CPCE Study Guide 1945 Questions with Answers 2023,100% CORRECT

CPCE Study Guide 1945 Questions with Answers 2023 The Sensorimotor period is part of whose developmental stage theory? - CORRECT ANSWER Piaget Presenting stimuli in different sequences to reduce "order of presentation" influences in an experiment is called: - CORRECT ANSWER Counterbalancing The Eskimo word "piblokto" refers to "arctic hysteria," characterized by uncontrolled screaming and crying that is often accopanied by running through the snow naked. This is an example of what kind of disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER Culture-specific Intervention performed with three or more clients at a time is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Group therapy Who is known for person-centered counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Rogers Research that compares findings across many studies is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER Meta-analysis If a therapist has a good ability to perceive and appreciate his/her client's subjective reality (i.e., emotions and cognitions), the therapist is said to have: - CORRECT ANSWER Empathic understanding Changes in human growth and development which are qualitative are: - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in structure or organization Jim's new therapist believes in the uniqueness of each individual. She talks about the importance of social influences on a person. She tells Jim that everybody has a sense of inferiority, and as a result is always striving to attain superiority. Her counseling goals are to help Jim understand his lifestyle, or unified life plan, which gives meaning to his experiences, and to help him identify social and community interests most appropriate for him. She also wants to explain Jim to himself. The techniques she uses in her therapy include life histories, homework assignments, and paradoxical intentions. Describe the therapeutic modality that best describes this therapist's approach. - CORRECT ANSWER Individual Psychology What is NOT a measure of central tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER Norm (Median, Mean, and Mode are). What is NOT a characteristic of test reliability? - CORRECT ANSWER Predictive (Stability, Equivalence, and Internal consistency are). According to Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axlerad, and Herma's developmental theory, occupational choice passes through three periods. Which is NOT one of the main periods they identified? - CORRECT ANSWER Transition. (Fantasy, Tentative, and Realistic are). Career counseling based on Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes all these concepts EXCEPT: - CORRECT ANSWER Positive uncertainty. (Personal agency, Self-efficacy, and Vicarious learning are). Managing a counseling program requires skills in these areas? - CORRECT ANSWER Program design and development Marketing and public relations Budgeting. What is NOT considered underlying principles of ethical decision making? - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent and confidentiality (Beneficence and nonmaleficience, Justice, fidelity, autonomy and self-determination are). Pat's therapist tells her that "self-talk" and "crooked thinking" cause emotional disturbances. He believes we all have the potential to think rationally. He uses techniques like role-playing and imagery to help Pat work through some of her issues. He also follows an A-B-C-D-E system. Pat's therapist believes that we are not influenced by the events we experience, but by our interpretation of them. Pat's therapist subscribes to which therapeutic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (Ellis) How does consultation differ from counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER It is a voluntary, work-related process. What is NOT a common role for a member of a therapy group? - CORRECT ANSWER Autocratic (Facilitative, Maintenance, and Blocking are). Jenny recently lost her job and fell behind in her mortgage payments, so now she is facing foreclosure. She is seeing a counselor to help her cope with the stress in her life. She feels like a failure and wants her self-esteem to be higher, and she feels that she is not living up to her potential. Her counselor tells her that her first priorities are to fulfill her more basic needs, such as applying for food stamps so she will not go hungry and getting help with her housing situation so that she meets her needs for safety and physical security. The counselor tells her that once she has addressed these basic needs, she can then address her higher-order needs for self-esteem and fulfilling her potential as a person. Which theorist has most influenced Jenny's counselor? - CORRECT ANSWER Abraham Maslow Elisabeth Kubler-Ross identified five stages that dying people experience. Which of these accurately identifies these five stages? - CORRECT ANSWER Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance What is meant by the term "regression toward the mean?" - CORRECT ANSWER It means that most scoring very high or low on a pretest will score nearer the mean on a posttest. Which neo-Freudian theorist most strongly believed that behavior can be understood best in terms of social interactions and interpersonal relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER Harry Stack Sullivan Four broad stages of development in the first three years of life are identified in Object Relations Theory. What is the correct chronological order of these four stages? - CORRECT ANSWER Fusion with mother; Symbiosis with mother; Separation/Individuation; Constancy of self and object. What represents the beliefs and practices of Carl Rogers? - CORRECT ANSWER The focus of counseling is based on the client's phenomenological world and feelings. What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? - CORRECT ANSWER Classical conditioning evokes involuntary responses; operant evokes voluntary responses. What is the correct chronological order of the five stages of development identified by Sigmund Freud? - CORRECT ANSWER Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital Which demographic is projected about the U.S. population by the year 2050? - CORRECT ANSWER All of the minority groups combined will outnumber the Non-Hispanic White population. People born after the year 1976 in America are commonly referred to as: - CORRECT ANSWER Millennials In Donald Super's developmental approach to careers, which vocational developmental task did Super associate with the period of ages 18 to 21? - CORRECT ANSWER Specification What are John Holland's six personality types? - CORRECT ANSWER Realistic and Investigative, Artistic and Social, Enterprising and Conventional Which does use John Hollands's typology for determining a person's career type? - CORRECT ANSWER The Vocational Preference Inventory, The Self-Directed Search, and The Career Assessment Inventory. Counselors should be familiar with the distribution of test scores within the normal, or bell curve. ie.: - CORRECT ANSWER 68% makes up one standard deviation from the mean, 13.5% makes up two, and 4% makes up three. What is true about the correlation coefficient? - CORRECT ANSWER A correlation coefficient shows the relationship between two sets of numbers. What is true of quantitative research? - CORRECT ANSWER This kind of research tends to investigate with a goal of finding causal relationships. What is true of qualitative research? - CORRECT ANSWER This kind of research is descriptive, correlational, and historical. What tools/methods are characteristic of experimental research design? - CORRECT ANSWER Control groups and randomization Who established the very first psychological laboratory in history? - CORRECT ANSWER Wilhelm Wundt In the landmark 1976 Tarasoff case, the California court ruled that failure to warn an intended victim is professionally irresponsible. Out of what event did this ruling come? - CORRECT ANSWER A client of a university psychologist murdered Tatiana Tarasoff and her family sued. Developmental changes do not occur in____________but does occur in Physical, cognitive, and pyschosocial development. - CORRECT