1
- . .
in front of a cloud of fumes and dust It was survival of the fittest ( like maracas ,
a metal container filled with
and levelled, and everyone
relished this unusual test of straightened
.. .
The road
. . .
cartoonish imagery consistent with " wacky pales " ) driver
•
uncivilised , sense of lawlessness 1 dried beans )
Our young
neared the end of the race
picked up
•
sky , speed as we
during
.
, brackets give info , disrupts the flow of the
ordertest, fun , silliness colourful with :
anxiety and
language growing there's
Long sentence reflects reader's
i.
more though much going and lot
.
. . -
.
even so on a ;)
. :
builds drama → tension + action c. readers in front I text and structure → echoes the anticipation creates tension
rising that tried to cut seemingly dangerous , we do not feel a of
'
every vehicle
2. . .
.
sense ,
get interested ) " I overwhelming amount of detail danger rather , a thrill of excitement
triad of "" ° "
colourful "
'
"
'
. . .
fifty roaring vehicles
up engine
'
-1
'
revved the
' •
Euphemism (replace synonyms) :
(and amount of cultural differences .
young driver thoroughly enjoy , this (
dangerous +
→ aggressive loud noises
suggests that their culture is 1 end of the buildup
"
, the Westerners are not aware of ) adventurous / → chance to demonstrate 1- prove his skills
- . "
race : final of tension
onomatopoeia of harsh consonants+ alliteration
unique exotic, a dash of local 1 standing on top of their cars : hanging out of
•
'
'
↳
stirring up of tension + sense of rising action
,
' '
to cut in front of a vehicle with a
sharp But just . .
.
finish line , the hospital
gate . ..
colour ( ✗ being offensive or
' '
lorries cheered and shouted;
.
.
taxis perched
.
on
+ ,
wheel CU0 lane discipline
flick of the steering sense of climax
,
I •
animalistic crowd ( desperate to get in the midst of the repulsive ) 1 vehicles jostled
'
action too )
l here) i 9h14 reflexes to spot
'
Gap in the -
Foreshadowing irony humor : paradoxical ,
*
- -
of chaos
-
-
, ,
g- Real sense
- - - -
- - -
- -
&
traffic for a "" PK of Khonds: "Ethel
displays the
popularity of the race '
Are they coming ? Are they coming ?
'
we called listing of active verbs : shows the inordinate
,
something bad
effective horn
.
and an
sensory overload omit amount of activity is
going to
.
I out to them ' coming , coming cause the reply '
Iasyndetonc that
i"tÉdh
•
.
, .
alternating structure anticipation vs laid-back
-
. . .
began to inch the car out . . .
. :
conjunction ) is
surrounding the author happen
I
sharp flick leading donkey swerved
"
Factual instinctive, of precision
"
build up tension ↳ fairly short paragraph tension creates full expression :
sense pile-up as the ,
dickon
.
•
:
on → → a . .
.
near
and he and the cart tumbled
sharp
over
of liveliness and vibrancy and accuracy , short,
footing
.
lost his
excitement
↳
1 ,
The two donkeys were almost dwarfed by their -
Question : ,
laid back and also chaos clean clean consonants readers hold their breath
Alliteration lack of organization , shaking ,
-
entourage
:/main
:
creates fast pure
\
.
.
a
Metaphor (language ) suggests that
attitude you have
' :
character became
- - - -
diversity of different types of vehicles
- - -
insignificant
- - - .
-
-
-
comical -
lack of time clause
→ ✗ orderly , predictable + • be bold and d" " "
9
,
neck and neck I -
,
1. highlights importance of race to local,
were over hundred punters who had
structured CUKV)
-
-
a
→
Triad
• . .
. . .
of unity ,
2. highlights sense among the people
-
builds suspense contrast staked money the rave
-
close race
1 in organisation differences
all on .- -
their jockeys perched on top tiny of the of both cultures within their There were two races the motorized -
spectators ,
situation locals take the rail
serious
i.
at the back i in front , the two donkeys , still
# long sentences with overwhelming detail
.
energetically although beginning
,
cards using their ,
I I was to lose faith in its happening ,
•
not cruelly but the '
lads remained confident :
'
'
.
triad → show detail running close and
amazingly not put off by 1 very seriously , foreshadows something
1
uproar just behind
.
them bad is to happen
informal tone
the .
\ going
Formula one without rules , or a
•
1 This was chaotic, double excitement
pity creates unstable , yet frantic and reaction to disorganisation
.
=
: an
city-centre rush hour gone anarchic ; a Voices were raised , fists were out and tempers
•
.
