Infectious diseases
Direct transmission
The majority of human fatalities globally
are caused by infectious diseases, which Direct touch is when two people come into direct physical contact, such as when
also generate pandemic outbreaks that they hug, kiss, or engage in sexual activity. The disease can be easily transmitted by
cause extensive destruction. Furthermore, the infectious agents present in the sick person's saliva, on their clothes or body, or
human interaction with biological hazards even by exchange of bodily fluids if they are doing any of the above with someone.
and human undertakings that go awry This is how STDs are spread. Droplets may be spewed out of the infected person's
quickly, causing these outbreaks, are the mouth while they speak or cough. Particularly in women and young children, STDs
main causes of these significant losses of can have a negative impact on long-term health. It can lead to cervical cancer,
life. Air and water are the main channels perinatal or congenital infections, infertility, tubal or ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic
through which infectious illnesses travel inflammatory disease.
across international borders. The
physiological structure of a pandemic
Examples of direct contact
always starts with a stimulus that sets off
a chain of little events that grow in Direct transmission is how conjunctivitis is transferred. Hand-to-eye contact with
magnitude over time until they reach a infected hands or objects is how most conjunctivitis-causing viruses are spread. If
peak when cases of new disease strains hands come into contact with infectious tears, ocular fluid, faeces, or respiratory
start wreaking havoc on the connected discharges, they could become contaminated. One should carefully wash their hands
nation. The usage of needle sharing, before handling their eyes and avoid touching them to prevent the spread of this
which can lead to HIV/AIDS, is one of illness. Redness and inflammation in the thin layer of tissue that covers the front of
several additional variables contributing the eye are symptoms of the common disorder conjunctivitis (the conjunctiva).
to the transmission of the disease(s) that Zoonotic- Both human to human contact and animal to human contact can result in
are to blame for epidemics. These the transmission of disease. This happens when an infected animal bites or scratches
illnesses should not be treated lightly a person. Animals frequently infect humans with the disease rabies. Rabies can be
since they contain immunotoxin transmitted through a bite because it is present in an infected animal's saliva.
compounds that compromise the immune
system of the person, mimicking an
immunodeficiency condition.
Indirect transmission & examples
During indirect contact, illnesses are transferred through contaminated surfaces. Sharing needles isn't the only way that infectious
organisms (such viruses, parasites, bacteria, or fungi) can spread diseases indirectly; they can also remain in the air for a long time.
Droplet infection- If someone has the flu and has been sneezing in a room, the airborne particles linger there, where they might be
inhaled by anyone entering the space and cause them to become unwell. The person would become ill if they sneezed into their
hands, touched a doorknob or another object in the room, and then someone else touches that object.
Food/water- Contaminated food or water can potentially spread infectious diseases. Salmonella could spread if a sick person prepares
food or consumes undercooked meat. Typically, humans become infected by consuming food that has been tainted with an infected
animal’s faeces.
Vectors- Infectious diseases like malaria can be transmitted by fleas or mosquitoes. As these insects eat infected hosts or infected
animals, they get infected. When the insect bites another individual, the sickness is spread.
Surface contamination- Germs or viruses may be initially deposited on a surface or object when a person coughs, sneezes, talks,
breathes, vomits, has diarrhea, uses the bathroom, flushes the toilet, or touches anything with their hands. Many studies have been
conducted on the spread of pathogens from hands to surfaces. such as chicken pox.
Airborne - Bacteria or viruses that cause airborne infections are most frequently spread by tiny respiratory droplets. When a person
with the airborne sickness sneezes, coughs, laughs, or exhales in any other way, these droplets are released.
Direct transmission
The majority of human fatalities globally
are caused by infectious diseases, which Direct touch is when two people come into direct physical contact, such as when
also generate pandemic outbreaks that they hug, kiss, or engage in sexual activity. The disease can be easily transmitted by
cause extensive destruction. Furthermore, the infectious agents present in the sick person's saliva, on their clothes or body, or
human interaction with biological hazards even by exchange of bodily fluids if they are doing any of the above with someone.
and human undertakings that go awry This is how STDs are spread. Droplets may be spewed out of the infected person's
quickly, causing these outbreaks, are the mouth while they speak or cough. Particularly in women and young children, STDs
main causes of these significant losses of can have a negative impact on long-term health. It can lead to cervical cancer,
life. Air and water are the main channels perinatal or congenital infections, infertility, tubal or ectopic pregnancy, and pelvic
through which infectious illnesses travel inflammatory disease.
across international borders. The
physiological structure of a pandemic
Examples of direct contact
always starts with a stimulus that sets off
a chain of little events that grow in Direct transmission is how conjunctivitis is transferred. Hand-to-eye contact with
magnitude over time until they reach a infected hands or objects is how most conjunctivitis-causing viruses are spread. If
peak when cases of new disease strains hands come into contact with infectious tears, ocular fluid, faeces, or respiratory
start wreaking havoc on the connected discharges, they could become contaminated. One should carefully wash their hands
nation. The usage of needle sharing, before handling their eyes and avoid touching them to prevent the spread of this
which can lead to HIV/AIDS, is one of illness. Redness and inflammation in the thin layer of tissue that covers the front of
several additional variables contributing the eye are symptoms of the common disorder conjunctivitis (the conjunctiva).
to the transmission of the disease(s) that Zoonotic- Both human to human contact and animal to human contact can result in
are to blame for epidemics. These the transmission of disease. This happens when an infected animal bites or scratches
illnesses should not be treated lightly a person. Animals frequently infect humans with the disease rabies. Rabies can be
since they contain immunotoxin transmitted through a bite because it is present in an infected animal's saliva.
compounds that compromise the immune
system of the person, mimicking an
immunodeficiency condition.
Indirect transmission & examples
During indirect contact, illnesses are transferred through contaminated surfaces. Sharing needles isn't the only way that infectious
organisms (such viruses, parasites, bacteria, or fungi) can spread diseases indirectly; they can also remain in the air for a long time.
Droplet infection- If someone has the flu and has been sneezing in a room, the airborne particles linger there, where they might be
inhaled by anyone entering the space and cause them to become unwell. The person would become ill if they sneezed into their
hands, touched a doorknob or another object in the room, and then someone else touches that object.
Food/water- Contaminated food or water can potentially spread infectious diseases. Salmonella could spread if a sick person prepares
food or consumes undercooked meat. Typically, humans become infected by consuming food that has been tainted with an infected
animal’s faeces.
Vectors- Infectious diseases like malaria can be transmitted by fleas or mosquitoes. As these insects eat infected hosts or infected
animals, they get infected. When the insect bites another individual, the sickness is spread.
Surface contamination- Germs or viruses may be initially deposited on a surface or object when a person coughs, sneezes, talks,
breathes, vomits, has diarrhea, uses the bathroom, flushes the toilet, or touches anything with their hands. Many studies have been
conducted on the spread of pathogens from hands to surfaces. such as chicken pox.
Airborne - Bacteria or viruses that cause airborne infections are most frequently spread by tiny respiratory droplets. When a person
with the airborne sickness sneezes, coughs, laughs, or exhales in any other way, these droplets are released.