ANSWER Sociocultural development An infant first sucks on a nipple to nurse. Then the infant sucks on other things--a toy, Daddy's finger, etc. Later this infant discovers other things to do with objects beyond sucking on them such as grasping them, shaking them, and otherwise manipulating them, for example. These two behaviors were labeled by Jean Piaget with what terms, in order of their occurrence? - CORRECT ANSWER Assimilation and accommodation People are said to be products of five different cultures. Two are inevitable culture sources (a culture of human biology and a culture of ecology, which refers to the climates in which people live). What are the other three? - CORRECT ANSWER Racio-ethnic Regional National Which are a central concept in existential therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER Guilt, Anxiety, and search for meaning are How did Albert Ellis view "self-talk" in his theory? - CORRECT ANSWER As the source of our emotional disturbances Which two psychologist Most emphasize freedom of choice and responsibility in their theories? - CORRECT ANSWER William Glasser and Rollo May Which psychologists' theories completely ignore the unconscious? - CORRECT ANSWER Glasser's Reality Therapy, Rogerian Counseling, and Behaviorism Who is best known for the terms "collective unconscious" and "archetypes?" - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Jung A group that is focused on a central theme, such as anger management or learning job seeking skills, is know as as: - CORRECT ANSWER Structured group What are two contrasting elements of group dynamics - CORRECT ANSWER Content and process Styles of group leadership have been described as_______,_______,and_______. But NOT : - CORRECT ANSWER Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez faire. (But not) Effective. Who developed the Archway Model of self-concept determinants? - CORRECT ANSWER Donald Super What is the correct chronological order of the four career development stages identified by Linda Gottfredson? - CORRECT ANSWER Orientation to size and power, Orientation to sex roles, Orientation to social valuation, Orientation to the internal unique self. What is true regarding validity and reliability of tests? - CORRECT ANSWER A test may be reliable, but not valid. What is an example of noninteractive research? - CORRECT ANSWER Historical ananlysis Theree are many confounding variables that can threaten an experiment's validity, but what is a threat to both internal validity and external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER Selection of subjects What are the four levels of data measurement used to determine the statistics used? - CORRECT ANSWER Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio Who first established the trait-factor guidance approach? - CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Arnold Gesell believed that: - CORRECT ANSWER Development was genetically pre-ordained and realized via maturation What is correct regarding the notion of world views? - CORRECT ANSWER An etic world view is the belief we are more similar than different. In Ellis' Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), what do the A, B, and C, stand for in his A-B-C-D-E modalities' taxonomy? - CORRECT ANSWER Action, Belief, Consequent affect In Ellis' Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), what do the D and E stand for in his A-B-C-D-E modalities' classification? - CORRECT ANSWER Disputing, Effect What would G.L. Harrington or William Glasser most likely say regarding transference? - CORRECT ANSWER It impedes progress and need not occur if the therapist is genuine. If a group has co-leaders, what is true - CORRECT ANSWER Different reactions from co-leaders can help stimulate group energy and discussions. What are parts of the process in Frank Parsons' actuarial or Trait-Factor approach to career counseling - CORRECT ANSWER Study the individual, survey occupations, and make a match When E.G. Williamson expanded the trait-Factor approach, he included these steps: - CORRECT ANSWER Synthesis, Counseling, Follow-up John Crites' comprehensive model of career counseling includes three diagnoses of a career problem: - CORRECT ANSWER Differential diagnosis, Dynamic diagnosis Decisional diagnosis Convergent validation and discriminant validation occur within what type of validity? - CORRECT ANSWER Construct validity You are given the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-IV) by a psychologist. When showing you your results, the tester compares your score on the vocabulary subtest to your score on the digit span subtest and your score on the block design subtest, etc. This type of assessment is: - CORRECT ANSWER Ipsatively interpreted What are the types of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)? - CORRECT ANSWER One-way, factorial, and multivariate You give a questionnaire to a group of respondents to measure their opinions on certain topics. Each question has seven possible choices: Strongly Agree, Agree Somewhat, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Disagree Somewhat, and Strongly Disagree. This measurement technique is known as: - CORRECT ANSWER A Likert scale Gilbert Wren's book "The Counselor in a Changing World" (1962) stressed the role of the counseling profession as being focused on: - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental needs What did passage of the Smith-Hughes Act accomplish? - CORRECT ANSWER It granted federal funds for vocational education and guidance Identify the very first professional counseling association and its founding year. - CORRECT ANSWER The National Vocational Guidance Association in 1913 What is accreditation - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby an institution or program receives public recognition for meeting standards Antony is a child who has lately been having tantrums. His pediatrician tells his mother that this is perfectly normal at his age, as he is trying to assert his independence. At which of Erikson's developmental stages and resulting virtues would this child most likely be? - CORRECT ANSWER Autonomy vs. shame/doubt (positive resolution:will) A survey researcher has asked Larry and Carol about their attitudes toward obeying laws. They are asked what they would do in certain hypothetical situations, for example, if the only way to help someone and/or to avoid harming someone would involve breaking the law. "Law, schma," responds Carol, "what's important is doing the right thing." "True," concedes Larry, "we should do what's right, but we've also made an agreement with society to follow its rules, and we should try to do that too, but I agree that a lot of it depends on the situation." Identify where Larry and Carol fit in Kohlberg's stages of moral development: - CORRECT ANSWER Larry is in Stage 5 and Carol is in Stage 6 Raphael's family has just moved to a new neighborhood where he is now culturally in the minority. In his old neighborhood, Raphael's culture was the predominant one. Now Raphael is feeling uncertain about his sense of self. He feels some conflict between depreciation and appreciation of his self. According to the Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, Raphael is experiencing: - CORRECT ANSWER Dissonanace Would Freud's psychodynamic approach and Albert Ellis' REBT favor the emic or the etic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER They would both favor the etic approach Eric's counselor uses Narrative Therapy. Eric has written a "story" to describe his life as his counselor asked him to do. Now the therapist helps Eric to find exceptions and strengths to write a new story that fits better with how Eric would like his life to be. This therapeutic technique is an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER Re-authoring What is an accurate statement regarding integrative counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Integrative counseling synthesizes processes and techniques from various theoretical views. In Existential therapy, what do Umwelt, Mitwelt, and Eigenwelt mean, respectively? - CORRECT ANSWER Physical system; relationships; identity of self Christine's new