Westerner : anxious , uncomfortable 1
energetic image
type main road
I traffic for it was a
oncoming
- - - -
- -
complete flouting of every traffic
;µjg
-
easterner confident, laid back -
had to dive into y
not cruelly
"
creates the impression that
:
the ditch
.
although I
-
rule and
"
I
. .
• mmdh tense
- : .
Rule of three builds tension
.
it's unique and unusual real sense of danger chaos and excitement :
-
"
just assuming without rules
'
I
,
was
'
as
* Diction keyword of the
.
the impression that
. . .
:
writing :
readers can't I
we get 1 .
tension is about to build up "
( too much going on , keep up ) .
sibilant →
danger and violence
"
city-centre
"
Formula One
"
donkeys aren't getting
:
sudden shift in tone wacky Rails 'I
'
the ,
cartoonish image ' relates to
progressively worsening
"
"
dire "'
situation is
-
I 1
.
• .
. ..
to western world
tortured and mistreated
. .
→
monosyllabic word foregrounds sentence 1. comparison
parenthetical anarchy Repetition of ing
'
.
statement : '
a sense of ambiguity ( unclear
)
i
author celebrates their culture [→ creates
I 1
:<
horns tooting , bells ringing , and the special -
the Kibla donkey is said to achieve speeds is she judgemental
- just highlighting or Yaqoob loved it .
..
trying to insist that the race should be re run -
and lifestyle of local people
.
rattles used just for this purpose 1 of up to 40 kph , and this looked close cultural differences ? I simplistic joy the of to
emphasise on
importance rule
-
put;m
.
..
.
1
. :
triad " "
factual into inform readers Familiar image helps the reader appreciate short sentence : declarative,
certain
•
. kibla donkey : → 2. .
to" "
of noise ' harsh sounds ) the chaotic nature of the vault + relate to free-spirited easy going
. onomatopoeia sounds / cacophony 1
chaos is building (rising action ) •
yaqoob personality : ,
humorous,
life '
their everyday Yaqoob and Iqbal were of
.
- cluttered sentence ( structure )
1
-
- -
-
- -
- - n
I
nervous
hanging around
noise of
- - -
" The ,
①
. . . .
-
triad ; show Mayhem and excitement of the race a volatile situation
( informative ) 1 race was over
.
echoes the excitement and
anarchy I . travel writing style onomatopoeia , visual image → sensory overload The .
monosyllabic words :\
short sentence definitive
tone, encourages readers to feel the same
paragraph filled with monosyllabic 1
.
short
. ,
edge out of the road and
-
. . . swerve in front
I rising action complex sentences , contrast sudden slow down of action , anti
-
climax even carefree and adventurous people are
many simultaneous activities
1
.
. .
,
words →
1
.
" " " d'
→
-
creates a reckless and slightly dangerous yet 1 Actual race juxtaposes with longer, complex sentences prior )
1
sensible to be nervous
builds up tension and excitement
(
z l
thrilling image
. -
- - - -
- - -
l
- - . - - -
-
' inside
- - -
. . - - . -
- - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- . -
.
→
exciting and chaotic And then the trouble began .
. ..
ordering me to stay .
I. Anticipation Irony tension built before is brought
commanding assertive tone
language
•
, .
,
"
Rails to this → further tension
join in the wacky paragraph
"
lads "
l /IM
'
Anti
"
b. ✗ short sentence about her safety
. . .
they
. ..
-
.
-
care
- informal , quirky tone
i.
A = western privileged culture
I assumed but were swallowed up by the crowd
game
.
÷ .
help readers
wacky Races western cartoon
.. . . . . .
-
:
. -
→
climb inside and
'
I '
we'll open the car boot , you point reflects Westerners
'
pov are very different
the extent of anarchy and the personification crowd is overwhelming ,
•
imagine camera towards the rave
"
' •
→
monstrous
, your
. . ..
from locals →
unpredictable rave ,
cartoon reach contrast : sophistication and threatening
complete lack of rules alike in + us
a • until "
-
dangerous , unorthodox , anarchic to western OF
'
1 .
uncultured parallel
'
officials
①
. . .
. . .
,
western audience 1 but considered as fun and exciting for Eastern countries But I don't have my licence yet because
'
even
inverted commas sarcastiu tone → discredits
peculiar in western POV )
:
paced sentences builds tension
-
comparison in culture, I short , fast violent , unusual , humourous, I'm underaged !
- → '
( them
-
'
to the front ?
