene and enzyme to DNA. This is advantageous as DNA is a more stable
structure forming a double helix but DNA thereby needs a translation
system.
Amino acids are thought to be co-factors to ribozymes in the RNA world
enhancing their performance
Why was the cell wall lost in the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes?