therapist believes that clients' problems have social and political sources, and that one's personal and social identities are interconnected. The therapist also believes that the therapeutic relationship is a collaborative process between equals, and that androcentric norms are to be rejected. To what type of theory does Christine's therapist likely adhere? - CORRECT ANSWER Feminist therapy Justin has not always had problems, but currently needs some help adjusting to changes in college. His therapist sets specific goals right away. She tells him that he does not necessarily need to entirely understand his problems in order to find solutions. She also uses a scale of 1-10 to measure changes. What type of therapy is Justin undergoing? - CORRECT ANSWER Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) For a therapy group composed of adults with a single group leader, what is generally considered to be the optimum group size? - CORRECT ANSWER 8 What is an accurate statement regarding the duration of a therapy group? - CORRECT ANSWER When a therapy group is first formed, the leader should set its duration and advise the members What are Donald Super's nine major life roles? - CORRECT ANSWER Child, student, citizen-Spouse, homemaker, parent-Worker, leisurite, pensioner According to Linda Gottfredson, young children around age 6 tend to choose occupations based upon: - CORRECT ANSWER Their sex or gender Ann Roe believed that these elements influenced occupational selection? - CORRECT ANSWER Genetic factors, environmental influences, Parent-child relationships What is the best synonym for the term Appraisal? - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluation If you give two tests and the correlation between them is .80, what is the true variance they have in common? - CORRECT ANSWER 64% What are the coefficient of determination and the coefficient of nondetermination? - CORRECT ANSWER The coefficient of determination is the degree of common variance and the coefficient of nondetermination is the error variance or unique variance. What is NOT true about purposeful sampling? - CORRECT ANSWER The researchers intend to generalize their findings to the population What is stratified sampling? - CORRECT ANSWER This refers to selecting from major subgroups of the population What are suggested minimum sample sizes for the kinds of research named? - CORRECT ANSWER 15 for experimental research, 30 for correlational research, and 100 for survey research What is the difference between confidentiality and privileged communication? - CORRECT ANSWER Confidentiality is an ethical concept and privileged communication is a legal concept What is reciprocity? - CORRECT ANSWER A process whereby one agency accepts another's credentials as equivalent to its own What is correct regarding a release of information? - CORRECT ANSWER This document is signed by the client before confidential information can be given to another professional or agency. What is true about professional liability insurance for counselors? - CORRECT ANSWER This insurance is not required by law, but it is highly recommended Daniel Levinson's work has been criticized as being too limited because: - CORRECT ANSWER He only studied the structure of life for males and excluded females Roger Gould believed that there were different "protective devices" people have. What is an accurate definition of protective devices according to Gould? - CORRECT ANSWER False assumptions Mannie and Moe were Eastern European Jewish brothers who came to America in the early 1920's. Both became naturalized U.S. citizens. Mannie worked in the garment district, enjoyed going to baseball games and eating (kosher) hot dogs, and proudly flew an American flag in front of his house. He also still attended shut (temple) in his new country and celebrated all Jewish holidays, and his wife would light candles every Friday night in observance of the Sabbath. Moe also flew an American flag, went to ball games and ate hot dogs; however, he also altered his last name so it would not sound Jewish, did not attend a synagogue, married a woman who was not Jewish, joined a non-Jewish country club, and worked on Wall Street as a stockbroker. He and his family would put up a Christmas tree and decorations every year. What terms correctly identifies each brother's cultural process? - CORRECT ANSWER Mannie's process was acculturation and Moe's process was assimilation Andrew would like to talk to a counselor about some things he has on his mind. He wonders just what his life means and what the point is to our existence. He feels considerable anxiety over many things, and he frequently feels guilty as well. He is very introspective and is always seeking to understand himself better. Which type of therapy would probably make a good fit for Andrew? - CORRECT ANSWER Existential therapy Robert Carkhuff proposed a five-point scale to measure the quality of a counselor's empathic responses. Which level does the following example best represent? Client: Oh, my wife yelled at me so bad you wouldn't believe it! It just killed me!! Counselor: What did she say? - CORRECT ANSWER Level 1 Madelyn has been in a long-term psychotherapy group for the past five years, and the group's leader often encourages members to explore issues originating in their childhoods. According to Gerald Caplan's model, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A tertiary therapy group Kathleen is not excessively troubled, but she is quite shy. She is a member of a counseling group with a focus on minimizing aspects of shyness and preventing their occurrence in social situations. According to Caplan, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A secondary group Ken belongs to a group whose aim is to prevent substance abuse among teens and young adults. In this group, the leader teaches members various coping skills and healthy behaviors. According to Caplan, this would be an example of: - CORRECT ANSWER A primary group Donald Super identified four theaters of life in which we play roles. They are: - CORRECT ANSWER Home, community, school, and workplace Jason is a computer programmer. He is an excellent engineer but is not good at technical support because he doesn't know how to converse easily with people. His wife, Sallie, is a teacher and she is great at explaining things. Children and others love her. However, she can never get her computer to work. John Holland would identify Jason and Sallie respectively as which of his six personality types or styles? - CORRECT ANSWER Jason is mainly an Investigative type and Sallie is mainly a Social type What are Ann Roe's eight occupational fields? - CORRECT ANSWER Managerial, general cultural arts and entertainment, technology outdoor work, scientific work Tiedeman's decision-making model saw career decisions as being made up of two phases. What were these? - CORRECT ANSWER Anticipation or preoccupation and implementation or adjustment Dr. Miller wants to investigate certain variables in his college class. He is going to test his statement that all of the students in his class with IQ scores above 120 will finish the term with higher grades than all of the students in his class with IQ scores below 120. This statement is an example of a: - CORRECT ANSWER Directional hypothesis If you are conducting an experiment and you choose a significance level of .01, what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWER It means you are willing to accept the possibility of erring in accepting or rejecting the null hypothesis one time out of one hundred. What is a Type I (alpha) error? - CORRECT ANSWER A Type I error means rejecting the null hypothesis when it is correct What do "title and practice-control" laws mean? - CORRECT ANSWER These are laws stating one cannot practice counseling without a Professional Counselor license What does Title IX of the educational amendments provide? - CORRECT ANSWER A ban on sex discrimination A formal mental status examination covers which areas? - CORRECT ANSWER It covers: appearance and behavior; thought processes; mood and affect; intellectual functioning; sensorium What are some examples of culture-bound values (vs. class-bound values) in counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Culture-bound values include individual-centered counseling, emotional expression, and intimacy Harry is a little boy whose parents have taken him to a behavior therapist. The parents want some help getting him to clean up his room, go to bed on time, get dressed for school in the morning, and complete other similar daily activities without a struggle or a big fight. The therapist makes a chart for Harry. Every time he completes a desired behavior, he gets a gold star on the chart for that activity. At the end of each week, he and his parents count his gold stars, and he gets a reward based on the number of stars--a pizz or ice cream treat, a movie, etc.