' '
0h Yell
WITH A informal , unexpected , shouting - - - - - -
-
- - - -
But will you try and get
- -
brow of the hill
'
, ,
waited for eternity on the * unusual , exotic , structure :
dangerous and anarchic
µqµqgg ✓qgyq#
even more
we '
-
'
that's no problem 1
natural flow of
" "" "Y " " "" "
4 Fear in hindsight
broken grammar rules
hyperbole suspense and anticipation
'
creates
-
grabbing
- : - -
.
conversation 1 both found this hilarious but
I They I was
gazed around at us spirits
,
fell off adventurous
"
to the front
nearly get
"
I hadn't told me before
=
glad
.
he
.
• . .
II.
. ..
pakistan culture
EMMA LEVINE
seen
From title :
each other is unusual
clash of culture ( both sides think lack of worries or
"
problem
.
"
no = confidence =
Westerner 's POV
from I
highly prioritises
a
contrast in writer law
a
concern Chaos : .
perspectives :
'
wobbly bicycle
"
purpose : recreate the experience of the donkey race
and order in contrast to locals '
-5-1 juncture
" " 1
vs a
- - - -
- - - -
"
lens
-
road
.
main
-
- - -
a zoom
-
•
new and unfamiliar -
racing on a
' carefree and wild personality
difference
find the best viewing spot contrast contrast in technology reflect excitement and energetic
hospital gate
-
we drove off to
-
- - - -
-
finish line :
-
:
- -
- - -
- - -
- -
-
chaotic anarchy corny wildness ,
. .
in worlds closed traffic
.
(✗
with immediate high energy, build tension exotic , strange and unusual aspects of the race there is oncoming
starting
-
.
towards the end road ) that had to dive into the ditch
•
hour later feel rather silly a sense of danger
from the start to build up to climax Nearly one
.
. ..
. . .
interested in cultural difference ! there'sa second race ( spectators )
Anticipation build suspense , contrast of pace Audience travellers , people who are
paragraph confusing , suspense reinforces the sense : :
the is
-
.
•
→
westerners , adults
open minded people ,
Yaqoob didn't even have a licence
replaced excitement ,
-
of unpredictability of an Asian country compared to a
" "
silly
-
:
•
personal experience Inner detail > factual )
( a recount of
writing
Nicole Li
a
western
Genre : Travel fallen donkey → conflicts among spectators
country
-
cl : is she judgemental or just highlighting the cultural differences ?
- . .
in front of a cloud of fumes and dust It was survival of the fittest ( like maracas ,
a metal container filled with
and levelled, and everyone
relished this unusual test of straightened
.. .
The road
. . .
cartoonish imagery consistent with " wacky pales " ) driver
•
uncivilised , sense of lawlessness 1 dried beans )
Our young
neared the end of the race
picked up
•
sky , speed as we
during
.
, brackets give info , disrupts the flow of the
ordertest, fun , silliness colourful with :
anxiety and
language growing there's
Long sentence reflects reader's
i.
more though much going and lot
.
. . -
.
even so on a ;)
. :
builds drama → tension + action c. readers in front I text and structure → echoes the anticipation creates tension
rising that tried to cut seemingly dangerous , we do not feel a of
'
every vehicle
2. . .
.
sense ,
get interested ) " I overwhelming amount of detail danger rather , a thrill of excitement
triad of "" ° "
colourful "
'
"
'
. . .
fifty roaring vehicles
up engine
'
-1
'
revved the
' •
Euphemism (replace synonyms) :
(and amount of cultural differences .
young driver thoroughly enjoy , this (
dangerous +
→ aggressive loud noises
suggests that their culture is 1 end of the buildup
"
, the Westerners are not aware of ) adventurous / → chance to demonstrate 1- prove his skills
- . "
race : final of tension
onomatopoeia of harsh consonants+ alliteration
unique exotic, a dash of local 1 standing on top of their cars : hanging out of
•
'
'
↳
stirring up of tension + sense of rising action
,
' '
to cut in front of a vehicle with a
sharp But just . .
.
finish line , the hospital
gate . ..
colour ( ✗ being offensive or
' '
lorries cheered and shouted;
.
.
taxis perched
.
on
+ ,
wheel CU0 lane discipline
flick of the steering sense of climax
,
I •
animalistic crowd ( desperate to get in the midst of the repulsive ) 1 vehicles jostled
'
action too )
l here) i 9h14 reflexes to spot
'
Gap in the -
Foreshadowing irony humor : paradoxical ,
*
- -
of chaos
-
-
, ,
g- Real sense
- - - -
- - -
- -
&
traffic for a "" PK of Khonds: "Ethel
displays the
popularity of the race '
Are they coming ? Are they coming ?