--something he values. What is the technique that Harry's therapist is using? - CORRECT ANSWER Token economy Which of the following does NOT correctly pair a model of consultation with the person who developed it? Caplan - mental health consultation model Bandura - social learning consultation model Bergan - process consultation model Schein - purchase consulation model - CORRECT ANSWER Bergan - process consultation model The acronym EMDR stands for: - CORRECT ANSWER Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing What is included in the study of kinesics and proxemics? - CORRECT ANSWER Facial expressions, physical body gestures, seating arrangements B. Tuckman identifies the five states of a therapy group with which words? - CORRECT ANSWER Forming;storming Conforming;swarming Mourning;adjourning Irvin Yalom identified four states of a therapy group. The first stage he identified was Orientation. The other three include all BUT which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER Definition (Conflict, cohesion, termination, are) In a decision-making model of career development, factors include: - CORRECT ANSWER The person's investment(s) personal values style of taking risks In career self-efficacy theory, what are the three elements that will be influenced by an individual's expectations? - CORRECT ANSWER Choice, performance,and persistence. What is the difference between "undecided" and "indecisive" in terms of career counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER An undecided individual needs more information The Standard Error of Measurement is: - CORRECT ANSWER A measure of reliability, The Confidence Band, and confidence Limits How is the Standard Error of Measurement used? - CORRECT ANSWER It is calculated after the test has been taken and scored Which intelligence test has multiple forms for administration to differently aged subjects? - CORRECT ANSWER Wechsler Intelligence Scales What correctly states the relationship between significance level and Type I error? - CORRECT ANSWER As the significance level decreases, so does the level of Type I error. What correctly states the relationship between significance level and Type II error? - CORRECT ANSWER As the significance level decreases, the level of Type II error increases What correctly states the relationship between Type I and Type II error? - CORRECT ANSWER Type I error will decrease and Type II error will increase if the significance level goes down What is true of an EAP? - CORRECT ANSWER It may be inside or outside a company In the steps of developing a counseling program, which of the following should come FIRST? - CORRECT ANSWER Conduct a pilot study What accurately identifies the five axes of the DSM-IV-TR with the srets of disorders that they respectively describe? - CORRECT ANSWER Axis I: Clinical; Axis II: Personality and MR; Axis III: General medical; Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental; Axis V: GAF - Overall functioning In Stanley Stron's Social Influence model of counseling, what are the characteristics of the counselor that Strong identified as those a client might view as valuable? - CORRECT ANSWER Expertness, Attractiveness, and Trustworthiness In Salvador Minuchin's structural family therapy, there are_______between family subsystems; if these are too rigid, they lead to ______, and if they are too diffuse, they can lead to ________. - CORRECT ANSWER Boundaries; disengagement; enmeshment What are major common features between Nathan Ackerman's psychodynamic theory of family counseling, Carl Whitaker's experiential family counseling, Salvador Minuchin's structural family therapy, and narrative family therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER The goal of making changes in the family and the counselor's interactive role in the family. Identify the units of study for each of the following theoretical models of family therapy by selecting from the options provided below. The Psychodynamic model has a ________ unit of study; the Experiential model has a _______ unit of study; the Transgenerational model has a ______ unit study; and the Strategic model has a ______ unit of study. - CORRECT ANSWER Monadic; dyadic; triadic; dyadic and triadic Irvin Yalom specified that the functions of a therapy group leader should include: emotional stimulation; caring; meaning attribution; and executive leadership. Zander Ponzo found support for these same factors, and he also identified other factors found in successful groups. The factors Ponzo identified include: - CORRECT ANSWER Participation, risk-taking, and conflict-confrontation Jacob Moreno is known for the following: - CORRECT ANSWER The Theater of Spontaneity, psychodrama, and group psychotherapy In career development and counseling, what is meant by the Compensatory vs. Spillover theory of leisure? - CORRECT ANSWER Individuals who are dissatisfied with their jobs compensate by engaging in excessive leisure What is an issue for adults in career transition, which counselors should sensitively address during counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Not wanting to undergo job transition Obsolete job skills/a need for retraining Lack of information/job-seeking skills What tests is the most likely to be used in career counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Myers-Briggs Type Indicator What kind of tests are the Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank and the Draw-A-Person Test? - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized personality tests What are examples of intrusive or reactive measurement? - CORRECT ANSWER Questionnaires, interviews, and open observation Dr. Stanwyck has used two different counseling approaches with two different groups of college students. Both groups had similar scores on a pre-test of self-efficacy. He gives each group the same post-test to measure their self-efficacy levels following the course of counseling. What kind of test would he most likely use to see if there is a statistically significant difference between the two group' post-test scores? - CORRECT ANSWER A t-test Dr. Stanwyck has determined that his two groups of students have significantly different scores on the post-test of self efficacy he gave to them after two different courses of counseling. Now he wants to find out whether there is also a statistically significant interaction between the two groups' mean scores. What kind of test would he be likely to use to determine this? - CORRECT ANSWER A factorial ANOVA (factorial Analysis of Variance) Dr. Stanwyck has determined that not only was there a statistically significant difference in the scores of his two groups of students following two different courses of counseling, but also that these scores had a statistically significant interaction with each other. Now he wants to see if, in addition to tested levels of self-efficacy, his subjects' levels of optimism have changed following the two kinds of counseling. Accordingly, he gives both groups a questionnaire to assess their level of optimism. (Dr. Stanwyck had planned ahead and had given both groups a pre-test assessing their baseline optimism levels before the counseling courses began) To make his analysis of the students' levels of both self-efficacy and optimism following the counseling, what kind of test will he need to use? - CORRECT ANSWER MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance) Dr. Stanwyck has found a significant difference in the mean test scores of his two student groups. He has also found significant interaction between their scores. He subsequently tested for significance on a second dependent variable as well. Now he wants to make one more analysis based on the information he has obtained related to the first dependent variable he tested - that of self-efficacy. In pretesting, he noticed that the college seniors in each group had higher average scores in self-efficacy than the college juniors in each group. Therefore, he now adjusts the groups' scores statistically to control for these initial differences before he compares his two test groups. What kind of test is he using? - CORRECT ANSWER ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) What is correct about insurance laws related to counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER In some states, insurance laws now require licensed counselors to be reimbursed for treating certain mental illnesses. Many mental health professionals apply to HMOs and PPOs to be on their provider lists. What is the reason for their doing this? - CORRECT ANSWER To allow clients to be referred to them What is correct regarding ethical issues in group counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent should be obtained from prospective group members before starting What is correct regarding ethical issues in family counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER If the counselor diagnoses a family member, it could be used later on in a court of law True or False: IDEA has a wider range of eligibility than section 504 under Rehabilitation act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER False. The Rehabilitation act of 1973 has the broader definition of disability What is a key difference between IDEA and Section 504 of Rehabiltation Act of 1973 - CORRECT ANSWER IDEA only applies to educational institutions, while RA1973 applies to any organization or employer in the US receiving government funding. Who qualifies for eligibility under Rehabilitation Act of 1973 section 504? - CORRECT ANSWER Anyone who has a disability, physical or psychological, that impair at least one major life activity. Individuals must have documentation of their disability True or False: under both section 504 and IDEA, if a student is eligible for disability services, the student will have a multi-disiplinary team put together a plan. - CORRECT ANSWER True. In IDEA it's called Individualized Education Plan (IEP) and in 504 it's called a 504 plan HIPPA was designed to...? - CORRECT ANSWER protect privacy of individuals medical and mental health records What year were agencies supposed to be HIPPA compliant? - CORRECT ANSWER 2003 Under HIPPA patients have the right to a. control who can view their health records b. inspect their health records c. request changes to health records d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D HIPPA applies to _____ ______ _____. - CORRECT ANSWER health care providers What rights are delineated in the HIPPA privacy policy? - CORRECT ANSWER who their protected health information (PHI) is given to, might use it, and the procedure for requesting information not be shared with certain companies/individuals If there is a discrepancy between what the patient believes should be in the medical record and what the organization believes should be in the record what must be done? - CORRECT ANSWER the discrepancy must be noted in the file. How does Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) define child abuse and neglect? - CORRECT ANSWER Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical/emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm True or False. Anyone who reports suspected child abuse will not be found liable, even if CPS dismissed the case. - CORRECT ANSWER True Name the key aspects of informed consent when working with minors. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. what they can expect from counseling 2. limitations to confidentiality 3. right to withdraw from treatment at any time Why is receiving assent from a child important before starting counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER It establishes boundaries, gives buy in on the part of the client, and gives the minor respect. What is the percentage range of elder abuse? - CORRECT ANSWER 2%-10% depending on type, definition, and degree of reporting True or False: in some states, if an older adult is neglecting themselves, nothing can be done because this is not considered elder abuse - CORRECT ANSWER Both. Some states do consider neglect of self a form of elder abuse, however, some do not. Mark all that are correct Collectively Title II, Elder Abuse Prevention and Services, and Title VII, Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection, include: a. long-term care b. legal assistance c. greater coordination with law enforcement and court system d. access to specific food banks e. financial assistance to those being abused f. allotment of funds for detection, assessment, and intervention - CORRECT ANSWER a, b, c, f What does CACREP stand for? - CORRECT ANSWER Counsil for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs How often do CACREP colleges have to undergo the re-accreditation process? - CORRECT ANSWER Every 8 years When was CACREP established? - CORRECT ANSWER 1981 What are the steps an educational institution needs to go through to become CACREP? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. complete an application an submit a self-study report (tells why do they qualify) 2. CACREP reviews self-study report 3. get a visit from CACREP administrators 4. Accreditation decisions made by board Define advocacy counseling - CORRECT ANSWER Concerned with supporting and promoting the needs of clients and the counseling profession at all levels (state, local, regional, national) True or False: in the ACA code of ethics counselors are told they must advocate for themselves and their clients. - CORRECT ANSWER True T or F: when a client is part of an HMO they don't need a referral from their primary care physician before visiting a specialist. - CORRECT ANSWER False. List an advantage and disadvantage for a counselor to being on an HMO board. - CORRECT ANSWER advantage: they get a steady influx of clients disadvantage: they must provide a diagnosis and detailed history of each client. They are limited in the amount of time they can treat. Have specific guidelines for treatment modalities. As counselors why do we have liability insurance? - CORRECT ANSWER To protect our assets. Even good or well-intentioned counselors make mistakes and they may be found negligent or in guilty of malpractice. define malpractice - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when professional counselors fail to follow acceptable professional standards and do not provide the expected standard of care, resulting in injury to the client. define negligence - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when a professional counselors fails to use reasonable care and/or protect a client from foreseeable harm, resulting in injury o define licensure - CORRECT ANSWER the process by which a government agency grants a counselor permission to practice and/or render specific counseling services. A license protects the public by ensuring that only qualified professionals can legally provide counseling services. When did licensure in counseling first appear? - CORRECT ANSWER The 1970s What year and what state first had a licensing for professional counselors? - CORRECT ANSWER Virginia; 1976 What is meant when someone says "portability would establish reciprocity for licensed counselors"? - CORRECT ANSWER Portability of professional counseling license would allow counselors who are licensed in one state to practice in another without additional requirements. What is the chief credentialing organization in the US for counselors, and what year was it founded? - CORRECT ANSWER National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC); 1982 What is the premier credential for NBCC? - CORRECT ANSWER National Certified Counselor (NCC) Which is not one of the options