'
we called listing of active verbs : shows the inordinate
,
something bad
effective horn
.
and an
sensory overload omit amount of activity is
going to
.
I out to them ' coming , coming cause the reply '
Iasyndetonc that
i"tÉdh
•
.
, .
alternating structure anticipation vs laid-back
-
. . .
began to inch the car out . . .
. :
conjunction ) is
surrounding the author happen
I
sharp flick leading donkey swerved
"
Factual instinctive, of precision
"
build up tension ↳ fairly short paragraph tension creates full expression :
sense pile-up as the ,
dickon
.
•
:
on → → a . .
.
near
and he and the cart tumbled
sharp
over
of liveliness and vibrancy and accuracy , short,
footing
.
lost his
excitement
↳
1 ,
The two donkeys were almost dwarfed by their -
Question : ,
laid back and also chaos clean clean consonants readers hold their breath
Alliteration lack of organization , shaking ,
-
entourage
:/main
:
creates fast pure
\
.
.
a
Metaphor (language ) suggests that
attitude you have
' :
character became
- - - -
diversity of different types of vehicles
- - -
insignificant
- - - .
-
-
-
comical -
lack of time clause
→ ✗ orderly , predictable + • be bold and d" " "
9
,
neck and neck I -
,
1. highlights importance of race to local,
were over hundred punters who had
structured CUKV)
-
-
a
→
Triad
• . .
. . .
of unity ,
2. highlights sense among the people
-
builds suspense contrast staked money the rave
-
close race
1 in organisation differences
all on .- -
their jockeys perched on top tiny of the of both cultures within their There were two races the motorized -
spectators ,
situation locals take the rail
serious
i.
at the back i in front , the two donkeys , still
# long sentences with overwhelming detail
.
energetically although beginning
,
cards using their ,
I I was to lose faith in its happening ,
•
not cruelly but the '
lads remained confident :
'
'
.
triad → show detail running close and
amazingly not put off by 1 very seriously , foreshadows something
1
uproar just behind
.
them bad is to happen
informal tone
the .
\ going
Formula one without rules , or a
•
1 This was chaotic, double excitement
pity creates unstable , yet frantic and reaction to disorganisation
.
=
: an
city-centre rush hour gone anarchic ; a Voices were raised , fists were out and tempers
•
.
Westerner : anxious , uncomfortable 1
energetic image
type main road
I traffic for it was a
oncoming
- - - -
- -
complete flouting of every traffic
;µjg
-
easterner confident, laid back -
had to dive into y
not cruelly
"
creates the impression that
:
the ditch
.
although I
-
rule and
"
I
. .
• mmdh tense
- : .
Rule of three builds tension
.
it's unique and unusual real sense of danger chaos and excitement :
-
"
just assuming without rules
'
I
,
was
'
as
* Diction keyword of the
.
the impression that
. . .
:
writing :
readers can't I
we get 1 .
tension is about to build up "
( too much going on , keep up ) .
sibilant →
danger and violence
"
city-centre
"
Formula One
"
donkeys aren't getting
:
sudden shift in tone wacky Rails 'I
'
the ,
cartoonish image ' relates to
progressively worsening
"
"
dire "'
situation is
-
I 1
.
• .
. ..
to western world
tortured and mistreated
. .
→
monosyllabic word foregrounds sentence 1. comparison
parenthetical anarchy Repetition of ing
'
.
statement : '
a sense of ambiguity ( unclear
)
i
author celebrates their culture [→ creates
I 1
:<
horns tooting , bells ringing , and the special -
the Kibla donkey is said to achieve speeds is she judgemental
- just highlighting or Yaqoob loved it .
..
trying to insist that the race should be re run -
and lifestyle of local people
.
rattles used just for this purpose 1 of up to 40 kph , and this looked close cultural differences ? I simplistic joy the of to
emphasise on
importance rule
-
put;m
.
..
.
1
. :
triad " "
factual into inform readers Familiar image helps the reader appreciate short sentence : declarative,
certain
•
. kibla donkey : → 2. .
to" "
of noise ' harsh sounds ) the chaotic nature of the vault + relate to free-spirited easy going
. onomatopoeia sounds / cacophony 1
chaos is building (rising action ) •
yaqoob personality : ,
humorous,
life '
their everyday Yaqoob and Iqbal were of
.
- cluttered sentence ( structure )
1
-
- -
-
- -
- - n
I
nervous
hanging around
noise of
- - -
" The ,
①
. . . .