to become eligible for NCC? a. Have practiced for 5 years as a LPC or state equivalent b. be a current student in a counseling program that participates in the graduate student application c. Have earned a master's degree from a CACREP accredited program d. Have earned a master's degree from a non-CACREP-accredited program and have studied the 8 basic competencies e. Hold a counseling license conferred by the candidate's state board and posses at least a master's degree in a mental health field. - CORRECT ANSWER A The American Counseling Association was originally named. a. American Association of Counseling and development b. American Personnel and Guidance Association. c. National Vocational Guidance Association d. American Counseling Association - CORRECT ANSWER B When counseling minors, the legal right to confidentiality belongs to a. the child b. the counselor c. the parent or legal guardian d. both the parent and the child - CORRECT ANSWER C The Buckley Amendment is also known as a. HIPPA b. section 504 of the U.S. Rehabilitation Act c. IDEA d. FERPA - CORRECT ANSWER D define professional counselor - CORRECT ANSWER A professional who works with individuals and families to overcome development and unexpected life changes in order to facilitate client wellness and personal growth. Specifically, professional counselors work to prevent psychological problems and promote healthy human development. Which act of 1963 provided funding to Clinical Mental Health Counselors so that they could practice? a. Clinical Mental Health Act b. American Mental Health Act c. Community Mental Health Act d. Chronic Mental Health Act - CORRECT ANSWER C. The rest are made up. What areas are clinical mental health counselors trained in? - CORRECT ANSWER assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, psychotherapy, substance abuse treatment, prevention and intervention, crisis counseling, and brief therapy. Name the ACA mental health counselors division. - CORRECT ANSWER American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA) What do college admission counselors do? - CORRECT ANSWER Focus on helping students maneuver through college admissions process to select and secure entry into suitable postsecondary education. Name the division of College Admission Counselors that exists in the NBCC. - CORRECT ANSWER National Association for College Admission Counseling True of False: College Counselors and College Admission Counselors essentially do the same thing. - CORRECT ANSWER False. College Counselors work in counseling centers on college campuses and help students who are struggling with mental health and educational concerns. What does a Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC) do? - CORRECT ANSWER Help individuals with disabilities work through personal and vocational issues they may encounter as a result of their impairment. May involve connecting client with health care or occupational training. What nonprofit organization formed in 1974 certifies rehabilitation counselors? - CORRECT ANSWER The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC). What is the name of the ACA division for school counselors? - CORRECT ANSWER American School Counselor Association (ASCA) What is school counselors job? - CORRECT ANSWER to work in elementary, middle, and high school to serve the personal-social, career, and academic needs of the school's students. Define mental health practitioner - CORRECT ANSWER a person trained to treat individuals with mental health issues and mental illness. This includes psychologist, psychiatrist, psychoanalysts, social workers, psychiatric nurses, MFTs. True or False: Other than getting a masters in the mental health field, there is no other specifications that are required to become a psychoanalyst - CORRECT ANSWER False. They need specialized training from a psychoanalysis institute after they get their masters in mental health and usually have to engage in psychoanalysis themselves by a trained professional. Which professional is characterized by social reform, social justice, and affecting public policy. a. psychologist b. marriage and family therapist c. psychiatric nurses d. social worker - CORRECT ANSWER d Define crisis - CORRECT ANSWER any event that disrupts a person's previously effective coping mechanisms. List the steps for psychological first aid. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Address essential survival needs (food, shelter, safety) 2. address psychological needs using counseling skills 3. connect with family/friends to mitigate feelings of isolation What does a crisis counseling program do? - CORRECT ANSWER Assist individuals after a crisis to restore a sense of safety. They work in crisis teams (interdisciplinary teams that consist of mental health professionals and medical professionals) to identify problems and inventory the available resources. Developmental supervision appraoches - CORRECT ANSWER approaches that emphasize counselor-trainee's progress through a series of stages as they become more experienced, competent, and independent. Discrimination model of supervision - CORRECT ANSWER a model that requires the supervisor to be aware of the supervisee's intervention, conceptualization, and personalization skills and addresses supervisees needs by adopting the role of either teacher, counselor, or consultant as needed. live observation (supervision) - CORRECT ANSWER sit in during a supervissee session with a client Founded in 1986 the American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB) does what? - CORRECT ANSWER to connect states that have licensure boards in order to promote communication to the public and collaboration among states regarding licensure laws and legal matters. ACCA stands for what? - CORRECT ANSWER American College Counseling Association founded in 1991 When was the ACA established? - CORRECT ANSWER 1993 though it went through many iterations. American Personnel and Guidance Association 1952, when 4 different associations joined American Association of Counseling and Development 1983 American Mental Health Counselors was established in what year? - CORRECT ANSWER 1978 AADA does what? - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Adult Development and Aging promotes services available to older adults AARC stands for - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling, created in 1965 ACES stands for - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Counselor Education and Supervision ACEG - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Counselors and Educations in Government, established in 1978 ACC - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Creativity in Counseling established in 2004 AHC - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Humanistic Counseling formed in 1931 ALGBTIC - CORRECT ANSWER Association for LGBT Issues in Counseling, est. 1975 AMCD - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Multicultural Counseling, est 1972 ASGW - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Specialist in Group Work, est 1973 ASERVIC - CORRECT ANSWER Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling, est 1993, though gone through many iterations CSI - CORRECT ANSWER Chi Sigma Iota, formed in 1985 CSJ - CORRECT ANSWER Counselors for Social Justice, est 2002 IAAOC - CORRECT ANSWER International Association of Addiction and Offender Counselors, est 1974 IAMFC9* - CORRECT ANSWER International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, founded 1986 NCDA - CORRECT ANSWER National Career Development Association, founded 1913 NECA - CORRECT ANSWER National Employment Counseling Association, est 1966 NRCA - CORRECT ANSWER National Rehabilitation Counseling Association, est 1958. Works to uphold standards set by CRCC The ______ is NOT a founding member of the ACA a. Counseling Association for Humanistic Education and Development (C-AHEAD) b. American School Counselor Association. c. National Career Development Association d. Association for Counselor Education and Supervision - CORRECT ANSWER B Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER moral principles that guide an individual's behavior. For professional