-
triad ; show Mayhem and excitement of the race a volatile situation
( informative ) 1 race was over
.
echoes the excitement and
anarchy I . travel writing style onomatopoeia , visual image → sensory overload The .
monosyllabic words :\
short sentence definitive
tone, encourages readers to feel the same
paragraph filled with monosyllabic 1
.
short
. ,
edge out of the road and
-
. . . swerve in front
I rising action complex sentences , contrast sudden slow down of action , anti
-
climax even carefree and adventurous people are
many simultaneous activities
1
.
. .
,
words →
1
.
" " " d'
→
-
creates a reckless and slightly dangerous yet 1 Actual race juxtaposes with longer, complex sentences prior )
1
sensible to be nervous
builds up tension and excitement
(
z l
thrilling image
. -
- - - -
- - -
l
- - . - - -
-
' inside
- - -
. . - - . -
- - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- . -
.
→
exciting and chaotic And then the trouble began .
. ..
ordering me to stay .
I. Anticipation Irony tension built before is brought
commanding assertive tone
language
•
, .
,
"
Rails to this → further tension
join in the wacky paragraph
"
lads "
l /IM
'
Anti
"
b. ✗ short sentence about her safety
. . .
they
. ..
-
.
-
care
- informal , quirky tone
i.
A = western privileged culture
I assumed but were swallowed up by the crowd
game
.
÷ .
help readers
wacky Races western cartoon
.. . . . . .
-
:
. -
→
climb inside and
'
I '
we'll open the car boot , you point reflects Westerners
'
pov are very different
the extent of anarchy and the personification crowd is overwhelming ,
•
imagine camera towards the rave
"
' •
→
monstrous
, your
. . ..
from locals →
unpredictable rave ,
cartoon reach contrast : sophistication and threatening
complete lack of rules alike in + us
a • until "
-
dangerous , unorthodox , anarchic to western OF
'
1 .
uncultured parallel
'
officials
①
. . .
. . .
,
western audience 1 but considered as fun and exciting for Eastern countries But I don't have my licence yet because
'
even
inverted commas sarcastiu tone → discredits
peculiar in western POV )
:
paced sentences builds tension
-
comparison in culture, I short , fast violent , unusual , humourous, I'm underaged !
- → '
( them
-
'
to the front ?
' '
0h Yell
WITH A informal , unexpected , shouting - - - - - -
-
- - - -
But will you try and get
- -
brow of the hill
'
, ,
waited for eternity on the * unusual , exotic , structure :
dangerous and anarchic
µqµqgg ✓qgyq#
even more
we '
-
'
that's no problem 1
natural flow of
" "" "Y " " "" "
4 Fear in hindsight
broken grammar rules
hyperbole suspense and anticipation
'
creates
-
grabbing
- : - -
.
conversation 1 both found this hilarious but
I They I was
gazed around at us spirits
,
fell off adventurous
"
to the front
nearly get
"
I hadn't told me before
=
glad
.
he
.
• . .
II.
. ..
pakistan culture
EMMA LEVINE
seen
From title :
each other is unusual
clash of culture ( both sides think lack of worries or
"
problem
.
"
no = confidence =
Westerner 's POV
from I
highly prioritises
a
contrast in writer law
a
concern Chaos : .
perspectives :
'
wobbly bicycle
"
purpose : recreate the experience of the donkey race
and order in contrast to locals '
-5-1 juncture
" " 1
vs a
- - - -
- - - -
"
lens
-
road
.
main
-
- - -
a zoom
-
•
new and unfamiliar -
racing on a
' carefree and wild personality
difference
find the best viewing spot contrast contrast in technology reflect excitement and energetic
hospital gate
-
we drove off to
-
- - - -
-
finish line :
-
:
- -
- - -
- - -
- -
-
chaotic anarchy corny wildness ,
. .
in worlds closed traffic
.
(✗
with immediate high energy, build tension exotic , strange and unusual aspects of the race there is oncoming
starting
-
.
towards the end road ) that had to dive into the ditch
•
hour later feel rather silly a sense of danger
from the start to build up to climax Nearly one
.
. ..
. . .
interested in cultural difference ! there'sa second race ( spectators )
Anticipation build suspense , contrast of pace Audience travellers , people who are
paragraph confusing , suspense reinforces the sense : :
the is
-
.
•
→
westerners , adults
open minded people ,
Yaqoob didn't even have a licence
replaced excitement ,
-
of unpredictability of an Asian country compared to a
" "
silly
-
:
•
personal experience Inner detail > factual )
( a recount of
writing
Nicole Li
a
western
Genre : Travel fallen donkey → conflicts among spectators
country
-
cl : is she judgemental or just highlighting the cultural differences ?