counselors, ethics, and the code of ethics, are what guide professional practices to ensure the welfare and safety of clients and counselors. mandatory ethics - CORRECT ANSWER The lowest standard to which all members must comply to behave ethically Aspirational ethics - CORRECT ANSWER best practices professionals can inspire members to work on continually improving their own knowledge base and skill to advance their practice and the reputation of the profession itself. list the five ethical principles - CORRECT ANSWER autonomy, nonmaleficense, beneficence, justice, fidelity the ethical principle of autonomy refers to.... - CORRECT ANSWER the ability of clients to exercise free will and act independly the most important ethical principle is _______, which means to ___ ____ ______. - CORRECT ANSWER nonmaleficense; do no harm beneficense - CORRECT ANSWER doing only good justice is characterized by - CORRECT ANSWER fairness, this means we will not discriminate against a client fidelity menas - CORRECT ANSWER being faithful and loyal. This means keeping one's word, facilitating trust, and fulfilling obligations to clients list the steps to the Herlihy and Corey ethical decision making model - CORRECT ANSWER 1. ID problem 2. Study codes and do ethical research 3. Reflect on 5 ethical principles, (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, fidelity) 4. consult 5. be aware of own emotions so as not to be clouded by them de client in decision making process 7. brainstorm courses of action and decide how you would like to see situation resolved 8. examine consequences for courses of action 9. Assess your choosen course of action. 10. Take action When was the first ethical code for the ACA created? - CORRECT ANSWER 1961 What are the 8 sections of the ACA code of ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. counseling relationship 2. confidentiality, privileged communication, and privacy 3. professional relationship 4. relationship with other professionals 5. evaluation, assessment, and interpretation 6. supervision, training, and teaching 7. research and publication 8. resolving ethical issues Which section of the ACA code deals with informed consent, record keeping, avoiding romantic relationships with clients, termination, advocating for clients, and rules around gifts from clients? a. Confidentiality, Privileged Communication, and Privacy b. Resolving ethical issues c. The counseling relationship d. professional responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER C What are some of the limitations to confidentiality listed in the ACA code? - CORRECT ANSWER protecting clients from serious or forseeable harm, disclosure of communicable disease, court ordered, child/elder abuse Which section of the ACA Ethical Code deals with scope of practice, continuing education, and truthfulness in advertising? a. relationship with other professionals b. research and publication c. the counseling relationship d. professional responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER D When giving client an assessment, which one of these is NOT in the ACA Code of Ethics a. Only use test with an interrate reliability score above 0.7 b. explaining results in a way clients can understand c. only using assessment tools that we are trained and qualified to use d. take into account who the population was normed on and report in an appropriate way - CORRECT ANSWER A What is NOT listed as an ethical concern in the ACA code of Ethics Research and Publication section a. the principal researcher is held at the greatest responsibility for ensuring ethical conduct b. in accordance with HIPPA, if any client if found to have a mental health issue, the research must find treatment for the participant c. Avoid using deceptions, unless necessary, justifiable, and it will not cause harm d. keep confidential information and dispose of in a timely manner. e. publish enough info so that it can be replicated - CORRECT ANSWER B T or F: any counselor certified by NBCC must also follow their ethical code - CORRECT ANSWER True T or F: the ACA code of ethics provides both mandatory and aspirational ethics, while the NBCC code only provides aspirtational eithics - CORRECT ANSWER False. NBCC only provides mandatory ethics List the 7 areas The NBCC code of ethics covers. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. take appropriate action to prevent harm 2. Provide only services you are qualified for 3. promote welfare of people you provide service to (supervisees, clients) 4. communicate truthfully 5. avoid actions that will reasonably damage trust of the counseling profession 6. encourage active participation of those receiving services 7. be accountable and adhere to recognized professional standards and practices Which part of the NBCC code of ethics involves informed consent, protection of records, gatekeeping responsibilities, handling of assessments and research? a. encouraging active participation b. scope of practice c. communicate truthfully d. prevent harm - CORRECT ANSWER D. Which part of the NBCC code of ethics involves multicutural competencies? a. prevent harm b. scope of practice c. promotion of welfare of clients d. comunicate truthfully - CORRECT ANSWER B. T or F: According to NBCC sexual or intimate relationships can occur after 2 years - CORRECT ANSWER True. (I know, right?) liability - CORRECT ANSWER the legal responsibility of the counselor to act with due care in professional practice. If you practice without due care, you may be vulnerable to legal action against you tort - CORRECT ANSWER a legal response to harm against an individual person or property. If a client believes they have been injured or wronged by a counselor they may file a tort. unintentional tort - CORRECT ANSWER the counselor did not plan or aim to cause harm to the client. Usually malpractice or negligence are considered an unintentional tort intentional tort - CORRECT ANSWER if it seems obvious that the counselor's actions would result in harm to the client, even if the counselor did not intent to harm What are the 4 criteria that must be proven to claim negligence in a court of law. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. defendant owed the plaintiff some kind of legal duty (counselor-client relationship) 2. The defendant breached that legal duty 3. The plaintiff has an authentic injury (physical, financial, psychological) 4. the defendant's breach of duty caused the plaintiff's injury In a malpractice case, the counselor would be compared with who, and why would they be compared? - CORRECT ANSWER They would be compared with other counselors because malpractice is trying to prove that the expected standard of care, that most professionals would provide, was not given Defamation (type of tort) - CORRECT ANSWER intentional maring of someone's reputation through spreading of falsehoods. There are two types Libel and Slander Libel - CORRECT ANSWER defamation through writing slander - CORRECT ANSWER defamation through a spoken statement confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER refers to counselors' ethical duty to keep client's disclosures private privileged communication - CORRECT ANSWER legal term that protects certain counselor-client communication in the court system T or F: Privileged communication rights belong to the client, but not confidentiality - CORRECT ANSWER False, both belong to the client subpoena - CORRECT ANSWER a legal document that orders a person to appear in court to serve as a witness or to provide the court with certain documents If the client does not want the counselor to divulge information asked for in a subpoena, the counselor should ask the client's attorney to do what? - CORRECT ANSWER file a motion to quash the subpoena T or F: if the counselor receives a subpoena he or she must provide the information to the court - CORRECT ANSWER False. If the counselor receives a court order and a subpoena, he or she must comply or be held in contempt. culture - CORRECT ANSWER the human experience mediated by biological, psychological, historical, and political events. It includes behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and cognition related to our identities living within the world Culture exists on three levels. They are .... - CORRECT ANSWER Universal, group, and individual cultural encapsulation - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when the dominate cultural view is regarded in counseling as more important than minority values. This may lead to counselors treating clients from the dominant perspective, disregarding client's individual and cultural values. multicultural counseling - CORRECT ANSWER the integration of cultural identities within the counseling process cultural identity - CORRECT ANSWER refers to the degree to which individuals identify belonging to subgroups of various cultural groups or categories. This can be the combination of various cultural group memberships for the client and counselor interaction to affect the counseling relationship what are the three components of the tripartite model of multicultural counseling? - CORRECT ANSWER awareness (self-awareness, of values and biases) knowledge (understanding the client's wordview), and skill (intervention in a culturally appropriate manner). etic - CORRECT ANSWER viewing the client from a universal perspective emic - CORRECT ANSWER using counseling approaches that are specific to a client's culture high context communication - CORRECT ANSWER relaying messages by relaying heavily on surroundings: many things can be left unsaid low context communication - CORRECT ANSWER individuals communicating primarily verbally paralanguage - CORRECT ANSWER refers to verbal cues other than words; volume, tempo, prolongation of sound, pitch Kinesics - CORRECT ANSWER involves postures, body movement, and position chronemics - CORRECT ANSWER how individuals conceptualize and act toward time monochromic time - CORRECT ANSWER orientation toward time in a linear fashion (use schedules, advanced planning of activities) polychromic time - CORRECT ANSWER the value of time as secondary to relationships among people proxemics - CORRECT ANSWER the use of personal physical distance. This can include intimate distance (0-18 inches), personal distance (18in - 4 feet), social distance (4-12 feet), and public distance (12 feet +) Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER the process in which an individual makes sense of a host culture's value systems in relationship to his or her own What are the four models of acculturation identified by Paniagua - CORRECT ANSWER 1. assimilation model (highly acculturated; primarily identify with the new culture) 2. separation model (refuse to adapt to new cultural values) 3. integration model, or biculturalism (identify with both cultures) 4. marginalization model (reject both cultures) worldview - CORRECT ANSWER individuals' conceptualization of their relationship with the world Locus of responsibility - CORRECT ANSWER a Sue and Sue concept of how individuals guide their behaviors. This refers to what system is accountable for things that happened to the individuals. It can be internal responsibility, this means that success/failure are an individuals own doing. External locus of responsibility refers to the idea that social environment or external systems are responsible for what happens to an individual locus of control - CORRECT ANSWER a Sue and Sue concept of how individuals guide their behavior. the degree of control individuals have over their environment. Internal locus of control means that people believe that consequences are dependent on an individual. External locus of control refers to the notion that consequence result by chance, outside of an individual's control. What are the 5 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck components that create a unique cultural worldview - CORRECT ANSWER 1. human nature: humans are good, bad, or a combination of the two 2. relationship to nature: how individuals view the power of nature; harmony with, power over, or power of nature 3. sense of time: where do you focus, past, present, future 4. activity: how self-expression occurs for individuals 5. social relationships: What are the three components of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's activity component? - CORRECT ANSWER being (present oriented, internal focus) being in becoming (present and future oriented goal development) doing (Actively engaging in activities that are important by external standards) What are the three categories in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's social relationship component? - CORRECT ANSWER lineal-hierarchal (traditional cultures with hierarchal positions) collateral-mutual (collectivist focus) individualisitc (needs of the group are secondary to those of individuals) race - CORRECT ANSWER describes how groups of people are thought to be identified by physical characteristics, historically based on genetic and biological background Hispanic/Latino is a _____; not a ______ - CORRECT ANSWER ethnicity; race color blindness - CORRECT ANSWER treating individuals equally by ignoring their racial group, or color of their skin, as a component of their identity color consciousness - CORRECT ANSWER the process of how Whites, in response to their role in perpetuating racial discrimination for racial minorities, focus predominantly on racial differences colorism - CORRECT ANSWER the judgment of worth based on how closely an individual's skin color approximates that of Whites. Typically valuing more European features Biracial individuals - CORRECT ANSWER children of parents from two different racial background mestizo - CORRECT ANSWER a biracial individual from a native american parent and a Caucasian parent eugenics movement - CORRECT ANSWER trying to keep the Caucasian race "pure" by directing who could marry and reproduce multiracial - CORRECT ANSWER someone who's family includes more than two racial lineages, may include children who are adopted into a family not of their race ethnicity - CORRECT ANSWER refers to people who have a similar social or cultural backgruond ethnic identity - CORRECT ANSWER self perceived sense of membership in an ethnic group, including feelings and attitudes associated with that membership ethnocentrism - CORRECT ANSWER a belief that one's culture is superior in comparison to all other cultures Socioeconomic class or status (SES) - CORRECT ANSWER includes income, financial status, educational background, resource availability, job held generational poverty - CORRECT ANSWER when poverty has occurred for many generations situation poverty - CORRECT ANSWER lack of resources due to an extenuating circumstances classism - CORRECT ANSWER a form of discrimination founded on a person's social status modern classism - CORRECT ANSWER proposes that those of the lower statuses may exhibit classism as well structural classism - CORRECT ANSWER promotes a current status quo or arrangement of classes internalized classism - CORRECT ANSWER the result of a person's feeling shame for teh class to which they belong gender - CORRECT ANSWER the social categories of masculinity or femininity, with placement heavily guided by culture sex roles - CORRECT ANSWER focuses on a person's physiological functioning, ex: a woman's sex role would include her ability to conceive and birth a child gender roles - CORRECT ANSWER societal expectations put on a person about how someone should behave, think, and be treated, and what beliefs he or she should hold gender expression - CORRECT ANSWER how an individual portray their gender gender schema theory - CORRECT ANSWER Created by Bem, it tries to determine the "why" behand an individuals placement of genders into certain categories. Children learn gender roles The four components of sexual identity by Chaney and Marszalek - CORRECT ANSWER physical identity (biological) gender identity social sex role identity (the sex roles an individual adopts due to culture) sexual orientation identity (who are you attracted to) Affectional orientation - CORRECT ANSWER acknowledges that all relationships involve attraction, emotional stability, communication style, and other interpersonal factors and feelings in addition to sexual attraction homoprejudice - CORRECT ANSWER similar to homophobia, but used